Home Power Workshop

Agenda

6:30 Introduction/Purpose…………………5 min……...Alan Gibson6:35 Energy Design ……………………...15min…..….Jeremy Neven6:55 Solar Photovoltaic…………….…….40min……...Joshua Pearce

Break……..…………15 min……

7:45 Wind………….…………….………40 min……..Jason Wamboldt8:25 Closing……………………………..5 min ………....Alan Gibson8:30 Networking………………………..30 min

Workshop Purpose

To provide more indepth knowledge of solar photovoltaic and wind renewable clean technologies and the process to implement that will support participant home power project actions To provide points of contact and resource assistance to participants post workshop

Technical HOW TO Workshops -Outline-

Follow -

up HOW TO workshops focused on :

Home Heating : March 5 from 6:30-8:30 at SLC – Rm 01040

Home Power : March 9 at SLC from 6:30-8:30 in Rm 01000

Biomass and Conservation : March 10 from 6:30- 8:30 in Rm 01040

You will be able to :decide which system(s) is best for your purposes

compare costs and understand more on grants

evaluate whether you want to do it yourself or

Interact one on one with qualified contractors and how to proceed with your project

Energy Efficient Design

Energy Performance - Codes

“R” Values – (RSI)

Thermal Bridging

•“R”

value of a 2”x6”

= 6.87

•“R”

value of a 2”x4”

= 4.3

•Lumber accounts for approx 25% of a wall

Truss Design

Air Tightness

Lighting

Wiring

•Heavier gauge wires have less “Line Loss”

•Shortest distance traveled will have less “Line Loss”

•Minimized circuit loads will reduce “Line Loss”

Water Conservation

•“Power Pipe”

•Composting Toilets

•Low Flush Toilets

•Grey Water re-use

•Rain Water Capture

•Pumps

HVAC

ECM Motors

Electrically Commutated Motor

HVAC

Energy Efficiency

•Site•Structure•Envelope

•Mechanical•Electrical

•Use

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC WORKSHOP

Workshop outline

Introduction

Technology (available systems) ‏

Installation Issues

Getting Your Project Done

Case Study

Cost Calculations & Financial Projections

Questions and Follow-up

Commonly known as “solar cells.”Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert light energy into electricity. The simplest systems power the small calculators we use every day. More complicated systems will provide a large portion of the electricity in the near future.PV represents one of the most promising means of maintaining our energy intensive standard of living while not contributing to global warming and pollution.

What are Photovoltaics?

PV Solar System

SolarPV

Arrays

DC Voltage

AC Voltage

Inverter

Solar PowerTo the Grid

Main Utility Breaker Panel

Utility Meter

Solar PV Materials: Crystalline & Polycrystalline Silicon

Advantages:•

High Efficiency (14-22%)‏

•

Established technology (The leader) ‏•

Stable

Disadvantages:•

Expensive production

•

Low absorption coefficient•

Large amount of highly purified feedstock

c-Si Manufacture

CrystallineSilicon

Amorphous Silicon

Amorphous SiliconAdvantages:

High absorption (don’t need a lot of material) ‏Established technology Ease of integration into buildingsExcellent ecological balance sheetCheaper than the glass, metal, or plastic you deposit it on

DisadvantagesOnly moderate stabilized efficiency 7-10%

Other thin film technologies

Cd-Te – inexpensive, CdCIGS – just starting mass productionGaAs – expensiveTiO2 dye sensitized**********************************************Many technologies all over 6% efficientEfficiency doesn't matter - $/W

Installation Issues

Types of PV systems - aestheticsModeling - RETScreenBuilding Codes, Inspections

Residential Rooftops

BIPV or Retrofit

Solar Shingles

Paperwork

Leave it up to the installerComplete the application for SOC with the local utility as well as OPA. All the connections to an existing electric service without any scheduled service disconnect and reconnect

Getting Your Project Done

Assessing Needs – 100% solar or fractionSpecification of Equipment - $/Wp or

$/kW-hrEngaging Contractors – multiple quotes• Acquiring Approvals• Project Planning

Follow-ups & Maintenance ~0

Case Study

PV RequirementsAbout $10,000 per kW (or $10/W) ‏South Facing RoofOntario Power Authority (OPA) StandardOffer Contract (SOC) – on-line applicationKingston Electricity Distribution Limited(KEDL) Connection Agreementwww.xantrex.com (Burnaby, BC) ‏

Home Power Plant

PV – Inverter - Helpers

RJ (Rob) Kennedy ElectricQuantum Renewable Energy (Rick Rooney) ‏Utilities Kingston•

Kingston Electricity Distribution Limited (KEDL) ‏

•

Until Sept KEDL will rebate 50% of the connection costs up to $1,000. Talk to Steve Sottile.*

Meters & Inverter

228 / 575 = 40%Earn 42 cents per kWh with SOCExpect between 1,600 to 1,700 kWh/yr

Economics

@$10/Wp installed cost - payback is about 18-yearsShould not use payback time as decision making metric – use ROI and compare to cost of money Or opportunity cost of other investments –AFTER taxesNeed lifetime – 25 – 30 years

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 300

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Calculating ROI from Payback time and lifetime

2.50%3.00%4.00%

Payback Time (P/S) [Years]

Life

tim

e (T

) [ Y

ears

]

CONCLUDING REMARKS:

PV provides green electricity for the homeSimplest system uses grid for storage –two meters - $0.42/kW-hr feed inLong lifetime – 25+ year warrantyEconomic now, PV module prices dropping

Solar Photovoltaics NOW!

Small Wind Power

Jason Wamboldt B.Sc. (Eng), MESRenewable Energy of Plum Hollow

Workshop outlineSmall wind for homeowners –

Technical Workshop

• Wind Availability• Choosing the right turbine• Using the power• Paybacks•

Are there noise, safety, maintenance or environmental concerns?

Wind Availability

• Average annual wind speeds of > 4.0-4.5 m/s

(9-10.2mph)

• Great resource: www.windatlas.ca

Wind Availability

Wind Availability

Wind Availability

Wind Availability

Wind AvailabilitySkystream 3.7

Siting Issues•

Power is the cube of wind speed –

height matters!

•

Guy wires are roughly the same diameter as tower height.

How to choose the right turbineRELIABILITY AND SAFETY ARE NUMBER 1RELIABILITY AND SAFETY ARE NUMBER 1

• Towers require proper structural engineering

• Electrical connections require safety inspections

• Maintain setback from home, building, and neighbours.

In a far distant second…

How much power do I need/want/use now?

• Average home uses 30 kWh of power per day.

• How much of this do you want to make.

• How much is reasonable for your wind resource?

How to choose the right turbine• Find your anticipated annual wind speed.

• Convert this POWER (W) into ENERGY (kWh)

Energy Output• Manufacturer estimated output: 300 kWh/month

• Wind atlas estimated: 325 kWh/mo. (3.91 MWh/y)

• Average Ontario consumption: 930 kWh/month

% of monthly loads met: 32-35%

July

Wind

Solar

Load

Jan Dec

Using the Power1.

Net-metering: reduce your electricity bill by consuming your own wind-generated electricity.

2.

Standard Offer Contract: sell your wind-generated electricity to the grid for $0.11/kWh.

3.

Battery Backup: for later use in the event of grid failure or for off-grid applications.

Net Metering

+ _

Charge Controller

Inverter

Battery Bank

+ _

+

_

Grid

Ground

DC AC

$0.11/kWh

Standard Offer Contract

+ _

Charge Controller

Inverter

Battery Bank

+ _

+

_

Grid

DC AC

$0.11/kWh$0.11/kWh

Ground

What are the costs and paybacks?

Equipment64%

Labour27%

Wiring and misc.9%

•

Average winds of 13 mph would generate 400 kWh/month or 44% of average Ontario home demand.

•

Equates to $528/y at current electricity pricing ($0.11/kWh).

Case-study:Skystream

2.4 kW, Cost: $16,576.77 + tax

Maintenance and Warranty

•

Annual inspection of bolts, guy wires, and electrical connections.

• May require greasing of bearings.

•

Blades need to be visually inspected for cracks or stress signs.

•Warranties are typically 2-5 years.

Safety, Environmental, and Noise Concerns

•

Wind turbines DO generate noise and vibrations (be a good neighbour)

•

Check with local zoning and building code requirements for safe installation of tower and foundation

•

Electrical permits must be taken and approved by the Electrical Safety Authority

•

All turbines have mechanisms to slow blades in high winds

Conclusions

• Small wind turbines are less than 100 kW.

•

Need good site with clean, strong, consistent wind with buffers from buildings and neighbours.

•

Power can be used to offset electricity bills or store in batteries for later use.

•

Costs are significantly tied to equipment costs and expect long paybacks at current electricity prices.

• SAFETY IS PARAMOUNT.

Closing

Purpose /products reviewFeedback forms pleaseFurther resource support requirementsOur support

Brought to you by:

SWITCH - The Sustainable Energy People

SWITCH thanks the Ontario Trillium Foundation for its Financial Support

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