makalah mpktb hg-3 cl-2

7/17/2019 Makalah Mpktb Hg-3 Cl-2

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/makalah-mpktb-hg-3-cl-2 1/23

HALAMAN MU

MAKALAH MPKT-B

OUR RESPONSIBILITIES AS THE MANAGER OF ENVIRONMENT

By Home Group 3:

Anantama Kar! Fa"#a $%3&'3()(%*+

Bramantyo Utomo $%3&'3()(,&+

-ona. Ran"to $%%&'&)%''/+

La0!amana 1a0y Rama"2an $%3&',3')*,+

M2ae# Ke#4n E""y Hu!n $%3&',3'(&,+

Ra"en Mu2amma" A#5 Bryan R6tama $%3&'3()(3,+

Universitas Indonesia

Depok

2015

PR!A"



In t2! paper! 7e 7ou#" #0e to "!u!! a8out Our Responsibilities as the

Manager of Environment 9 one t2n t2at ! mportant a! a 2uman 8eau!e 7e are

5te" 7t2 nte##ene9 7e 2a4e to u!e t proper#y to pre!er4e an" ut#6e our

en4ronment a! 7e #4e on t2! eart2;

T2! paper! 7ere ma"e n or"er to nrea!e un"er!tan"n a8out en4ronment

manaement 8y 2uman!; t2! paper! 7ere 8a!e" on 4arou! !oure! o5 re5erene!9

n5ormaton9 ne7!; 2ope5u##y t2! paper! an 4e a 7"e n5ormaton an" 0no7#e"e

a8out our nature to t2e rea"er

-epo09 %( Oto8er /&%*



AB#TRA"T

t2! paper "!u!! a8out 2uman ta!0 a! t2e manaer o5 nature; a! a 2uman t2at 7ere

5te" 7t2 mora# an" nte##ene9 7e 2a4e to pre!er4e our natura# re!oure! an"

en4ronment t2at 7ere 4en to 5u#5## e4ery "a#y nee"!; 2uman ! e<pete" to 8e a8#e

to mantan t2e 8a#ane o5 nature; Ho7e4er9 a! t2e tme! 0eep mo4n 2uman

popu#aton 0eep nrea!n a#on 7t2 t2er !e#5!2ne!!; A! a re!u#t mantann t2e

8a#ane o5 nature ! 2ar" to a2e4e; T2ere5ore 7e nee" !ome e55ort! to 8e a8#e to

ut#6e an" pre!er4e our nature an" en4ronment 7t2out 2armn t;



TABL $! "$NTNT#

!R$NT PA%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&i

PR!A"&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ii

AB#TRA"T&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&iii

TABL $! "$NTNT#&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&iv

"HAPTR I&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1

INTR$DU"TI$N&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1

%;% BA=KGROUN-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%

%;/ OB>E=TIVE;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%

"HAPTR II&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2

"$NTNT&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2

/;% ?e a! T2e Manaer o5 Our Bo"y;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/

/;%;% Hea#t2y L5e;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/

/;%;/ Hea#t2y Foo";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;3

/;/ ?e a! T2e Manaer o5 En4ronmenta# Hea#t2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;3

/;3 ?e a! t2e Manaer o5 En4ronment;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,

/;3;% ?ater Manaement;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,

/;3;/ ?a!te Manaement;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,

/;, ?e a! T2e Manaer o5 G#o8a# En4ronment;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;*

/;,;% En4ronmenta# Hea#t29 Po##uton9 An" To<o#oy;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;*

/;,;/ Gro7t2 n Human Popu#aton;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;'

/;* ?e a! t2e In5ra!truture Manaer;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;'

/;' ?e a! T2e Manaer o5 -!a!ter an" t! Mtaton;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;)

/;';% Natura# -!a!ter @ Lan"!#"e;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;)

/;';/ -!a!ter Mtaton;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;(

/;';3 E<traor"nary E4ent or -!a!ter;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

"HAPTR III&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&10

RLATI$N#HIP BT'N TH L#PB AND TH ARTI"L&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&10



3;% Art#e =#/;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%&

3;/ Re#aton Bet7een LSPB an" Art#e;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%%

3;/;% Re#aton 7t2 LSPB %;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%%

3;/;/ Re#aton 7t2 LSPB /;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%/

3;/;3 Re#aton 7t2 LSPB 3;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%3

3;/;, Re#aton 7t2 LSPB ,;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%3

3;/;* Re#aton 7t2 LSPB *;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%,

3;/;' Re#aton 7t2 LSPB ';;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;%*

"HAPTR I(&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1)

"$N"LU#I$N&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1)

BIBILI$%RAPH*&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1+



"HAPTR I

INTR$DU"TI$N

1&1 BA"K%R$UND

a! a 2uman t2at 7ere 5te" 7t2 nte##ene an" mora#9 7e 7ere 4en a ta!0

to pre!er4e an" ut#6e natura# re!oure! t2at 7ere 4en proper#y; n t2! a!e

2uman an 8e a##e" a! a manaer o5 nature an" en4ronment; 2o7e4er a! t2e

tme! 0eep on an" t2e te2no#oy 0eep "e4e#opn9 more an" more o8!ta#e!

t2at 2uman 2a4e to 8e a8#e to pa!! t; yet mo!t o5 t2e o8!ta#e! ome 5rom 2uman

t!e#5; 2uman 2a4e 22 !e#5!2ne!!9 8eau!e o5 t not a 5e7 o5 t2em 72o e<p#ot

t2e natura# re!oure! 7t2out t2n0n t2e neat4e e55et or on!eCuene! t2at 7e

7## et; t2ey 7ere .u!t t2n0n a8out eonom 8ene5t! t2at t2ey 7## et; a! a

on!eCuene o5 t2er ree" an" !e#5!2ne!!9 urrent#y 2uman 5ae! many pro8#em!

t2at our;

In"one!a a#!o 2a4n t2e !ame 0n" o5 pro8#em9 8eau!e t2e manaement o5

nature an" en4ronment ! not 7or0n proper#y t2e nature an" en4ronment 0eep!

ettn orrupte"; !tart 5rom "e5ore!taton9 po##uton an" many more;

1&2 $B,"TI(

a; 4e n5ormaton to t2e rea"er a8out t2e mportane o5 2ea#t2y #4n; 8; 4e n5ormaton to t2e rea"er a8out 7e 2uman a! t2e manaer o5 nature an"

en4ronment;

; 4e n5ormaton to t2e rea"er a8out t2e neat4e e55et on en4ronmenta#

"amae;"; 4e n5ormaton to t2e rea"er a8out t2e 5at! on en4ronmenta# r!! t2at !

urrent#y 2appenn n In"one!a;

e; 4e n5ormaton to t2e rea"er a8out t2e orre#aton 8et7een t2e LSPB an" t2e

art#e;



"HAPTR II

"$NTNT

2&1 'e as Te Mana.er o/ $r Bod

From t2e 5r!t a!pet 7e 7## ta#0 a8out 2ea#t2 an" 2ea#t2 au!e 8y t2e

oo" !truture o5 our #4e to mantane t2e 2a8t; But !ome 5ator! 2a!

n5#uene t2e 2a8t !u2 a! 8a0roun" an" 2arater!t9 #5e!ty#e9 !oa#

an" eonom! a!pet; An" a""ton or t2e 7ay to mpro4e oo" 2ea#t2 t2e

Go4ernment #aun2 t2e Pu8# Hea#t2 to To a!!ure t2at a## popu#aton!

2a4e ae!! to approprate an" o!t e55et4e are9 n#u"n 2ea#t2

promoton an" "!ea!e pre4enton !er4e!

2&1&1 Heat Li/e

Re5er! to t2e prate! o5 popu#aton roup! t2at are on!!tent 7t2

!upportn9 mpro4n9 mantann an"Dor en2ann 2ea#t2; A! t app#e!

to n"4"ua#!9 2ea#t2y #4n ! t2e prate o5 2ea#t2 en2ann 8e2a4our!9

or put !mp#y9 #4n n 2ea#t2y 7ay!; It mp#e! t2e p2y!a#9 menta# an"

!prtua# apaty to ma0e 2ea#t2y 2oe!; Our 8o"y ! our temp#e9 an" 7e

nee" to ta0e are o5 t to 2a4e a 2ea#t2y #5e;

It !eem! e4ery72ere 7e #oo0 t2e!e "ay! t2ere ! !ome !ort o5

promoton or a"4ert!ement a8out oo" 2ea#t2 an" #5e!ty#e; Ba!a##y t

n4o#4e! 2a4n t2e r2t mn"!et9 oo" 2ea#t2y 8a#ane" "et an" reu#ar

e<er!e;; ?e "ont 2a4e to .on t2e ym or 8eome 4eetaran!9 8ut

a2e4n a 2ea#t2y #5e!ty#e ! !mp#e an" t! entre#y our o7n

re!pon!8#ty; Our 8o"y! are #0e omp#e< ma2ne!9 7t2out t2e r2t are

t2ey 8rea0"o7n9 7t2out t2e r2t 0no7#e"e t2ey ant 8e u!e" to t2ere

5u## potenta#;



2&1&2 Heat !ood

-et e4o#4e! o4er tme9 8en n5#uene" 8y many 5ator! an" omp#e<

nteraton!; Inome9 5oo" pre! $722 7## a55et t2e a4a#a8#ty an"

a55or"a8#ty o5 2ea#t2y 5oo"!+9 n"4"ua# pre5erene! an" 8e#e5!9 u#tura#

tra"ton!9 a! 7e## a! eorap2a#9 en4ronmenta#9 !oa# an" eonom

5ator! a## nterat n a omp#e< manner to !2ape n"4"ua# "etary

pattern!; T2ere5ore9 promotn a 2ea#t2y 5oo" en4ronment9 n#u"n 5oo"

!y!tem! 722 promote a "4er!5e"9 8a#ane" an" 2ea#t2y "et9 reCure!

n4o#4ement aro!! mu#tp#e !etor! an" !ta0e2o#"er!9 n#u"n

o4ernment9 an" t2e pu8# an" pr4ate !etor; An" 5or eat 8y pyram"!9

T2e Hea#t2y Eatn Pyram" ! a !mp#e 4!ua# u"e to t2e type! an"

proporton o5 5oo"! t2at 7e;

!2ou#" eat e4ery "ay 5or oo" 2ea#t2; ?e "4"e 8y t2ree t2ere are t2e

5oun"aton #ayer $4eeta8#e! an" #eume!+9 t2e m""#e #ayer $m#09 e9

meat9 et+ an" t2e top #ayer $2ea#t2y 5at!+;

2&2 'e as Te Mana.er o/ nviron3enta Heat

Goo" en4ronment on!!t o5 many t2n!9 one o5 t2em ! 2ea#t2y

re!"ene; A 2ea#t2y re!"ene ! on!!t o5 #ean 7ater !upp#y9 ar8ae

"!po!a# !an!ta!on9 tran!portaton 5a#ty9 !oa# !er4e 5a#ty; T2e

proper 2ou!n !tan"ar"! aor"n to t2e o4erment po#y mu!t 2a4e

4ent#aton9 !tron 5oun"aton9 7ater re!!tant 5#oor9 proper 8e"room9

!an!taton9 7a!te "!po!a#9 an" !o#" matera#; Re#ate" 7t2 t2e 2ou!n9

!an!taon 2a4e mu a55et 7t2 our en4ronment 2ea#t2y9 poor !an!taton

an mpat on many "!ea!e! !u2 a! 2epatt!9 "arr2ea; Poor !an!taton

an 8e 8eau!e o5 une"uate" peop#e9 7ea0 n5ra!truture an" 8a" 2uman

re!oure!; L5e e<petany ! t2e parameter 5or t2e #5e Cua#ty an" ot2er

t2n!9 In n"one!a9 #5e e<petany ! a8out )& year! o#"9 8ut t! an



a4erae natona# #5e e<petany; Ana#y6n trou2 t2e "ata t2at t2e 22e!t

#5e e<petany ! 5rom .a0arta9 an" 5o##o7e" 8y ot2er ty; T2ere are !o

many 5ator! t2at a55etn 22 #5e e<petany n .a0arta !u2 a! oo"

e"uaton an" a#!o oo" pu8# 2ea#t2 !er4e an" any ot2er t2n!; T2e

en4ronment 722 ! not 2ea#t2y 7## a55et on our 2ea#t2y9 !u2 a! n

2erno8y# or 5u0u!2ma9 a5ter nu#ear "!a!ter t2at p#ae 7a!nt a8#e 5or

8en #4e"9 an" no7 t! a8an"one"; T2e en4ronment re!pon!8#e to mo!t

o5 "!a!e!9 an" t! 8eau!e o5 2ema# !u8!tane n t2e en4ronment

722 pro"ue"Dearne" 8y 2uman 722 nor re!pon!8#e; Para##e#y t2e

oo" pu8# 2ea#t2 !er4e ou#" !a4e many o5 #4e!;

2&4 'e as te Mana.er o/ nviron3ent

2&4&1 'ater Mana.e3ent

7ater ! a nee!!ty 5or 2uman to !ur44e9 *&'& o5 2uman 8o"y

on!!t o5 7ater; 72en 2uman "o at4te! t2ey #o!e 7ater n t2er 8o"e!

5or a8out %*&& m# t2rou2 !7eat9 urne9 5ee!9 an" re!praton; 72en

!omeone 2a4n a #a0 o5 7ater t2ey 7## "e4e#op "e2y"raton; t2ere are 3

0n"! o5 "e2y"raton 722 are m#"9 mo"erate an" !e4ere; 72en t2e

on"ton 2a! 8eome !e4ere t2ey m2t #o!t t2er #5e; ot2er t2an 5or

2uman to "rn0 7ater 2a! many u!ae; t an 8e u!e" 5or n"u!tra# 7or09

tran!portaton9 rereaton an" aru#ture;

7ater un"eroe! rotaton a##e" ?ater =y#e; In t2! !enaro 7ater

5rom t2e oean e4aporate9 t mo4e to t2e atmo!p2ere an" t2en on"en!e"

nto #ou"!; A5ter !e4era# tme! 72en t2e #ou" an no #oner arry t2e

amount o5 7ater9 t2e #ou" re#ea!e! t n t2e 5orm o5 ran; t2e 7ater 5rom

t2e ran a8!or8e" 8y t2e roun" 8eome an" un"erroun" 5#o7 722 7##

8e "!tr8ute" to !prn!9 r4er!9 #a0e!9 or on 8a0 to t2e oean;

;



2&4&2 'aste Mana.e3ent

7a!te manaement ! e4ery at4te! an" aton! reCure" to manae

7a!te 5rom t! nepton to t! 5na# "!po!a# T2! n#u"e! amon!t ot2er

t2n!9 o##eton9 tran!port9 treatment an" "!po!a# o5 7a!te toet2er 7t2

montorn an" reu#aton; It a#!o enompa!!e! t2e #ea# an" reu#atory

5rame7or0 t2e re#ate! to 7a!te manaement enompa!!n u"ane on

rey#n;

7a!te manaement 2a4e 3 8a! prnp#e 722 ! REDUCE, REUSE,

RECYCLE ; n Re"ue a! t2e name mp#e! 7e mnm6e t2e pro"uton o5

7a!te9 n Reu!e t2e 7a!te 7## 8e #eane" up or !ant6e" to 8e u!e" a!

aan9 n Rey#e t2e 7a!te are 8en turne" nto ra7 matera# aan 722

t2en 7## 8e u!e" a! a 72o#e ne7 pro"ut;

t2ere are !o many 7ay! t2at an 8e u!e" to "!po!e 7a!te9 8e#o7 are

t2e e<amp#e o5 t:

• Rey#n : Some o5 t2e matera# an 8e rey#e" nto ne7

pro"ut!;

• Port#an" =ement : T2! treatment ! ement 8a!e" !o#"5aton

an" !ta8#6aton

• Inneraton : n t2! a!e !ome o5 t2e 2a6ar"ou! 7a!te an 8e

8urne" a! enery !oure!

• Lan"5## : ! t2e mo!t ommon treatment 5or t2e 2a6ar"ou!

7a!te9 t ! "e5ne" a! "!po!a# 5a#ty 72ere a## t2e 2a6ar"ou!

matera# 7ere p#ae" on a #an";

• Pyro#y!! : 2a6ar"ou! 7a!te ! e#mnate" n an u#tra 22

temperature e#etra# ar



2& 'e as Te Mana.er o/ %o6a nviron3ent

2&&1 nviron3enta Heat7 Potion7 And To8ioo.

Po##uton ! t2e ntro"uton o5 ontamnant! nto t2e natura#

en4ronment t2at au!e a"4er!e 2ane; Po##uton an ta0e t2e 5orm o5

2ema# !u8!tane! or enery9 !u2 a! no!e9 2eat or #2t; Po##utant!9 t2e

omponent! o5 po##uton9 an 8e et2er 5oren !u8!tane!Denere! or

natura##y ourrn ontamnant!;

T2e e55et o5 po##uton ! 4ery a55etn 2uman 2ea#t2 an" a#mo!t

e4ery part o5 t2e 2uman 8o"y an 8e a55ete";

2&&2 %ro9t in H3an Popation

ro7t2 n 2uman popu#aton an a#!o 8e on!"ere" a! a 8a!

en4ronment pro8#em! 8eau!e t2ere 2a! 8een a #ot o5 popu#aton on t2e

eaart29 an" ea2 o5 t2at peop#e ! 4ery "epen"ene to t2e mo"ern

te2no#oy 72 an reate a 8 e55et on t2e en4ronment an" nature;

urrent#y mo!t o5 t2e en4ronmenta# "amae on t2e eart2 au!e" 8y

o4err7ot2 o5 2uman popu#ton9 7t2 te a8#ty to 2ane t2e en4ronment;

2&5 'e as te In/rastr:tre Mana.er

In5ra!truture ! a 0ey pont o5 72at ! 4ery e!!enta# 5or u! In"one!an

to ma0e our ountry #ea4e t2e urrent #e4e# nto t2e 22er !tan"ar"9 to

ma0e u! par 7t2 ountre! t2at 7e an !ay ! n a 22er #e4e# t2an u!;

In5ra!truture ! 8a!a##y a## t2e 5a#te! $t2at an 8e 8u#t+ t2at a ountry

ou#" 4e to t! peop#e9 !omet2n t2at ma0e! t2e peop#e o5 t2e !a"ountry 2a4e an ea!er #5e; ?2at "55er! n5ra!truture 5rom ot2er

o4ernment po#y ! t2at n5ra!truture are ma"e 8y 8r0! an" mortar!;

T2ey are !omet2n rea#9 an o8.et o5 !ome !ort!; For e<amp#e9 t2e mo!t

ommon an" 4ta# n5ra!truture ! roa"; Roa" nrea!e! t2e mo8#ty o5 t2e



t6en9 ma0n t2em a8#e to rea2 p#ae! t2at t2ey 2a4e not rea2e" 8e5ore9

t ! t2e 0ey o5 ne7 opportunte!; T2at ! 72y In"one!a ! !t## t2r4n to

"o t! 8e!t n pro4"n oo" tran!portaton n5ra!truture9 e!pea##y roa"

5or t! peop#e;

In t2! a!e9 7e 2a4e to manae t #0e =2na; Ten! o5 t2ou!an"!

0#ometer! o5 roa" an" 227ay 2a! 8een 8u#t t2rou2out =2na n a 4ery

#mte" amount o5 tme; T2! ! 4ery apprea8#e9 5 not 4ery mpre!!4e; In

manan t! n5ra!truture9 In"one!a 2a4e to ta0e =2na a! e<amp#e9 or

n!praton e4en; T2e e55ort t2at t2e =2ne!e o4ernment 2a! ta0en to

pro4"e t2e 8e!t to t2er peop#e ! .u!t !mp#y 7on"er5u#; T2ey a#!o 8u#t

t2ou!an"! o5 2o!pta# an" !2oo#! aro!! t2er ountry; T2! ! 8eau!e t2e=2ne!e em8rae! a 8e#e4e t2at t2e 0ey to t2er naton "e4e#opment ! not

t2er o4ernment9 eonom9 !oa# !tan"ar"! or anyt2n o5 t2at; T2ey !t##

8e#e4e t2at t2e 0ey ! t2er peop#e; One t2ey 2a4e 4en !o mu2 to t2er

peop#e9 t2ey 8e#e4e t2at t2er peop#e 7## 4e 8a0 !omet2n reater out

o5 t2em;

No79 t2! ! 72at In"one!a !t## "oe! not 2a4e; In"one!a 2a4e not put

t! tru!t enou2 n t! peop#e; In manan n5ra!truture9 In"one!a ! !t##

a5ra" t2at one t2ey 2a4e 4en !o many to t! peop#e9 t2e peop#e 7## not

4e anyt2n 8a09 or e4en t2e peop#e 7## 8e !po#e" an" unpro"ut4e;

In"one!a 2a4e to #ea4e 8e2n" t2! !tereotype 72en t ome! to manan

n5ra!truture; In"one!a 2a4e to 8e#e4e t2e urrent eneraton an" t2e ne<t

eneraton ! "55erent t2an t2e pa!t9 t2at one 4en9 t2e peop#e 7## 4e

!omet2n 8a0; T2e peop#e 7## pro4"e !u!tana8#ty an" "e4e#op

!omet2n e4en more reater t2an 72at In"one!a 2a! e4er "reame" o5; T2e

0ey to manan a !u!tana8#e n5ra!truture n In"one!a ! a !yner an"

tru!t5u# re#aton!2p 8et7een t2e o4ernment o5 In"one!a an" t! peop#e;

One a2e4e"9 t2ere 7## 8e not2n t2at ! mpo!!8#e 5or In"one!a to

a2e4e an" ma0e t2er mar0 n t2e 7or#";



2&) 'e as Te Mana.er o/ Disaster and its Miti.ation

2&)&1 Natra Disaster ; Landside

In"one!a ! t2e p#ae 72ere #an"!#"e ourrene ! ommon; T2! !

"ue to ran!9 t2e n!ta8#ty o5 t2e !#ope t!e#59 an" t2e natura# "!a!ter 722

our! 5reCuent#y 8eau!e In"one!a! eorap2a# #oaton; Lan"!#"e an

a#!o 8e au!e" 8y 2uman aton!9 !u2 a! "e5ore!taton an" t2e !utonn

o5 roun"7ater;

Lan"!#"e an au!e toporap2y 2ane!9 n.ure! an" #o!! o5 #4e!9

an" ma.or 5nana# #o!!; T2ere are urrent#y no oran6aton t2at 2an"#e!

an" montor! #an"!#"e n In"one!a9 e4en t2ou2 t2ere ! one oran6aton

a##e" Ba"an Metro#o K#mato#o "an Geo5!0a $BMKG+ t2at on#y

2an"#e! t2e 5ator! t2at au!e! #an"!#"e !u2 a! 7eat2er9 ran9 an"

eart2Cua0e;

Terran In!ta8#ty9 722 ! t2e prmary au!e o5 #an"!#"e9 ! a

on"ton 72en t2e pu!2n 5ore o5 t2e !#ope ! mu2 #arer t2an t2e

retann 5ore; T2e pu!2n 5ore t!e#5 ! a om8naton o5 t2e an#e o5 t2e

!#ope9 7ater ontent o5 t2e !o#9 an" 7e2t! t2at enum8er! t2e !o#!

!ur5ae;

Lan"!#"e! an 8e pre4ente" 8y t7o mean!9 Me2ana# So#

Sta8#6aton an" Natura# So# Sta8#6aton; Me2ana# !ta8#6aton

n4o#4e! t2e u!e o5 Geote<t#e an" Geor"e9 an" natura# !ta8#6aton an

8e "one 8y a""n 4eetaton on t2e !#ope! t2at ou#" !trent2en t2e !o#

4a root!;

2&)&2 Disaster Miti.ation

A "!a!ter an ta0e many "55erent 5orm!9 an" t2e "uraton an rane

5rom an 2our#y "!rupton9 to "ay! or 7ee0! o5 onon "e!truton; In



enera#9 "!a!ter ! "4"e" nto / type!: Natura# -!a!ter ! a type o5

"!a!ter t2at ! au!e" 8y natura# p2enomenon an" Manma"e -!a!ter ! a

type o5 "!a!ter t2at ! ntate" 8y 2uman aton!9 !ome notorou! e<amp#e

o5 t2! ! B2opa# an" =2erno8y# In"ent;

Mtaton ! t2e e55ort to re"ue #o!! o5 #5e an" property 8y #e!!enn

t2e mpat o5 "!a!ter!; In or"er 5or mtaton to 8e e55et4e 7e nee" to

ta0e aton a! !oon a! po!!8#e9 !u2 a! 8e5ore t2e "!a!ter 2appen!9 to

re"ue 2uman an" 5nana# on!eCuene! #ater; It ! mportant to 0no7 t2at

"!a!ter! an 2appen anytme an" at any p#ae an" 5 7e are unprepare"9

on!eCuene! an 8e 5ata#;

An e55et4e mtaton reCure! t2at 7e 2a4e t2e un"er!tan"n o5 #oa# r!0! 8y ana#y6n t9 a""re!!n an" re"un t2e r!09 an" n4e!t n

#onterm ommunty 7e##8en; Beau!e 7t2out mtaton aton!9 7e

are .eopar"6n our !a5ety9 5nana# !eurty an" !e#5re#ane;

T2e t2ree man pont! o5 -!a!ter Mtaton !: Kno7n an"

Montorn t2e R!0 o5 -!a!ter Re"un -!a!ter R!0! $pre4enton9

!trutura# aton! 8y ma0n p2y!a# 8u#"n! n or"er to pre4ent or

re"ue t2e mpat+9 non!trutura# aton!9 reatn reu#aton!9 an"

e"uatn ommunty to t2e potenta# o5 "!a!ter an" #a!t#y9 Emereny

Re!pon!e Rea"ne!! $enera# rea"ne!!9 ontneny p#an!9 an" re2ear!a#!

5or "!a!ter+;

2&)&4 8traordinar vent or Disaster

E<traor"nary e4ent mean! t2e emerene or appearane o5 an

n"ene o5 mor8"ty an" morta#ty an"Dor t2e nrea!n an n"ene o5

mor8"ty an" morta#ty t2at ! !n5ant#y ep"emo#oy n a popu#aton

roup 7t2n a ertan tme; P#aue $an E<tra or"nary E4ent+ ! t2e

nrea!e n n"ene o5 mor8"ty an" morta#ty9 722 ! e<pan"n

rap"#y 8ot2 n t2e num8er o5 a!e! a! 7e## a! t2e area o5 t2e "!ea!e;



P#aue on!!t o5 n5etou! "!ea!e!9 5oo" po!onn9 to<ty o5

2a6ar"ou! matera#!9 et etera; -etrmenta# e55et! o5 t2! e4ent n#u"e!

!0ne!! an" morta#ty9 an" t2e mpat on t2e eonom !etor $5or t2e

mtaton o!t+ an" tour!m9 an" 2a! t2e potenta# to !prea" 7"e#y aro!!

t2e reon! or e4en nternatona##y; T2! an #ea" to a ma!!4e ata!trop2e;

Ot2er 0n"! o5 e<tra or"nary e4ent!: T2e emerene or appearane o5

an n5etou! "!ea!e t2at pre4ou!#y "" not e<!t or 7a! not 0no7n; For

e<amp#e t2e MERS Vru! 5rom M""#e Ea!t9 722 "oe! not e<!te"

pre4ou!#y9 !u""en#y emere! an" n5et! 2un"re"t2ou!an"! o5 peop#e;

"HAPTR III

RLATI$N#HIP BT'N TH L#PB AND TH ARTI"L

4&1 Arti:e "-2

Baamana Menata In"one!aJ

?#aya2 In"one!a9 ter8entan "ar Pu#au ?e2 !ampa Papua9 "enan

!e.um#a2 pu#au 8e!ar maupun pu#aupu#au 0e#; Ke0ayaan !um8er "aya

a#am9 8a0 2ayat maupun non2ayat9 yan me#mpa2 8e#um mampu

menye.a2tera0an ra0yat !eara menye#uru2; -#2at "ar !! !um8er "aya

manu!a9 a"a 8anya0 ma!a#a2 yan 2aru! "2a"ap 8an!a In"one!a; Sa#a2

!atunya pro8#em 0e!e2atan; A02ra02r n9 munu# 8er8aa penya0t9 yan

"pu o#e2 a!upan ma0anan yan t"a0 !e2at !epert ane0a !ayuran "an 8ua2

yan menan"un re!"u pe!t!"a9 ane0a ma0anan yan menan"un

pena7et 8er8a2aya9 ane0a ma0anan yan menan"un pe7arna to0!0

$pe7arna at9 pe7arna te0!t# yan "una0an untu0 pe7arna ma0anan+;

=onto29 8aru8aru n "0eta2u a"a pa8r0 !au! yan menuna0an pe7arna



at9 atau n"u!tr ruma2 tana yan meno#a2 0u#t atau 00# men.a"

0erupu0 0u#t9menuna0an 5orma#n; Penya0t .ua "apat munu# a08at

penunaan 0o!met0 yan menan"un 8a2an 8er8a2aya; Per!oa#an

0e!e2atan pun .ua ".umpa " #n0unan; Artnya #n0unan yan t"a0

!e2at 8a0 tana29 ar9 maupun u"ara yan teremar; Ln0unan yan t"a0

!e2at a0an 8er"ampa0 pa"a manu!a atau oran!me yan #an "an u.un

u.unnya a0an 8er"ampa0 pa"a 0et"a0 !em8anan e0o!!tem;

Kr!! #n0unan .ua te#a2 ter.a" " 8e8erapa 7#aya2 !epert "

Pu#au .a7a; Pu#au >a7a 8era"a " am8an 0r!!9 "aya "u0un #n0unannya

!u"a2 men02a7atr0an; Namun9 .n penam8anan ma!2 "8er0an "enanmenon4er! "aera2 tan0apan ar9 2utan9 "an 0a7a!an pertanan; -ar /&&3 @

/&%39 .n u!a2a pertam8anan " .a7a menapa %&&&an "enan tota# 7#aya2

yan a0an "0on4er! ,)%;3)( 2a; >um#a2 tu 8e#um terma!u0 #a2an yan

"0ua!a 8#o0 mnya09 !er8uan 8aru pa8r0 !emen9 e0!tra0! peru!a2aan ar9

0on4er! untu0 propert "an 0a7a!an n"u!tr 8aru9 !erta n5ra!tru0tur n"u!tr

nterna!ona# !epert pe#a8u2an =#amaya; Kon4er! #a2an 8e!ar8e!aran

tu9mem8uat !tua! >a7a 0e "epan "apat "pa!t0an ma0n mener0an "an

!anat rentan 0on5#0; -ata Kompa! /&%,9menun.u00an !e.um#a2 peru!a2aan

!emen "ar "a#am "an #uar neer te#a2 "an !ap ma!u0 " >a7a9 " antaranya

Sam =ement $T2a#an"+ " >a7a 8arat9 Semen Mera2 Put2 $?#mar+ "

8anten9 U#trate2 " ?onor9 "an >u S2n In"one!a " >a7a Barat; A"apun

!emen Puer a0an 8eropera! " >em8er9 "an !emen Pana!a " >a7a tena2;

Be#um9 yan a0an ma!u0 0e Luar >a7a; Pa"a2a#9 RP>MN $Renana

pem8anunan >an0a Menena2 Na!ona#+ /&%*/&% menata0an

pem8anunan 2aru! ""oron untu0 menn0at0an 0e"au#atan panan9 t"a0

8o#e2 meru!a0 "aya "u0un #n0unan "an menanu 0e!em8anan

e0o!!tem; >a7a9 t"a0 2anya "8e8an n"u!tr e0!tra0t59 tetap .ua

0epa"atan pen"u"u0 yan menapa %;&*) .7a per 0m "enan 8anunan !erta

e"un yan !ema0n t"a0 teratur "an t"a0 !e2at; Le82 "ar *& pen"u"u0



In"one!a tna# " Pu#au >a7a; Pro8#em 8atu a00 pun9 2aru! "ermat9

!e8a8 "apat 8er"ampa0 pa"a o4ere0!p#ota! 8a2an tam8an;

4&2 Reation Bet9een L#PB and Arti:e

4&2&1 Reation 9it L#PB 1

A5ter I rea" t2e art#e an" I un"er!tan" t2e man pro8#em!

an" onenta# pro8#em! t2at 7ou#" onern u!; T2at 4eeta8#e!

ontamnate" 8y pept!"a 72o 7## enter t2e 8o"y 7## #ea" to

po!onn9 8ran an" ner4e "!or"er!9 "arr2ea an" mmune "!or"er;

T2e mo!t popu#ar u!e o5 5orma#n ! 5or em8a#mn "ea" 8o"e! at t2e

mortuare!; A !2ot o5 *&m# to /&&m# ! enou2 to pre!er4e a "ea"

8o"y at #ea!t 5or a !2ort pero"; T2e !tan"ar" "o!e9 2o7e4er 5or 5<n

t2e 8o"y o5 an a"u#t ! *&&m# to %&&&m#!9 t2at ! 2a#5 a #ter to a #ter;

Forma#n ! t2e aCueou! !o#uton o5 Forma#"e2y"e9 a 22#y

to< 2ema# ompoun" 7t2 t2e 5ormu#a =H/O; It ! t2e !mp#e!t

a#"e2y"e9 722 an 8e o8tane" 5rom t! y# trmer tro<ane an"

t2e po#ymer para5orma#"e2y"e; A %&& per ent 5orma#n !o#uton

on!!t! o5 a !aturate" !o#uton o5 5orma#"e2y"e $t2! ! a8out ,& 8y

4o#ume or 3) 8y ma!!+ n 7ater9 7t2 a !ma## amount o5 !ta8#!er9

u!ua##y met2ano# to #mt o<"aton an" po#ymer!aton; T2e me"a#

e<pert! !ay 5orma#n an au!e! "!or"er! n t2e ora# a4ty9 t2e

a!tronte!tna# trat9 #4er9 0"ney9 #un9 2eart9 an" t2e entra#

ner4ou! !y!tem n t2e ear#y p2a!e o5 reaton;

T2e Art5a# F#a4ourn! 72y t ! u!e"J Beau!e =2eap

2ema# m<ture! t2at mm natura# 5#a4or!; But t2ey ""nt

on!"ere" 5or t2e reaton t2! 2ema#! 5 ontat 7t2 our 8o"y9

t2e r!0 are #n0e" to a##er reaton!9 "ermatt!9 e6ema9

2yperat4ty an" a!t2ma an" an a55et en6yme!9 RNA an" t2yro";

An" !ometme! peop#e ta0e a"4antae o5 t2! to nrea!e



tra"n pro5t! 7t2out on!"eraton o5 t2e re!u#t! an" t2e

on!eCuene! t 7## 2a4e on t2er on!umer!; T2e mportant t2n !

2o7 to et oo" re!u#t! n 4arou! 7ay!; T2n! #0e t2! are ommon

n In"one!a a! tra"er! an" 5armer! n In"one!a are a#!o not ettn

2eap apta# to !e## to on!umer! an" 5ore" to "o !omet2n #0e

t2! to et ma<mum pro5t;


Un"ret#y 7t2 oo" 2ea#t2 en4ronment t2e #5e e<petany

near t2e n5ete" area ou#" 8e 22er t2an 8e5ore; An" a#!o t2e oo"

pu8# 2ea#t2 !er4e too; In5ete" area #0e to#" n art#e are

2a6ar"ou! area9 t ou#" n5ete" 2uman an" ma0e many "!ea!e!

722 ! 4ery not 2ea#t2y; Pu8# 2ea#t2 !er4e 2a! to 8e 8etter; An" 5

t! nee"e" t2ey 2a4e to mo4e to 8etter area; In n"one!a9 #5e

e<petany ! a8out )& year! o#"9 8ut t! an a4erae natona# #5e

e<petany; Ana#y6n trou2 t2e "ata t2at t2e 22e!t #5e e<petany

! 5rom .a0arta9 an" 5o##o7e" 8y ot2er ty; T2ere are !o many 5ator!

t2at a55etn 22 #5e e<petany n .a0arta !u2 a! oo" e"uatonan" a#!o oo" pu8# 2ea#t2 !er4e an" any ot2er t2n!; ?t2 t2e 8a"

!an!taton9 !ome area 7## 8e !tate" a! "!ea!e! !oure9 an" t 7##

ma0e t2e en4ronment !o un2ea#t2y9 a#!o re#ate" 7t2 t2e 8a" 2o!un

!tan"ar"!9 !u2 a! no 4ent#aton9 t2e ar 7ont 8e 2ane"Dnot 5re!2;

An" t2e o<yen 7## not ome 5rom out!"e;


In t2e art#e In"one!a! #ean 7ater !upp#y 0eep "erea!n

8eau!e o5 7a!te t2at po##utn t2e r4er an" #an" t2at 7a! u!e" a! a

7ater 5#traton 7a! on4erte" nto 2ou!e! an" n"u!try9 t2ere are !t##

!o many a!e! a8out en4ronment po##uton 8y 7a!te9 Ma!!4e



In"u!tra#6aton n In"one!a m2t au!e t2e nrea!e n pro"uton o5

Ha6ar"ou! 7a!te; t2! art#e !2o7 t2at t2e r!! o5 en4ronment n

In"one!a ! man#y au!e" 8y t2e nrea!e o5 n"u!tra#6aton n

In"one!a t2! a#!o !2o7 t2at t2e en4ronment manaement n

In"one!a ! !t## #a0n 8eau!e o5 t2e mnmum a7arene!! o5 t2e

peop#e a8out t2er en4ronment;

4&2& Reation 9it L#PB

In t2e art#e9 t !a" t2at many 5oo" n n"one!a an" many

!tu55! t2at 7ere u!e" n "a#y #5e are u!n 2ema#! t2at ontan

to<ty t2at ! "anerou! 5or 2uman 722 an au!e !0ne!! or e4en

"eat2;

t2e art#e a#!o menton t2at t2e ro7t2 o5 2uman

popu#aton n n"one!a m2t trere" t2e ma!!4e n"u!tra#6aton

on .a4a !#an"; t2! an reate !o many en4ronmenta# "amae n

n"one!a; 5or e<amp#e t2e ma!!4e n"u!tra#6aton an 8e a 2ue

ontr8utor to ar po##uton;


In t2e art#e9 t 4ery #ear#y !een t2at t2ere are !o many

norret prate! t2at ou#" #e" to In"one!a 5ar 8e2n" n t! e55ort to

rea2 !u!tana8#e n5ra!truture; Su!tana8#e n5ra!truture are

!omet2n t2at ! 7e## p#anne"9 an" 7e ou#" rea##y !ee t2at t2e

e<amp#e! o5 t2e 7aana ! not 7e## p#anne" at a##; One !omet2n !

not 7e## p#anne"9 o5 our!e t 7## not rea2 t2e !eon" m#e!tone o5

a2e4n !u!tana8#e n5ra!truture9 722 ! !u!tana8#e "e4e#opment;

Su!tana8#e "e4e#opment mean! tryn to e<eute t2e p#an

o5 t2e on!truton n a 4ery e55ent manner9 an" o5 our!e eo



5ren"#y; One a pro.et ! not p#anne" to 8e !u!tana8#e9 5or e<amp#e

t2e ##ea# mnn n t2e 7aana9 t2e "e4e#opment ! not on to 8e

!u!tana8#e to; T2! ! 4ery 2arm5u# 8ot2 to t2e en4ronment9 an" t2e

7e## 8en o5 e4ery 2uman n4o#4e" n t; I5 t ! !u!tana8#e9 a mne !

a 4ery reat !oure o5 nome 5or t2e reon an" e4en t2e naton9 an" t

ou#" open t2e .o8 opportunte! to t2e #oa#;

It ! a terr8#e trut2 t2at 5 t2e 5r!t !tep ! not a2e4e" n

or"er to rea2 !u!tana8#e n5ra!truture9 t2e re!t o5 t 7## o "o7n

too; In"one!a 2a4e to ret2n0 t! po#e! n "e4e#opn t!

n5ra!truture; In"one!a nee"! !u!tana8#e n5ra!truture more t2an

ot2er ountre!9 an" t2! t2n nee"! to 8e ta0en are o5 a! 5a!t a! tou#";

4&2&) Reation 9it L#PB )

T2e art#e menton! a8out t2e 2ea#t2 r!! n In"one!a9

!pe5a##y >a4a I!#an"9 722 !tem! 5rom un2yen9 an"

8o#oa##y enneere" 5oo"! a! 7e## a! rop! t2at u!e 2ema#! a! an

antpe!t mea!ure; T2e 5oo"! t2at 2a4e t2o!e trat! are u!ua##y #a8e##e"a! noran an" are 2eaper t2an t2er oran ounterpart;

S6ea8#e num8er o5 5oo"! are a#!o ntentona##y 4en 2ema#

o#orn to mpro4e t2e appea#9 or 4en 5orma#n 5or pre!er4aton

722 are "etrmenta# 5or 2uman 8o"y; Anot2er au!e 5or 2ea#t2 r!!

! t2e un2ea#t2y en4ronment 8e t !o#9 7ater9 or e4en po##ute" ar;

T2! ! "ue to #a0 o5 4eetaton e!pea##y n run"o7n ty en4ronme;

T2! ! re#ate" to t2e FG&'! LSPB a8out e<traor"nary e4ent9

722 ! P#aue9 an 8e ntate" 5 e<treme mea!ure! aan!t t2e

2ea#t2 r!! n In"one!a ! not ta0en; A! 7e a## an !ee9 8atera 5rom

t2e un2ea#t2y 5oo"! or t2e en4ronment an 8e tran!mtte" nto 2uman

8o"y9 an" t2en 8et7een 2uman!; T2e ontaou! nature o5 t2e 8atera



ou#" on#y mean t2e !prea"out 7## on#y nrea!e e<ponenta##y 8y

tme;

"HAPTR I(

"$N"LU#I$N

Human a! t2e manaer o5 nature an" en4ronment !2ou#" 8e t2e one to

pre!er4e9 mantan9 an" reoran6e t2! nature; 2o7e4er t2e 5at! pro4e ot2er7!e; a!

7e an !ee 5rom t2e art#e a8o4e9 t2e en4ronmenta# r!! n n"one!a 0eep!

nrea!n; 7t2out t2n0n t2e "etrmenta# e55et t2at ou#" 2appen to t2e !oety

t2ey 0eep e<p#ot t2e natura# re!oure! n t2er p#ae9 reatn m8a#ane! n t2e

nature !y!tem; t2e ro7t2 n 2uman popu#aton an" ma!!4e n"u!tra#6aton 8ot2 are

2ue ontr8utor! to en4ronmenta# r!! 2appenn n In"one!a;



BIBILI$%RAPH*

2ttp:DD777;me"nenet;omD2ea#t2y#4nDart#e;2tm

2ttp:DD777;2ea#t2ypeop#e;o4D/&/&Dtop!o8.et4e!DtopDen4ronmenta#2ea#t2

Gore A; Popu#aton9 n: Our 2oe A p#an to !o#4e t2e #mate r!!; Ne7 or0:

Ro"a#e /&&;

Ke##er EA9 Bot0n -B; En4ronmenta# Hea#t29 Po##uton9 an" To<o#oy; In:

E!!enta# En4ronmenta# Sene; USA: >o2n ?#ey !on!9 In; /&&(;

Lan"!#"e! An" Enneere" S#ope!: From t2e Pa!t to t2e Future9 Proee"n! O5 T2e

Tent2 Internatona# Sympo!um On Lan"!#"e! An" Enneere" S#ope!9 3& >une@,

>u#y9 /&&(9 an9 =2na‟

2ttp!:DD777;5ema;o4D72atmtaton

2ttp:DD777;#4e!ene;omD//)/(po##uton5at!;2tm#

makalah mpktb hg-3 cl-2

Documents