School Bag

Compiler :

Ahmad Syahid Zakaria

Julia Eka Citra

Mutia Tri Ramadhian

Nabila Qisthina

Reshinta Ananda

Rizky Intan Prazna Putri

Department :

Industrial Engineering

Statement of Authorship

We the undersigned declare that the following paper is purely our own work. No work

of others that we use without mentioning the source. This paper has never been used or

presented for other assignment. We understand that this paper may be reproduced and or

communicated for the purpose of detecting plagiarism.

Name: Ahmad Syahid Zakaria Name: Julia Eka Citra

NPM: 1406531454 NPM:

Signature: Signature:

Title of paper: School Bag Title of Paper: School Bag

Date: Date:

Subject: Engineering Materials Subject: Engineering Materials

Name: Mutia Tri Ramadhian Name: Nabilla Qisthina

NPM : 1406531366 NPM: 1406564490

Signature: Signature:

Title of paper: School Bag Title of Paper: School Bag

Date: Date:

Subject: Engineering Materials Subject: Engineering Materials

Name: Reshinta Ananda Name: Rizky Intan Prazna Putri

NPM : 1406531271 NPM : 1406531435

Signature: Signature:

Title of paper: School Bag Title of Paper: School Bag

Date: Date:

Subject: Engineering Materials Subject: Engineering Materials

Preface

First at all, give thanks for God’s love and grace for us. Thanks to God for helping me

and give me chance to finish this assignment timely. And I would like to say thank you to Mr.

Wahyuaji N. Saputra and Mrs. Bondan T. Sofyan as the lecturer that always teaches us and

gives much knowledge about Introduction about Materials Engineering.

This assignment 6 is the one of Introduction about Materials Engineering task that

composed of paper about Polymer especially that used to make school bags. I realized this

assignment is not perfect. But I hope it can be useful for us. Critics and suggestion is needed

here to make this assignment be better. Hopefully we as a student of Industrial Engineering

can work more professional by using English as the second language whatever we done.

Last but not least, we want to say sorry if there isn’t much information about the

school bag. We hope that this paper will give more informatiom about school bag.

Depok, 27 November 2014

Author

Table of Contents

Cover Paper.........................................................................................................................

Statement of Authorship......................................................................................................

Preface.................................................................................................................................

Table of Contents.................................................................................................................

Chapter I Introduction.........................................................................................................

A. General.....................................................................................................................

B. Purpose....................................................................................................................

C. Problem Formulation...............................................................................................

D. Objectives of This Writer........................................................................................

Chapter II Discussion..........................................................................................................

A. The type and major properties of the materials, which compose the school bag....

B. The manufacturing process of the school bag.........................................................

C. The range of basic price of the school bag..............................................................

D. The companies that make the school bag................................................................

Chapter III Conclusion........................................................................................................

References...........................................................................................................................

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

A. General

B. Purpose

Our purpose in discussing this matter is

C. Problem Formulation

1. What is the type and major properties of school bag?

2. What is the manufacturing process of the school bag?

3. What is the range of basic price of school bag?

4. What is the companies that make the school bag?

D. Objectives of This Write

1. To explain the type and major properties of the school bag

2. To explain the manufacturing process of the school bag

3. To explain the range of basic price of the school bag

4. To tell the companies that make school bag.

Chapter II

DISCUSSION

A. The type and major properties of the materials, which compose the school bag

A school book bag must support more weight than a hand bag and provide adequate

wear resistance to survive the school environment for at least a couple of semesters.

The most common materials chosen for this design are natural or polymer fabrics:

nylon and polyvinylchloride (PVC) are examples.

Type: Nylon and Polyvinylchloride (PVC)

Major Properties:

1. Nylon

General Properties:

Variation of luster:

nylon has the ability to

be very lustrous, semi

lustrous or dull.

Durability: high tenacity

fibers

High elongation

Excellent abrasion resistance

Highly resilient (nylon fabrics are heat-set)

Density 1.15 g/cm3

Electrical Conductivity

(σ)10−12 Siemens (unit)/m

Thermal Conductivity 0.25 Watt/ (m.Kelvin)

Melting Point

463–624 Kelvin

190–350 °Celcius

374–663 °Fahrenheit

Paved the way for easy-care garments

High resistance to insects, fungi, animals, as well as molds, mildew, rot and

many chemicals

Melts instead of burning

Good specific strength

Transparent to infrared light (−12dB)

1. Polyvinylchloride (PVC)

Major properties:

a. Physical properties

PVC is a thermoplastic polymer. Its properties are usually categorized based on rigid

and flexible PVCs.

Property Rigid PVC Flexible PVC

Density [g/cm3] 1.3–1.45 1.1–1.35

Thermal Conductivity [W/(m.Kelvin)] 0.14–0.28 0.14–0.17

Yield strength[psi] 4500–8700 1450–3600

Young’s modulus [psi] 490,000

Flexural strength (yield) [psi] 10,500

Compression strength[psi] 9500

Coefficient of thermal expansion (linear) [mm/(mm

°C)]

5×10−5

Vicat B[°C] 65–100 Not recommended

Resistivity [Ω m] 1016 1012–1015

Sheet resistance [Ω] 1013–1014 1011–1012

b. Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties

Elongation at break 20–40%

Notch test 2–5 Kilojoule/m2

Glass transition temperature 82 oC

Melting Point 100–260 °C

Effective heat of combustion 17.95 MJ/kg

Specific Heat Capacity (c) 0.9 Joule/Kilogram.Kelvin

Water absorption (ASTM) 0.04–0.4

Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 40 V/m

c. Thermal and fire properties

The heat stability of raw PVC is very poor, so the addition of a heat stabilizer during

the process is necessary in order to ensure the product's properties. PVC starts to

decompose when the temperature reaches 140 °C, with melting temperature starting

around 160 °C. The linear expansion coefficient of rigid PVC is small and has good

flame retardancy, the Limiting oxygen (LOI) being up to 45 or more. The LOI is the

minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as a percentage that will support

combustion of a polymer and noting that air has 20% content of oxygen.

d. Electrical properties

PVC is a polymer with good insulation properties, but because of its higher

polar nature the electrical insulating property is inferior to non-polar polymers

such as Polyethylene and Polypropylene.

Since the dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent value, and volume resistivity

are high, the corona resistance is not very good, and it is generally suitable for

medium or low voltage and low frequency insulation materials.

B. The manufacturing process of the school bag

The process starts with the identification of cloth and design of bags. The raw

materials are nylon polyester fabric that shaped like sheet. Fabric is arranged in layers

& cut according to the product pattern followed by stitching. The most common

joining method used for fabrics is stitching. Stitching is a very versatile and fast

process, though selecting the thread, fabric layup and stitching the pattern are skilled

design processes. All the body parts such as front back body, gusset, and handle of a

bag are stitched together in stitching machine. Embroidery or other accessories like

chain, button etc. is fixed after stitching. Finally, after stitching the finished bags are

quality checked for any kind of errors. If any error is found then it is mended &

rectified. After that the product is clean before packaging.

Cutting the raw materials according to design.

Stitching

C. The range of basic price of the school bag

A school book bag must support more weight than a hand bag and provide adequate

wear resistance to survive the school environment for at least a couple of years.In

addition, the design and materials are also becoming the one of the most important

reasons when buying a bag. However, the price will be growing as well as the good

quality of the bags. In this case, the most common materials chosen for this design are

natural or polymer fabrics: canvas (usually cotton-based), nylon and

polyvinylchloride (PVC) are examples.

This is the list price of the bag based materials:

Nylon Rp380.000

PVC Rp70.000

Polyester Rp290.000

PU leather Rp180.000

D. The companies that make the school bag

VF Corporation from USA that makes Jansport since 1967

Exsport from Bandung, Indonesia

Kipling that usually made from nylon was founded in Belgia and under VF

Corporation

Eastpak from Boston, USA and under VF Corporation

Dakine from Hawai, USA

Chapter III

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

www.jutebags.com.au/manufacturing-process/bags

www.materials.eng.cam.ac.uk/mpsite/short/OCR/bags/

www.alicegordenker.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/cutting.jpg

www. Nstfdc.nic.in/userfiles/school_bags(1).pdf

www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd

www.youtube.com/watch?v=SN83EJK4O50

www.g04.s.alicdn.com/kf/HT16dIJFI8cXXagOFbXb/201995348/HT16dIJFI8cXXagOFbXb.jpg