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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © 2015
28 August 2017
LNG Opportunities in India – Norwegian offerings
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FSRU-Critical link in Global LNG Supply chain
Garden View Room, Taj Lands End – Mumbai, February 9th 2018
Johan Petter Tutturen, DNV GL
DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
200Maritime officesglobally
3,800Maritime staffworldwide
ENERGYOIL & GAS
BUSINESS
ASSURANCE
MARITIME
▪ Maritime is our core industry
▪ 12,300 ships & mobile offshore units
in DNV GL class, 280 mGT
▪ Strong presence in all ship segments
▪ Dedicated ship type expert teams
support our clients worldwide
▪ Among top performing class societies
in Port State Control statistics
ABOUT DNV GL -The leading classification society
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GROUP RESEARCH &
TECHNOLOGY
DIGITAL
SOLUTIONS
13,000employeesgroupwide
5%revenue invested in R&D activities
DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
This presentation seeks to outline and discuss the key considerations for a FSRU newbuild or conversion project
▪ FSRU is a “fast track” way of opening
energy markets to natural gas
▪ Reduced construction time
▪ Cost much less than land based
alternatives of a similar size
▪ Face less local opposition than new
terminals onshore (“not in my backyard”)
▪ Alternative to pipeline gas for political
reasons
▪ Has flexibility with respect to location and
use
– Can be reused at a new location at a later stage
– Many FSRUs have valid SOLAS Certificates and
can trade as LNG Carriers
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The world needs energy and FSRUs can be the possible solution
Several key issues needs to be considered for a new FSRU project
▪ There are many issues to take into
consideration for a new FSRU newbuild or
conversion project
▪ This presentation seeks to outline the key
questions that must be answered and
discuss different solutions
DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Currently there are 24 FSRUs in operation, mainly located in Middle East & North Africa and South America
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Disclaimer: Information accurate as of October 2016
DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
DNV GL has been at the forefront of the FSRU development and classifies more than half of the global FSRU fleet today
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61 %of all FSRUs classed by
DNV GL
1962 20172008 2009 2018
DNV GL has been
part of defining the
LNG Carrier
industry
First
classification
society to publish
rules for gas
carriers in 1962
First conversion FSRU –DNV
classed Golar Spirit
First newbuild FSRU – DNV
classed FSRU Neptune
Development of
Classification Note
for FSRUs
Latest revision of
REGAS rules enters
into force April 1st
2018
Projects:
▪ 19 FSRU NB
▪ 4 FSRU Conversions
DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Certain key considerations for FSRU/FSU (both NBs and conversions) will impact the asset’s specifications and commercial value, as well as the project cost and schedule
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Site selection1
- Safety & security
zone
- Defined exclusion
zones
Storage
Systems3
- Type?- Capacity of tank?- Logistical challenges
Drydocking4
- Continuous operation w/o drydocking (if accepted by flag & port administrations)?
Regas Trains5
- Capacity/Send out?- Redundancy - Expansion possible?
Classification
& Propulsion2
Flexibility, cost and statutory requirements based on: - Ship or Offshore classification- propelled or non-propelled unit.
Vaporisation6
- Vaporisation alternatives- Local environment restrictions
Mooring7
- Geotechnical
conditions
- Turret mooring, or
spread mooring
- Moored to jetty?
Manning8
- Cost of crew,
qualifications?
- Statutory
requirements?
Additional topics
for conversions9
- Reinforcement of hull structure
- Work needed for lifetime
extension of old assets?
DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Safety and Security zones
▪ Safety Zone
– A Safety Zone is in place to prevent a natural gas release from igniting and leading to a
serious incident
– The safety zone required on water side is referred as the Ignition Exclusion Zone
(IEZ)
– Onshore Safety Zone is used for land clearance and requirements applicable to
onshore side (determined by QRA)
– Marine Exclusion Zone (MEZ) is a defined distance from the facility (FSRU) where
vessels can be prevented from passing
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ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Site
selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Defined Exclusion Zones (Ignition and Marine)
▪ Marine Exclusion Zone defined based upon passing traffic impact
▪ Ignition Exclusion Zone (IEZ) defined based upon gas release and ignition likelihood
▪ Onshore QRA study will be required to determine 10-5 contours, within which land should be
owned by FSRU owner
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ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Site
selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Classification: Ship or Offshore Certification?
▪ A vessel which:
– Conducts regasification activity
– Design based on North Atlantic
environmental conditions
– Regular dry-docking or continuous
operation without dry-docking if
accepted by flag and port
administrations
– Has valid IMO Certificates
▪ Ship with propulsion or
barge
▪ Majority of vessels with ship
certification
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▪ A vessel which:
– Permanently moored on location
– Design based on site-specific conditions with
special focus on fatigue and corrosion
– Does not intend to regularly dry-dock
– Does not need IMO Certificates
SHIP CERTIFICATION OFFSHORE CERTIFICATION
+1A
Tanker for
liquefied
gas
REGAS
+OI
Floating
Offshore
LNG
Storage
REGAS
▪ Two alternatives to classification – “ship” and “offshore”
▪ Both approaches have been accepted by Port Administrations
▪ Modified POSMOOR notation if
no propulsion capability
▪ Barge without propulsion
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
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Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Storage: Which tank type & size?
▪ Type
– Membrane, MOSS or C-tank
– Majority of vessels with membrane tank
▪ Capacity/Size of tank
– FSRU sizes are 125 000 to 263 000 m3
– Converted Moss FSRUs are normally around
125 000 m3
– NB FSRU are normally around 170 000 m3
(as other NB LNG Carriers)
▪ Logistical challenges
– Measures to reduce/eliminate the risk of
sloshing damage to the tanks
– Transfer time
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Picture courtesy: Petrobas, GTT
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
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Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Drydocking: Possible with continuous operation w/o drydocking?
▪ FSRU operation + option of gas carrier
– Regular 5 years dry-docking intervals
▪ FSRU operation
– Continuous operation without dry-docking possible if
accepted by flag and port administrations
– Case by case acceptance by class and authorities
– Class notation: TMON, BIS
– Sea valves
– Coating in ballast tanks
– Active and passive corrosion protection
– All required inspections to be carried out afloat
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Picture courtesy: Samsung Heavy Industries
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Regas train: Capacity and availability
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▪ Spare/stand-by train
– Normal set-up: 3 to 4 trains
– Normal with 1 train in standby
– Train configurations: 1x100%, 2x100%,
2x50%, 3x50%
▪ Capacity per train
– Typically 250 MMSCFD (Million Standard Cubic
Feet per Day)
▪ Availability
– Based on receiving unit’s requirements
– Maintenance considerations
▪ Expansion possible?
Note: 1 m3 LNG = 21,55 MSCF (60 °F)
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Vaporisation: Alternative systems
▪ Vaporisation alternatives
– Open loop, closed loop, combination (open
rack, air panel)
– Heating Medium: Seawater, propane,
glycol, steam
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▪ Challenges
– Corrosion choice of materials, water
velocity
– Marine growth chlorine
– Environmental restrictions: Temperature
difference between inlet and outlet of
seawater – local requirements
EX: Open loop with seawater heating:
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
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Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Heating system for LNG vaporizer
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EX: Water/Glycol system
▪ Means shall be provided protect the vaporizers against freezing of heating
medium
▪ Means shall be provided to detect leakage of high pressure LNG/NG into the
heating fluid and to prevent overpressure in the heating system
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Mooring: Which alternative?
▪ Turret mooring (Single point mooring)
– Weather-vaning freely
– Heading control to limit roll motions
– Export of natural gas to the onshore network
through turret or flexible risers
▪ Spread mooring
– Currently no FSRUs with this mooring
alternative
▪ Permanently moored to a jetty
– Used in benign water conditions (protected
location)
– Export of natural gas to onshore network
through loading arms or flexible hoses
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Picture courtesy: Høegh LNG
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Manning: Requirements for crew
▪ More than 10% additional crew on FSRUs
today compared to LNGC
▪ Manned 24/7
▪ Key Questions:
– Cost of crew?
– Which qualifications are needed?
– What are statutory requirements?
– Requirements to use local crew?
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Picture courtesy: Hoegh
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
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Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Conversions: What are some additional issues to be considered?
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Fixed loading
armsHP Manifold REGAS vent Mast
REGAS Process
equipment
Picture courtesy: Golar LNG
Reinforcement
of hull structure
ManningMooringVaporisationRegas TrainsDrydockingStorageClassification
& PropulsionConversions
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Site selection
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
Other important topics for NB and conversions include…
➢BOG Management: Power generation and send out in normal and abnormal operations
➢Rollover: Design measures to help reduce the risk of stratification and subsequent rollover
➢Cargo Tank Pressure: Operational advantages with increased tank pressure
➢Depressurizing/blowdown system: High/low pressure system
➢Cryogenic protection of hull structure: Booster pumps, vaporizers, suction drum
➢HAZID: Dispersion analysis, heat load calculation, relocation of equipment, escape routes
➢Quantitative risk assessment: Possible requirement from charterer
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DNV GL © 2015 28 August 2017
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
www.dnvgl.com
Thank you for your attention
Questions?
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Johan Petter Tutturen
+47 482 60 720