Managing Disease and Managing Disease and

ParasitesParasites

Agricultural Science - Dairy IndustryAgricultural Science - Dairy Industry Mr. WeaverMr. Weaver

Signs of Good Health Signs of Good Health

1.1. Content animals free from anxiety. Content animals free from anxiety. 2.2. Normal feces and urine should be seen. Normal feces and urine should be seen. 3.3. Monitor body temperature, respiration, and pulse Monitor body temperature, respiration, and pulse

rate.rate.4.4. Alertness can be judged by checking if an animal Alertness can be judged by checking if an animal

perks its ears when you draw near.perks its ears when you draw near.5.5. The skin and coat of most animals.The skin and coat of most animals.6.6. The animal’s eyes should be bright and their The animal’s eyes should be bright and their

membranes pinkish.membranes pinkish.7.7. One of the easiest things to notice is when cattle One of the easiest things to notice is when cattle

go off feed. All healthy cattle should eat go off feed. All healthy cattle should eat aggressively when fed and ruminants should be aggressively when fed and ruminants should be seen chewing their cud.seen chewing their cud.

Signs of Poor HealthSigns of Poor Health

1.1. When animals stray off by themselves When animals stray off by themselves 2.2. Hold their head downHold their head down3.3. Lower production of milkLower production of milk4.4. A rough-looking dull hair coat A rough-looking dull hair coat 5.5. Skin that stays up when pinchedSkin that stays up when pinched6.6. Discolored feces or urineDiscolored feces or urine7.7. Glassy eyesGlassy eyes8.8. Walks slowlyWalks slowly9.9. Difficulty getting up Difficulty getting up

Animals to HumansAnimals to Humans

A.A. ZoonosesZoonoses are diseases that are diseases that animals can transmit to humans.animals can transmit to humans.

► Some of the diseases include:Some of the diseases include: 1. Tuberculosis1. Tuberculosis 2. Anthrax2. Anthrax 3. Rabies3. Rabies 4. Brucellosis (Bangs)4. Brucellosis (Bangs) 5. Nine Mile Fever (Q Fever)5. Nine Mile Fever (Q Fever) 6. Parasites like Ringworm6. Parasites like Ringworm

Humans to AnimalsHumans to Animals

► Three kinds of diseases can go from Three kinds of diseases can go from humans to animals.humans to animals.

1.1. Protozoa infectionsProtozoa infections like the animal parasite that like the animal parasite that causes amoebic dysentery can be shared. causes amoebic dysentery can be shared.

2.2. Bacterial infectionsBacterial infections like the streptococcus that like the streptococcus that causes scarlet fever in humans can be passed to an causes scarlet fever in humans can be passed to an animal and then produce large problems when animal and then produce large problems when humans consume milk or other products. humans consume milk or other products.

3.3. Viral infectionsViral infections are being researched closely for are being researched closely for more shared ailments between humans and more shared ailments between humans and animals.animals.

Contagious or Non-Contagious or Non-ContagiousContagious

1.1. ContagiousContagious diseases are usually caused by diseases are usually caused by bacteria or viruses. They spread from bacteria or viruses. They spread from animal to animal by simple contact or animal to animal by simple contact or shared facilities. shared facilities.

2.2. Diseases that are Diseases that are not contagiousnot contagious, like , like scurvy, are sometimes caused by a vitamin scurvy, are sometimes caused by a vitamin or mineral deficiency. Other causes may be or mineral deficiency. Other causes may be ingestion of metal, poisonous plants, or ingestion of metal, poisonous plants, or open wounds the animal may have. open wounds the animal may have.

Symptoms Specific to Symptoms Specific to DiseaseDisease

1. Animal losing fetus1. Animal losing fetus

2. Shaking2. Shaking

3. Coughing3. Coughing

4. Poor growth or 4. Poor growth or decrease in decrease in productionproduction

5. Rough coat5. Rough coat

Normal Vital Signs of Farm Normal Vital Signs of Farm AnimalsAnimals

ParasitesParasites

1.1. Internal parasitesInternal parasites are ones that live are ones that live inside the animal like flukes and inside the animal like flukes and roundworms. roundworms.

2.2. External parasitesExternal parasites are ones that live are ones that live outside the animal like fleas and flies. outside the animal like fleas and flies.

Symptoms of parasites may include:Symptoms of parasites may include:1. Observing the parasite on an animal1. Observing the parasite on an animal2. Diarrhea, worms in feces, or bloody feces2. Diarrhea, worms in feces, or bloody feces3. Loss of weight3. Loss of weight4. Decreased production, growth, and reproduction. 4. Decreased production, growth, and reproduction.

The Life Cycle of Common Animal The Life Cycle of Common Animal ParasitesParasites

Prevent Diseases and Prevent Diseases and ParasitesParasites

1.1. Natural immunityNatural immunity2.2. Species immunitySpecies immunity 3.3. Vaccinating Vaccinating 4.4. BiologicsBiologics 5.5. Sanitation Sanitation 6.6. VentilationVentilation 7.7. Clean and Dry facilities (bedding & milk machines) Clean and Dry facilities (bedding & milk machines)

(Mastitis)(Mastitis)8.8. Disposal of manureDisposal of manure9.9. Clean trailers and milking equipment Clean trailers and milking equipment 10.10.Rotate pastures/animalsRotate pastures/animals11.11.Dispose of carcasses in a sanitary way.Dispose of carcasses in a sanitary way.

TREATMENTSTREATMENTS

1.1. Drugs for treatment come in many forms like pills, Drugs for treatment come in many forms like pills, powders, and liquids. powders, and liquids.

2.2. There are many ways to There are many ways to inject drugsinject drugs.. ► **Intravenous Intravenous means injected into the vein. means injected into the vein. ► **Intramuscular Intramuscular meansmeans injected into a muscleinjected into a muscle► **Subcutaneous Subcutaneous means injectedmeans injected under the animals skin. under the animals skin. ► **IntradermalIntradermal means injected between layers of skin. means injected between layers of skin. ► **IntraruminalIntraruminal means injections into an animals means injections into an animals rumen. rumen. ► *Intraperitoneal*Intraperitoneal means injections given in the abdominal means injections given in the abdominal

cavity.cavity.

3.3. Take temperature Take temperature 4.4. Check respirationCheck respiration5.5. Always restrain animals properly Always restrain animals properly 6.6. Seek expertise from a veterinarianSeek expertise from a veterinarian7.7. Good management is knowing your own limitations.Good management is knowing your own limitations.

Diseases Prevention Pays!Diseases Prevention Pays!

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