longitudinal and cross-sectional research

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RESEARCH METHODS INLINGUISTICS

Longitudinal vs. cross-sectional

research23/4/2012Ivan Buljan

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Structure of the presentation

1. Introduction

2. Longitudinal research

2.1. Main types of longitudinal research

2.2. Other longitudinal research designs

2.3. Longitudinal qualitative research

2.4. Longitudinal quantitative data analysis

3. Choosing a design: longitudinal vs. cross-sectional?

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1. Introduction

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1. Introduction

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2. Longitudinal research

Longitudinal research permits themeasurement of change in a variable fromone period to another.

2 main purposes of longitudinal research:1. To describe the patterns of change,

2. To explain the casual relationship.

.

The process of SLA and longitudinal research

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2.1. Main types of longitudinalresearch

THE PANEL STUDY (prospective longitudinalstudy)

Appropriate to collect data about change on a

micro level as it really happensThe exemple of political parties

Disadvantages: expensive and timeconsuming, long maintenance of the research

group

threats to validity: attrition and panelconditioning

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THE TREND STUDY (repeated cross sectionalstudy)

Use of questionnaire

Repetition of investigation on differentparticipants which are representative of thesame population

Advantages and disadvantages

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RETROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY

The respondents think back and respond tothe questions about the past experience

50% of the answers are incorrect orinaccurate in some way

More unreliable than prospective study

SIMULTANEOUS CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Partly longitudinal

Examines developmental issues

Disadvantage: changes are related todifferent experience

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2.2. other longitudinal researchdesigns

Rotating panels

Split panels

Cohort study

Accelerated longitudinal design

Experimental research

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2.3. longitudinal qualitative research

Longitudinal research QUAN method + QUALmethod

The potential of LQR: do they offer a bigger

picture?The complexity of QUAL data analysis

The increased impact of panel conditioning

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2.4. longitudial quantitative dataanalysis

Different changes require different statisticalprocedures

Matching the appropriate theoretical model to

the statistical model 2 dimensions of longitudinal QUAN data

analysis:

1. Time series analysis

2. Common design (in applied linguistics)

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3. Choosing a design: longitudinal vs.cross-sectional

Longitudinal:

Longer

More expensive

Difficulties in gathering the researchparticipants

Panel conditioning

More difficult to control

Cross-sectional:

Shorter

Cheaper

No difficulties with gathering researchparticipants

No panel conditioning

Easier to control

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Bibliography

Drnei, Z. (2007). Research methods in appliedlinguistics: quantitative, qualitative and mixedmethodologies. Oxford: OUP.

For more informations:

Somekh, B., Lewin, C. (ed.) (2005). Researchmethods in social sciences. London: Sage

Publications.

Mackey, A., Gass, S.M. (2005). SecondLanguage Research: Methodology and Design.London: LEA.

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longitudinal and cross-sectional research

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