margolin guide updated 2008

8/8/2019 Margolin Guide Updated 2008

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Forover40yearsasacriminaldefenseattorneyIhavesuccessfullydefendedmyclients in almost everytype ofcriminal matter, including thousands ofmarijuanacases.

IamofferingmyguideinhopesthattheinformationIprovidewillhelpyouandothersstayoutoftroublebecausenoonebelongsinjailformarijuana.

Knowledgeofthelawsandyourrightsisthekeytoyourfreedom.

Myguideiseasytoreadandmakesthecurrentmarijuanalawsandyourrightssimpletounderstand.

TheCaliforniamarijuanalawsaresimilartothosethroughouttheU.S.;however,therearevastdifferencesinpunishmentsbetweenCalifornia,otherstatesandinthefederalcourts.Additionally,CaliforniasMedicalMarijuanaLawsareextraordinaryin thattheyaffordmanyuniquerightsandprotectionsforqualifiedpatients.SeetheFederalSentencingGuidelines,Lawsinall50StatesandMedicalMarijuanasectionsinmyguide.

Beaware, as explained in my guide, that convictions for marijuana offenses can have seriousconsequences including jail or prison, probation, loss of drivers license, and deportation ofnon-citizens.

Thisisaguide,itisnotlegaladvice.Ihaveexpressedmyopiniontomakethelawsmoreeasilyunderstood,and insomecases, toexplainhowthe laws havebeeninterpreted bythecourts.Ultimatelyonlytheactualstatutesandthecaserulingsshouldbereliedupon.Myguideincludesmany case law citations. Also, be aware that laws change frequently due to appellate courtdecisionsandlegislation.Iamavailableforaphoneandofficeconsultationfreeofchargeshouldyou,oranyoneyoucareabout,getsintroublethelawandneedshelp,call1800420laws.Myofficeisavailable24/7.

Sincerely,

BruceMargolin

YoumaydownloadfreeaPDFformatofmyguideat1800420laws.com.JustclickontheMargolinGuideicon.

From the Author


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tAble oF ContentsFromtheAuthor ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i

Possession --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

PossessionofLessthananOunce--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

PossessionofMorethananOunce-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

PossessionofConcentratedCannabis(Hashish)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

Juveniles--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

PossessionforSale ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

Wobblers-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

Second&ThirdStrikes------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2Cultivation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

Transportation,Importation,SaleorGift------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

DefinitionofProbation------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

MirandaRights-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4

DrivingUndertheInfluence------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

HowtoSaveYourDriversLicense--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

YouthfulOffenderAlternativePrograms--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

DrugTestingandEmployment--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

CleansingtheBodyofTHC-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

ForfeitureLaws ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

SearchandSeizureLaws---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

ConstitutionalRights---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

CourtroomStrategyforHowtoAvoidConvictionforLessthananOunce-------------------------------------------------------------------------9

DestructionofArrestorConvictionRecords-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

DeferredEntryofJudgment(DEJ)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10

Proposition36 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

(DEJ)v.Prop.36--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

Entrapment --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

PostingBail ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

FederalSentencingforMarijuanaOffenses------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

MedicalMarijuanaLaws--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

CompassionateUseAct---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

MedicalMarijuanaProgramAct----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

PrimaryCaregivers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16

LocalGuidelinesthatExceedSB420-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

AppellateCourtLandmarkCasesMedicalMarijuana--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

PatientsRighttoaHearingtoDismissBeforeTrial--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

PatientsareEntitledtotheReturnofTheirMedicalMarijuana------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18

DoctorsOralRecommendationandPatientsTestimonyAloneinEnough--------------------------------------------------------------- 18

TheJudgecanDismissaPatientsCaseintheInterestofJustice--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

PatientscanDefeatProbationViolationsBasedUponMedicalUseofMarijuana----------------------------------------------------- 18

GrowersMayNotProvidetoDispensariesUnlessasaMemberofaCo-OporCollective------------------------------------------------------ 18

CopsandNarcoticsOfficersMustbeQualifiedinMedicalMarijuanaLaws-------------------------------------------------------------- 18

TransportationisPermitted------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

TheReasonforaDoctorsRecommendationisConfidential---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

DoctorsRecommendationMustbeObtainedPriortotheBust----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

NineandaHalfPoundsorMoreMaybeOkayforPatientstoPossess/Cultivate----------------------------------------------------- 18

OnceaPatienthasaDoctorsRecommend,itDoesNotExpire----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

AmountaPatientcanPossessisthatwhichisReasonablyRelatedtoHisCurrentMedicalNeeds---------------------------- 19

ToQualifyasaCaregiverOneMustConsistentlyProvideServicesBesidesSupplyingMarijuana------------------------------------------ 19PatientCollectivesandCooperativesareLegalUnderCaliforniaLaw------------------------------------------------------------------------------20

Dispensaries -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20

Dispensaries,Co-OpsandCollectives-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

AnExampleofaLegallyDefensibleCo-Op------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22

HowManyPlantscanaPatientGrow?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23

CountyHealthPatientI.D.Cards---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24

MedicalMarijuanaWhileonProbation,ParoleorinJail------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24

MedicalConcentratedCannabis(Hashish)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24

TheMarijuanaLawsinAll50States---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

MoreAboutBruce -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29

ReporttothePeople------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

PartialListofRecentSuccesses----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32


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LAW:itisillegaltoknowinglyhavemarijuanaunderyourdominionandcontrolunlesslegally

authorizedformedicinalpurposes.

POSSESSION OF LESS THAN AN OUNCE(28.5grams)[11357(b)H&S]isamisdemeanor.Nobookingwithvalididentification.Acitation,similartoatrafficticketisissued,requiringacourtappearancebythedefendantorhis/herattorney.

PENALTY:Nojailsentenceorprobationcanbeimposed.Themaximumpenaltyisafineof$100,pluscourtassessments,foratotalofapproximately$371.DeferredEntryofJudgment(DEJ)andDrugSentencingAlternativesareavailable.

Thoseunder21yearsoldwilllosetheirdriverslicensefor1yearifconvicted.SeetheHowtoSaveYourDriversLicensesectionoftheguideonpage5.

POSSESSION OF MORE THAN AN OUNCEofmarijuana(28.5gramsandup)[11357(c)H&S]isalsoamisdemeanor.

PENALTY:Themaximumsentenceisupto6monthsinthecountyjailandafineofupto$500.Possessionofover30gramsisadeportableoffense.DeferredEntryofJudgment(DEJ)andProposition36areavailable.

NotefromBruce:Myexperienceisthatalmostwithoutexceptionfirsttimeoffendersdonotgotojail.Summary(non-reporting)probationisusuallygrantedonconditionofasmallfineorcommunityservice.

Seethedefinitionofprobationonpage4oftheguide.

POSSESSION OF CONCENTRATED CANNABIS (HASHISH)[11357(A)H&S]Maybechargedorsentencedasafelonyormisdemeanor;therefore,itiscalledawobbler.

PENALTY:Asamisdemeanor:maximumpossiblesentenceupto1yearinjail,afineofnotmorethan$1,000orboth.Asafelony:Stateprisonsentencerangingfrom16monthsto2or3years,plusafineupto$10,000.Thoseundertheageof21willlosetheirdriverslicensefor1year.DeferredEntryofJudgment(DEJ)andProposition36areavailable.SeetheDEJandProp.36sectionsoftheguideatpages10and11.

JUVENILES (Uptoage18):Allmarijuanaoffenses,includingpossession,sales,possession

forsale,andcultivationmaybedismissedbyparticipationinadrugeducationprogram,andcommunityservice.Otherwise,thecourtscanimposeanythingfromhomeprobation,campplacement,orayouthauthoritycommitmentuptothemaximumtermofimprisonmentfortheoffense.Minorsrecordsarenotpermanentandcanbesealed.A1yeardriverslicensesuspensionismandatory.Therearenofinesimposedinthejuvenilesystem.

PossessionCalifornia Health & Safety Code 11357 (b, c, a) Misdemeanor


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POSSESSION FOR SALE:Possessionofmarijuanawiththeintenttosellanyamountisafelony.Salemeansanyexchangeofmarijuana

forcash,favors,goods,orotherbenefits.Notethatgivingawayuptoanounceis amisdemeanor,witha $100maximumfine. SeetheMedicalMarijuanaLawssectionoftheguideonpage14.

PENALTY:Possessionofanyamountofmarijuanawiththeintenttosellispunishablebyimprisonmentinstateprison[11359H&S].Unlessprobation is granted, which it usually is, penalties can be up to 16months or 2-3 years in state prison, and a fine of up to $10,000.Persons under age 21 will lose their drivers license for 1 year. For

non-citizens,convictionforpossessionforsaleisadeportableoffenseandwillresultindenialofcitizenship.DeferredEntryofJudgmentandDrugSentencingAlternativesareNOTavailable.

NotesfromBruce:FOR SALEcanbeprovensolelyontheexpertopinionofaqualifiednarcoticsofficerthatthemarijuana seized was for sale rather than personal use. The narcotics officers opinions areoftenbasedupon the quantityof marijuana, the number ofpackages, the packaging material,thepresenceofmoney,scales,ledgers,cellphones,pagers,and/orfoottraffictoandfromthepremises.Dealingorbarteringmarijuanaforanythingofvalue(notjustmoney)isillegal.Thedefensehastherighttopresenttheirownopinionastowhetherornottheamount,etc.areconsistentwithpersonaluse.Thedefendantmayalsochoosetotestifyandcallotherwitnessesonhis/herbehalf.Ourofficehasaccesstocourtqualifiedcannabis/marijuanaexpertstotestifyonbehalfofthedefense.

IamthedirectorofTheNationalInstituteofCourtQualifiedCannabisExperts.SeetheReportto

thePeoplesectionintheguideonpage31.

SEARCH OF RESIDENCE CAN BE EXPECTED: No matter where the location of the arrest forpossessionforsaletakesplace,policecangetasearchwarrantforthedefendantsresidence.

THE NUMBER OF PACKAGES! Thenumberofpackagesseizedisoftenthecontrollingfactorrelieduponbytheprosecution.Forexample,ahalf-poundinasinglepackagemaybechargedassimplepossession,while16half-ouncepackageswillalmostcertainlybechargedaspossessionforsale,especiallyifthepackagesareinspecificweights.

WOBBLERS AND PLEA BARGAINING: Felony marijuana offenses of possession for sale,cultivation,andtransportationmaysometimesbereducedbypleabargainingtomaintaininga

placewheremarijuanaispossessed,[11366H&S],orpossessionofhashish[11357(a)H&S].Theseoffensesarewobblers,whichmeanstheyarereducibletomisdemeanors.

NotefromBruceonSecondandThirdStrikeLaw:UnderCalifornialaw,anythirdfelonyconviction,includinganyfelonymarijuanaoffense,with2previousstrikes,nomatterhowlongagotheyoccurred,mandatesasentenceof25yearstolifeinprison.However,thefirstorsecondconvictions,tobeconsideredasstrikesmustbeseriousorviolent.UnderCalifornias3-Strikelaw,marijuanaoffensesarenotstrikesforstrikesoneandtwo.Anyfelonymarijuanaconvictionwithonepreviousstrikemandatesnoprobationanddoublethesentence,andserving85%ofthetime(not50%).

Possession For sAleCalifornia Health & Safety Code 11359 Felony


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LAW: Persons who plant, cultivate, harvest, dry, or process even one plant are guilty of a felony.(Californiasmedicalmarijuanalawsprotectpatientsandtheircaregivers.SeetheMedicalMarijuanaLawssectionoftheguideonpage14.

PENALTY: Unless probation is granted (and it usually is), the sentencingrangeis16months,2or3yearsinstateprison,andafineofupto$10,000.

Personsunder21willlosetheirdriverslicensefor1year.Thisisadeportableoffensefornon-citizens.SeetheDeferredEntryofJudgmentsectionoftheguideonpage10.

PROBATION CAN BE EXPECTED:Probationisalmostalwaysgrantedtofirsttime offenders, even when large numbers of plants are seized (e.g., 150).Someprosecutorswillchargeonlymisdemeanorpossessionwhenjustafewplantsareseized.SeetheDefinitionofProbationintheguideonpage4.

PLANTS ALONE MAY BE POSSESSION FOR SALE:Thedefensemaybeabletorefutetheprosecu-tionscharge ofpossessionforsale incultivation cases byintroducing the1992DEA CannabisYieldsStudy,whichstatesthat(saleable)marijuanabudscompriselessthan10%of thetotalnet weightof

theplants.See theReporttoPeople sectionofthe guideregardingTheNational Instituteof CourtQualifiedExpertsonpage31.AlsoseetheTheexperttestimonyinthePhomphakdycaseregardingtheevaluationofapatientsneedssectionoftheguideonpage23.[2008Lexis1177]

TOO MANY PLANTS FOR DEFERRED ENTRY PROGRAM: The prosecution may object to DEJ bycontendingthecultivationisnotforpersonaluse,eventhoughpossessionforsaleisnotcharged.Thedefendantis entitledto ahearingto decidewhetherornot DEJwillbe grantedover theprosecutorsobjection.SeetheLandmarkRulingsSectionre:PEOPLEV.PHOMPHAKDYintheguideonpage19.AlsoseetheDEJsectionoftheguideonpage10.

FEDERAL MARIJUANA LAWS:InFederalCourts,andinsomestatesotherthanCalifornia,thenumberofplantspresumptivelydeterminesthelengthoftheprisonsentence.UnderFederallaw,therearemandatorysentencinglawsoffiveyearsfor100+plants,anda mandatorysentencingof10 yearsfor1,000+plants,nomatterhowbigorwhatstage,evenjustrootedseedlings.SeetheFederalSentencingsectionoftheguideonpage13.

PROTECTION FROM POLICE WITH FENCES: Fully-enclosed residential yards with 6-foot fences arelegallyprotectedfrompoliceobservation.However,ifthepolicecanviewplantsinotherwaysforexample,fromaneighborspropertyorfromaircraft,theycanobtainawarrant.

TRASH CANS ARE NOT PROTECTEDifleftoutsidetheproperty.Trashcansleftoutsidethepropertycanbesearchedwithoutawarrant.Ifplantsorotherincriminatoryitemsconstitutingprobablecausearefound,asearchwarrantcanbeissuedfortheresidenceandtheentireproperty.

HIGH ELECTRIC BILLS AND PROBABLE CAUSE FOR SEARCH WARRANT:Indoorcultivationbustsareoftentheresultofunusuallylargeelectricbills(comparedtoothersintheneighborhood)combinedwithinformant tips, orthe smell detectedfrom outsidethe property. Electric bills are notconstitutionallyprotected,sotheymaybeobtainedwithoutawarrantorprobablecause.

THEFT OF ELECTRICITY:Personswhotapelectriclines,orotherwisebypassconventionalmetering,willalsofacefelonygrandtheftcharges.

CultivAtionCalifornia Health & Safety Code 11358 Felony


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CaliforniaHealth&SafetyCode11360-FelonyorMisdemeanor

LAW- LESS THAN AN OUNCE:Givingawayand/ortransportationoflessthananounceofmarijuanaforpersonaluseisanon-arrestablemisdemeanoroffense,withproperidentication[H&S11360(b).]

PENALTY: Same as possession of less than an ounce. See thePossession,lessthananouncesectionoftheguideonpage1.Nojail.Upto$100ne.

LAW- MORE THAN AN OUNCE:Persons,whotransport,importintothestate,sell,furnish,orgiveawaymorethananounceofmarijuanaareguiltyofafelony.Barteringorexchangingfor anything of value is considered sale. For patient's rights, also see the MedicalMarijuanaLawssectionoftheguideonpage14.

PENALTY: Unless probationisgranted,andit almostalwaysis forrst time offenders, thesentencerangeis2,3,or4yearsinstateprison.SeetheNotefromBruce-3-Strikelawssectionoftheguideonpage2.Salestooremployingminorsunderage14,is3,5, or7years;over14is3,4,or5years[H&SSection11361].

Deferredentryofjudgment(DEJ)isnotavailable.SeeDEJonpage11ofthisguide.Proposition36isanoptionfortransportationforpersonaluseonly.Personsunderage21willlosetheirdriverslicensefor1year.Itisadeportableoffense;howeverchargesmaybedefensibleinimmigrationcourt.

See the Landmark Cases section of the guide on page 19 regarding transportation by

patientsandcaregivers.

DEFINITION OF PROBATION:Almostwithoutexception,myexperienceisthatrsttimemarijuanaoffendersreceiveprobation.However,probationdoesntmeanthatcountyjailisnecessarilyavoided.Infelonycases,thetermprobationmeansonlythatthestateprisonsentenceisnotimposed.Thetermsofprobation may include upto a yearin the county jail and a ne,drugtesting,and searchconditions.Inmisdemeanorcases,probationmeansallorpartofthecountyjailsentenceisnotimposed.Alternativestojailalsocanbenes,housearrest,orcommunityservice.

YOUR RIGHT TO REMAIN SILENT (MIRANDA RIGHTS):Suspectsdo nothave tobeadvisedof theirrightswhilemerelybeingdetainedduringan

investigation.Ifyouchoosetotalk,thosestatementsareadmissible.Uponarrest,policeare required toadvise; however,any statementsmadeevenwithout beingadvisedof theMirandarights,arestilladmissibletocontradictadefendantstestimonyifhechoosestotakethestandtotestify.SeetheInvocationofRightscardinthecenterfoldofthisbooklet.Conversations inpolicevehiclescan berecorded bythepoliceandareadmissibleincourt.

NotefromBruce:GUNSANDWEEDDONTMIX!Ifconvictedofafelonyoffense,CaliforniaStatelawscallforanadditional year to beadded if a prison sentenceis imposed. Under Federal Law forpossession of a rearmwill substantially affect sentencing alternatives and, ifcharged, aconvictioncallsformandatoryadditional5years.

trAnsPortAtion, imPortAtion, sAle or G iFtCalifornia Health & Safety Code 11360 Felony or Misdemeanor


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LAW:Itisunlawfultodrivewhileundertheinfluenceofmarijuanaifimpairedtothedegreethatrendersoneunabletooperateamotorvehiclesafely.

PENALTY:1stoffense:maximum6monthsinjail;fineof$390-$1,000;restrictedlicense;3yearsprobation,and,ifunder21yearsold,lossoflicensefor1year.(Qualified medical patients are not exempt from statutes prohibiting drivingwhileimpaired.)

NotesfromBruce:MARIJUANADUICASESAREOFTENDIFFICULTFORTHEPROSECUTIONTOPROVE:Unlike the .08% blood alcohol level in drunk driving cases, which makes a

defendantpresumptivelyguilty,thereisnopresumptivestandardamountofTHCthatestablishesimpairmenttooperateamotorvehicle.

ALCOHOL + WEED DONT MIX!Studiesshowthatusingalcoholwithmarijuanaradicallyincreaseschances

ofimpairmentandthesetypesofcasesarelessdefensible.DONTDOIT!

DUI SUSPECTS CAN REFUSE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS:Intheeventofbeingpulledoverbythepolice,youmayrefusetoansweranyquestions(otherthanidentifyingyourself)ortakefieldsobrietytests.Ifyouarearrestedyouarerequiredtotakeabloodorurinetestifrequested.REFUSALTOTAKEACHEMICALTESTWILLRESULTINTHELOSSOFDRIVERSLICENSEFORAYEARandmaybeseenasconsciousnessofguilt.

CHOOSING A BREATH, BLOOD, OR URINE TEST: DUI, MARIJUANA:Expertsadvisethatyouchooseabreathtest,asitdoesnotregisterTHC.Ifitisrequestedthatyougiveanadditional ordifferenttestand youhaventusedmarijuana inthe last 24hourschoose theblood test,asexpertsindicatethatTHCisdetectableinthebloodfor3-20hours.Chooseaurinetestifyouhaverecentlyusedorareadailyuser.Eventhoughyoucan expectpositivemarijuanametaboliteresults(upto 35days),thepresenceofmetabolitedoesnotestablishimpairment.

HOW TO SAVE YOUR DRIVERS LICENSE

CALIFORNIA LAW:Personsunder21convictedofanymarijuanaoffensewilllosetheirCaliforniadriverslicenseforoneyear,evenifnotdrivingatthetime.

Adultsmayalsolosetheirlicenseforupto3years[CAVehicleCode13202].ThejudgecansuspendorordertheDMVtorevokethedriverslicenseforpossessionforsale,transportation,orsaletoaminor.Inmanyotherstates,anyoneconvictedofanyoffenseinvolvinganycontrolledsubstance,includingmarijuana,willlosetheirdriverslicensefor6monthsormore,regardlessofwhetherornottheoffenseisdriving-related.

SeetheCourtroomStrategyforHowtoAvoidConviction...sectionoftheguideonpage9.

Whenthedefendantcanshowacriticalneedtodrive,thecourtcanallowforarestrictedlicense.

YOUTHFUL OFFENDER ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS:Fordefendantsunder21.PossessionofmarijuanainsomeCAcounties,prosecutorshaveestablishedprogramsinwhichthemarijuanapossessiondefendantagreestoattendcounseling,suchasMothersAgainstDrunkDrivingmeetingsorsimilarprograms.Typically,90dayslater,thedefendantisallowedtopleadtoanalternativecharge,suchasDisturbingthePeace.Thisavoidsacontrolledsubstanceconvictionandlossoflicense.

DrivinG unDerthe inFluenCe (Dui)California Vehicle Code 23152(a) - Misdemeanor


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Unlessemployedbyagovernmentalagency,thereisnoconstitutionalprotectionfromtestingorforrefusingadrugtest.Thetestingofgovernmentemployeeshasbeenstruckownbycourtsinmanytypesofworkexceptwheretheemployeesimpairment could cause serious threat or harm, i.e., trainconductor. Private

employers,however,mayimposedrugtestingasaconditionofemployment,andifdirty,theemployeecanbefired.

Anemployeewhohasbeenaccusedofhavingapositivedrugtestresultshouldrequestasecondindependentlaboratorytestofthedirtysample.Ithasbeenreportedthatfalsepositivescanresultforanumberofreasons.Falsepositives

canforceanemployeeintounnecessaryrehabilitationprogramsor,evenworse,resultinanunwarrantedfiring.Firingagoodemployeeisalosstobothparties.

Estimates of the length of time marijuana use is detectable in the body by urine testing:Single use: 5 Days

Double use: 12-17 daysHeavy use: 15-35 days

Rossv.RagingWireTelecom.[42Cal.4th920]-CAsupremecourtruledthatanemployermayterminateordenyemploymenttoanyone whoadmitsto usingor usesmarijuana, evenif they are aqualifiedmedicalmarijuanapatient. ThereispendinglegislationinCaliforniaregardingpatientsrightstousemedicalmarijuanaandtobeprotectedfromtermination.

NotesfromBruce:CLEANSING THE BODY OF THC:IamnotawareofanychemicalproductthathasproveneffectiveincleansingthesystemofTHC.Abstaining,exercising,anddrinkinglotsofwateraretheonlyprovenwaystoridthebodyofTHC.Youmaypurchaseanover-the-counterkitthatdetectsTHCfrommostdrugstorestodoaconfidentialtest.

EMPLOYERS NEED GUIDANCE:Employersshouldbeinformedandunderstandthattherationalpurposeforconductingdrugtestingistodetermineifanemployeeisimpairedonthejob.Sincethemarijuanametaboliteisdetectableinurineforupto35daysafteruse,itsmereexistencedoesnotestablishimpairment.Thescientificcommunitygenerallyagreesthattheeffectsofmarijuanalastnomorethanabout3hoursafteruse.

Arguably,amoreeffectiveapproachtoassuresafetyistoobservetheemployeeson-the-jobbehavior,alongwithmotorskilltestinglikethatusedinDUIcases.Thistypeofpolicyreducesthecostoftesting,protectstheprivacyoftheemployeesaswellastheirmorale,andisamoreeffectivewaytouncoveremployeesinabilitytoperformtheirdutiessafelyforanynumberofreasons(i.e.tiredness,illness,etc.).

DruG testinGAnD emPloyment


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Forfeiture lawsallow theStateand Federalgovernmentto seizemoney andpropertythataretheproceedsoforareusedtofacilitateillicitdrugactivity.Forfeitureproceedingsareusually filedseparately ina civilcourtaction, the

defendantisthemoneyorpropertyitself.

StateandFederalgovernmentscanimposecriminalpunishmentinadditiontoforfeitingthedefendantspropertyandmoney.Thereisnodoublejeopardydefense.

TheFederalcourtshaveheld,however,thatthevalueoftheforfeitedpropertycannotbedisproportionatetothecrime.In1995,theNinthCircuitCourtofAppealssaidthat,If,forexample,onemarijuanaplantwerefoundgrowingontheranch,forfeitureofall825,000acreswouldbeexcessive(U.S.v.6380LittleCanyonRd.,(1995)[59F.3d974,9thCir.].

Californialaw doesprotectinnocent ownersin somecases(Seebelow). UnderCalifornia statutes,

acriminal conviction isrequiredfor forfeitures under $25,000. However,the statepoliceagenciesoftenturnthepropertyormoneyovertotheFeds,whereacriminalconvictionisnotrequiredforforfeiture.

TheCaliforniaforfeiturestatute[11470(e)H&S]allowsforfeitureofthefollowing:

A) Allcontrolledsubstances(marijuana) B) Allmoneyandequipmentinvolved C) Anyvehicleused,orintendedtobeused,intransportationofthemarijuana (morethan10poundsdryweight)

Motorvehicleforfeiturescanbepreventedifaninnocentspouseisco-owner,orhasacommunitypropertyinterest,andthevehicleisusedbythedefendantsimmediatefamily.

MaintainingaPlace(H&S11366)andforfeitures:Homesandland(realproperty)arealsosubjecttostateforfeitureiftheownerisconvictedofmaintainingthepropertyforthepurposeofmanufacturing,distributing,orpossessingmarijuanaforsale.However,propertythatisusedasafamilyresidenceorotherlawfulpurpose,andisco-ownedbyaninnocentpersonwithnoknowledgeoftheunlawfuluse,maynotbesubjecttoforfeiture.

U.S.V.BAJAKAJIAN(1998)524U.S.321theforfeitureofadefendantspropertyormoneymustbeproportionatetothegravityoftheoffensecommitted.

ForFeiture lAwsCalifornia Health & Safety Code 11470(e) H&S


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TheCaliforniaConstitutionandthe4thAmendmenttotheU.S.Constitutionguaranteeourrighttobefreeofsearchandseizurebypolicewithoutawarrantorprobablecause.Illegally-seizedevidencemust

besuppressedandexcludedinthecriminalprosecutionagainstadefendantwhoserightshavebeenviolated.

YOUR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS INCLUDE (AMONG OTHERS): torefusetoanysearchofyourpersonorpropertywithoutawarrant torefusetoanswerpolicequestionsormakeanystatements torefusetoopenyourdoortoyourhomeunlessthereisanemergencyora searchwarrant torefusetobedetainedorquestionedanywhere,evenatairports SeetheInvocationofRightswalletsizecardhereinthecenterfoldofmyguide.

*PROBABLECAUSE:Probablecausemustexistotherwise theseizedevidencecantbeusedagainstthedefendantincourtProbablecausesimplymeansthattheremustbeareasonablebeliefthatacrimehasbeenorisabouttobecommitted(i.e.thatthereiscontrabandpresent).

THESMELLOF MARIJUANA:Thesmellofmarijuana(burntor fresh)bypoliceor theirtraineddogsisprobablecausetosearchthesuspectspersonandcarwithoutawarrant,andmayforthebasistoobtainasearchwarrantforahomeorotherplace.Seebelow**

*REASONABLEEXPECTATIONOFPRIVACYISREQUIREDTOHAVESTANDINGTOOBJECT:In California, as well as in many other states and under Federal law, the defendant must have areasonableexpectationofprivacy,calledstanding,inthelocationofthesearchinordertochallengetheadmissibilityofillegally-seizedevidenceandhaveitsuppressed.

CARSPASSENGERS:Who have theirpossessions,suchasbackpacks,insomeoneelsescarhavenostandingtochallengeanillegalsearch.Thereisnorecognizedrightofprivacyinsomeoneelsescarunlessyouarethedriveratthetimeofthesearch.However,allpersonshavereasonableexpectationof

privacyregardingtheclothingtheyarewearingandanythingontheirperson.Passengerscanchallengethereasonforthestop.

HOUSEGUESTS:Overnightguestshavethesamerightsastheoccupantstoobjecttotheillegalsearchofthehostshome.Campsitesandmotel&hotelroomsarealsoprotected.

BACKYARDSFENCES:Rentersandhomeownersenclosedyards(e.g.ayardwitha6-footfence,evenwithsmallcracks)areprotectedfrompolicepeepingclose-upthroughthefence,butnotfromaerialobservation.

INJAIL:Thereisnoexpectationofprivacywhileinpolicecarsjail,(includingtelephonecalls)orinvisitingrooms,exceptin-personmeetingswithlawyersorclergy.

TELEPHONECONVERSATIONSonhardwire,cellphones,andintelephoneboothsareprotected,unlessonepartyagreestopolicetapsorlisteningin.Cordlessphoneusersdonothaveanexpectationofprivacybecauseconversationscanbeheardbyneighborswiththesamefrequency.

**POLICECANNOTENTERAHOMEBASEDONSEEINGOCCUPANTSSMOKINGMARIJUANA:[PEOPLEVHUA(1.4.08)158Cal.App.4TH1027]Policeofficersentrywithoutwarrantintodefendantsapartmentwasnotjustifiedundertheexigentcircumstancesexceptiontothewarrantrequirement.

SeetheMirandaRightssectionoftheguideonpage4.

seArCh AnD seizure lAws


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Courtroom strAteGy For how to AvoiDConviCtion For less thAn An ounCe

(AnD sAve your Drivers liCense)

Under Californialaw, anyone under 21convicted ofany marijuana offensewilllose their driverslicenseforoneyear,evenifoffenseisnotdrivingrelated.

1. DEFERRED ENTRY OF JUDGMENT(DEJ)willpreventlossofyourlicensebecausetheconvictionisdeferred,(helduntilconditionsaremet),andislaterdismissed.SeetheDeferredEntryof

JudgmentandProp36DrugCourtsectionsoftheguideonpages10and11.2. Many prosecutors will agreeto INFORMAL DIVERSIONdismissal,typicallyontheconditionthatthedefendantattendssomeNarcoticsAnonymousmeetings.Informaldiversionisbetterthanformal,court-orderedDEJbecausethe5yearexclusionfromformalDEJisnotaffected.InformalDEJtakesmuchlesstimeandavoidssubstantialcostsofformalDEJprograms.3. ILLEGALLY-SEIZED EVIDENCESeetheSearchandSeizuresectionoftheguideonpage8.Illegallyobtainedevidencemustbesuppressedandcannotbeusedagainstthedefendantincourt.

Hence,thereisnoconvictionorlossoflicense.4. PLEA BARGAIN:Inless-than-an-ouncecases,prosecutorsoftenagreetodismisstheoffenseinexchangeforapleatoothercharges,suchasDisturbingthePeace,[PC415]orTrespassing,[PC602].Thereisnolossoflicensefortheseoffenses.Alsotrytogettheinfractioninsteadofthemisdemeanorcount.5. Dontforgetthedefendanthastherightto insiston aJURY TRIAL.Youdonthavetopleadguiltyornocontest(nolocontendreisthesameaspleadingguilty).Inless-than-an-ouncecases,theprosecutionorthecourtmaydecidetodismissthechargesinordertoavoidthetimeandexpenseofajurytrial.Intheeventofaconvictionevenafterajurytrial,themaximumneisstill$100 (plus thecourt assessments) totalapproximately$371 ifthe charge involvesless than oneounce.SeetheProp.36sectionoftheguideonpage11.

DestruCtion oF Arrest or ConviCtion reCorDsCalifornia Health & Safety Code 11361.5

Removing Your Marijuana Conviction

Californialawrequiresallgovernmentalagenciestoautomaticallydestroyallrecordsofamarijuanapossessionchargeandgivingawayortransportinguptooneouncecharges,exceptcasesconcerningconcentratedcannabis,twoyearsafterthedateofconvictionorarrest,unlessthetermsofthesentencehavenotbeensatised.Oncetheserecordshavebeendestroyed,thepersoncandenythattheconvictionorarresteverhappened.Thisappliesonlytopossession(notpossessionforsale)ofanyamount,andforgivingawayortransportinglessthananounce.

Drug diversion records are also destroyed. Thereafter, no public agency may limit or deny theindividualanyopportunityastheresultoftheconviction.Therecordshouldnotbeincludedinanysubsequentprobationreportorconsideredforanypurposebyanysubsequentsentencingcourtinanyothermatter(11361.7H&S).

Unfortunately, felony marijuana convictions for sale, transportation, possession for sale andcultivationcannotbedestroyed.However,theyaresubjecttoexpungementunder1203.4PC,whichgivestherighttodenytheconvictionexceptwhenapplyingforpublicofce,licensingbyastateorlocalagency,orcontractingwiththestatelottery.Expungementdoesnotpreventprosecutionforanex-feloninpossessionofarearmoruse infutureconvictionagainstthedefendantasaprior.


12/3610

ChargesofpossessionofmarijuanaorhashishandcultivationforpersonalusecanbedismissedbysuccessfulcompletionofDeferredEntryofJudgment.DEJisnotapplicabletochargesinvolvingsalesorpossessionforsaleortranspor-tation.Thedefendantmustpleadguiltytotheoffensepriortotrial.However,the conviction is not entered, and the sentence remains deferred pendingsuccessfulcompletionofthecourt-mandateddrugeducationprogram.After

successfulcompletionofanapproveddrugeducationprogram,thecasewillbe dismissed in 18-36 months. The program requires about 20 hours ofclassesandmayincludedrugtesting.

Therequirementstobeeligibleare:

Defendanthasnopriorconvictionsinvolvingcontrolledsubstances Theoffensedidnotinvolveacrimeofviolenceorthreatenedviolence Thenon-deferrablenarcoticsoffenseswerecommittedconcurrently Probationorparolehasneverbeenrevokedwithoutbeingcompleted Defendanthasnotbeendivertedorpreviouslyconvictedofafelonyinthepast5years

Thecourtwillenterjudgmentifthedefendant:

1) performsinadequatelyinthedrugprogram 2)isconvictedofanyfelonyormisdemeanorthatreflectsapropensityforviolence 3) engagesinanycriminalconductrenderinghimorherunsuitableforDEJ

IfthedefendantfailstheDEJprogram,thelawprovidesforapossiblealternativeprogram.Proposition36isusedonlyforcasesinvolvingpossessionandtransportationforpersonaluse.SeetheProp.36sectionoftheguideonpage11.Ifthedefendantrefusesorfailsindrugcourt,thecourtwillimposethesentence.

Upondismissal,thedefendantcanlegallyrepresentthatheorshewasnotconvicted,grantedDEJ,orevenarrested,exceptifapplyingforapositionasapoliceofficerorthestatelottery.

NotesfromBruce:Large Cultivation: The prosecutor may object to DEJ where they contend that the amount ofcultivationisbeyondpersonaluse,evenwhenpossessionforsaleisnotcharged.Thedefendantisentitledtoahearingbeforeajudge,whomayoverruletheDistrictAttorneysobjectiontoDEJ.

DEFERRED ENTRY OF JUDGMENT IS NOTA FREE RIDE. There is considerable time and expenseinvolvedincompletingtherequiredprograms.DEJisatrumpcard,availabletothedefendantonly

onceeveryfiveyears.Itshouldnotbeusedwithoutcarefullyconsideringthewaystobeatthecaseor to plea bargain to an alternativeoffense (e.g. Trespassing602PC, or Disturbing thePeace415PC)asaninfraction.Informaldiversion(noguiltyplea)iswheretheprosecutoragreestodismissthecase,typicallysubjecttocompletionofNarcoticsAnonymousmeetings,anditdoesntappearoncourtrecords,unlikeDEJ.

Non-citizens should consult our office deportation expert as to the consequences of DEJ ontheir status.

DeFerreDentryoF juDGment (De j) = DismissAl


13/3611

ProPosition 36 AlternAtive sentenCinG ProGrAmCAliForniAPenAl CoDe 1210

Californialawmandatesdrugtreatmentprogramoptionsbemadeavailableforpossessionandfortransportationforpersonaluseofmarijuanaandotherdrugs.Thedefendantmayreceivethedrugtreatmentprogramevenifconvictedaftertrial,unlikeDeferredEntryofJudgment,whichmustbetakenbeforetrial.Theprogramcanrequirenumerousmeetings,counselingandcommitmenttostop

alldruguse.

Theprobationisupto12monthsand6monthsaftertreatment.DefendantscanexpecttobedrugtestedintheProp.36programs.Probationmayberevokedforfailureofthedrugtreatmentprogramorforcommittingaviolentoffense.Defendantsareallowedprobationviolations,forexample,twofailed tests orpoor attendance,prior to beingexposed to jail. Uponsuccessful completion theconvictionwillbesetaside,pursuanttoCAPenalCodeSection1203.4knownasexpungement.

Priorconvictionsfordrugoffenses,evensales,willnotdisqualifya defendantunderProposition36unlessaconvictionisforaseriousorviolentfelonycommittedwithinthepast5years,e.g.,astrikeconvictionaslistedinCAPenalCodeSection667.5PCor1192.7PC.

DruG Court AlternAtivesAprogramofrehabilitationcanbeanalternativetojail.Convictionforalmostanyoffensecommitteddue to substance abuse may qualify. The court has great discretion as to of whichdefendantstheywillaccept.Thedefendantshistoryandrecordisconsidered,inparticularanypriorrehabili-tationattemptsandviolentoffenses.Typicallycasesacceptedaretheftrelatedcrimesduetodrugdependency.

Parolees:Apersononparolewhocommitsanon-violentdrugpossessionoffenseorwhoviolatesa drug-related condition of his/her parole may be eligible for Prop. 36 instead of returning toprison.Theparoleemusthavenopriorconvictionsatanytimeforserious/violentfelonies.Paroleauthorities(notthecourts)setconditions.

NotefromBruce:DEJ vs. PROP 36.ItisbettertoacceptDEJratherthanProp.36.WithDEJ,theconvictionisnotentered.UnderProp.36,theconvictionisonlysetasidepursuanttoexpungement,thereforecanbeusedasapriorconvictioninanyfuturecriminalprosecution,e.g.anex-felonwithagun.Therecordstillshowsuponacriminalbackgroundcheckasbeinganexpungedconviction[Expungement1203PC].Expungementdoesnotdestroyorerasearecord.

entrAPmentLAW:Entrapmentiswhenpoliceorinformantsusetacticsthatwouldconvinceanotherwiselaw-abidingpersontocommitacrime.Adefendantisnotguilty

ofanyoffenseifthedefendant'sintenttocommitthecrimewascreatedbythepoliceortheirinformant.UnderFederallawshowingthedefendanthadapriorpropensitytocommitthecrimecandefeataclaimofentrapment.

OFFERINGANOPPORTUNITYISNOTENTRAPMENT!

Policeortheiragents(informants),whileundercover,mayprovidetheopportunityforthecrimeto be committed. For example, Hey, anyone here want to sell me some herb? That is NOTentrapment.

NotefromBruce:COPSCANLEGALLYLIE-Undercovernarcoticsofficersandtheirinformantsdonothavetotellthetruthoradmittheirinformantrole,eveniftheyareaskeddirectly.


14/3612

TYPICAL BAIL RANGES (STATE OF CALIFORNIA):Possession:underanounce-(noarrest)ticketonly;overanounce-$500.ConcentratedCannabis(Hash):$10,000Cultivation/Process:upto10lbs$10K,upto25lbs-$15K,25lbs.up-$50KPossessionforSale:upto1lb.-$10K,1-24lbs-$12.5-20K-30K,25lbs$50KTransport/Sale/Furnishing:Upto1lb.-$15K,over5lbs.-$20K,Over25lbs.-$50KUsingMinorToSell/Transport:upto5lbs-$30K,over10lbs-$40K,over25lbs-$50K

RELEASEONYOUROWNRECOGNIZANCE(O.R.)isapersonspromisetoappearincourt.

Ifincustodyafterbooking,thearrestedpersonmaycalltheBailCommissioner(collect)beforegoingtocourttorequestanO.R.Neitherattorneysnoranyoneelsecandoitforthem.Jailersprovidetheon-dutyBailCommissionersphonenumber.Thecommissionerwillattempttoverifyemployment,residence,etc.bycallingthearresteesreferencestoseeifhehassufficientlocaltiestojustifyO.R.

TheBailCommissionermayconsidertheopinionofthearrestingofficer,priorrecordand/orpriorfailuretoappearinpreviouscourtcases,includingtraffictickets.IftheBailCommissionerdeniestheO.R.release,thejudgeincourtatthearraignmentorafterthepreparationofanORreport.

IFYOUHAVETOPOSTBAIL:

Bailcanbepostedbycashorcashierscheckforthefullamountofbail,whichwillbereturnedifthedefendantappearsasdirectedatthecourtproceedings.

NotefromBruce:Postingcashindrugcasescouldresultinseizureofthemoney.

AsecondoptionistogotoaBAILBONDSMAN,whotypicallywillchargeanonrefundablepremium

of8-10%oftheamountforbail.Forexample,ifthebailis$10,000,youpaythebondsmen$1,000whichyounevergetback.Bailbondingagentsusuallyhavediscretionregardingthetypeandamountofcollateralrequired.Somewillwavecollateralaltogetheriffriendsorfamilymembershavegoodjobsandguaranteethebond.

UNDERTHE FEDERAL SYSTEM, releasecan beonpersonalsurety bonds (promise toappear),corporate surety bail bond companies, third part surety, a real property bond, and/or cash.Collateralmayberequired.

YOURPHONECALL:Afterbeingbooked,arresteeshavetherighttomake3completedphonecalls:toanattorney,bailbondsman,relativeorotherperson.Becareful.ThesephonecallsareNOTconfidential.

PostinG bAil


15/3613

Statesprosecutealmostallmarijuanaoffenses.MyexperienceisthattheFederalgovernmentmayopttoprosecutewhenoffensesinvolveFederalproperty(suchasU.S.nationalforests),verylarge

quantities(forexample,1000s+plantsor500+kilos),thecrossingofnationalborders,and/orwhereFederalagentsconductedtheinvestigation.

Thereare5and10-yearmandatoryprisonsentencesformarijuanaoffensesinFederalCourt.100Kilos,100plantsorrootedseedlingsmandates5years;1,000plantsorrootedseedlingsis10years,unlessthedefendantqualifiesforthesafetyvalveexception.NeithermedicalmarijuananortheCaliforniamedicallawsarerecognizedasadefenseinFederalCourt.

Seedlingsareassignedaweightof100grams,forexample,60plants=6,000grams=6kilos=15-21monthslevel14offense.Ifaplantweighsmorethan

100grams,theactualweightisused.

TheFederalguidelinesbelowareforthejudgesconsiderationastowhatsentencetoimpose.

Amount of Marijuana Sentence/Months Offense LevelLessthan250grams 0-6months 6

250-999g 2-8months 8

1-2.4kg 6-12months 10

2.5-4.9kg 10-16months 12

5-9.9kg 15-21months 14

10-19kg 21-27months 16

20-39kg 27-33months 18

40-59kg 33-41months 20

60-79kg 41-51months 2280-99kg 51-63months 24

5-yearmandatory

100-399kg 63-78months 26

400-699kg 78-97months 28

700-999kg 97-121months 30

10-yearmandatory

1000-2999kg 121-151months 32

3000-9999kg 151-181months 34

Morethan10,000kg 188-230 36

PossibleLevelAdjustments Earlyplea&acceptanceofresponsibility-2or-3atlevel16 OrganizerorLeader +4 BetweenMinimal&Minor -3 ManagerorSupervisor+3 AbuseofPositionofTrust +2 LesserLeader +2 UseofSpecialSkill +2 MinimalParticipan -4 Obstruction +3

There are numerous factors (i.e. Prior record) that affect the guidelines as well as the ultimatesentenceimposedbythejudge.

FeDerAl sentenCinGFor mArijuAnA oFFenses


16/3614

The Compassionate Use Act (CUA) (Proposition 215, 1996)

TheCUAHealth&SafetyCode11362.5providesthatpatientsandtheircaregiversmay

cultivateandpossessmarijuanaforthepersonalmedicaluseofthepatient.

AnyLICENSED physician may,orally, orin writing, approve orrecommend theuse

of marijuana for the treatment of cancer, anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity,

glaucoma,arthritis,migraine,andanyotherconditionorillnessforwhichmarijuana

providesrelief.

NotefromBruce:Onceapatienthasadoctorsapprovalorrecommendationitdoesnotexpirenotwithstanding

thatthelettermayhaveanexpirationdate,i.e.,3yearsearlier.See[PEOPLEV.WINDUS,(2008)165Cal.App.

4th634]onpage19oftheguide.

Theamountthatispermissibletopossessorgrowisthatwhichisconsistentwiththemedicalneedsofthe

patient[11362.5H&SCode].Thereisnosetlimitandthereforeeachcaseleavesopenthequestionastowhat

amountswereconsistentwiththepatientsneedsatthetimeofarrestandseizure.[PHOMPHAKDY(2008)

165Cal.App.4th857]Thedoctorstestimonyastowhatthepatientneededtohaveonhandcanbethemost

importantdefenseevidence.

Unfortunately,thecourtshaveconcludedthattheCUA(Prop.215)providesprotectionfromonlyconviction,not

fromarrestandprosecution.SeetheRecentSuccessespagesoftheguideonpages32-34.

Thepolicedonothavetoacceptthedoctorsletterasproofofthepatientsstatus.Itthenmaybecome

necessarytosubpoenathedoctorsrecordstocourt,unlessyourattorneycanconvincetheprosecutorsoffice

ofthevalidityofthepatientsstatus,andthatthecircumstanceswereotherwiselawful,hopefullybeforecharges

arefiled.

The Medical Marijuana Program Act (MMP) (Senate bill 420, 2005)

Inorder togivelaw enforcement much neededguidanceas towhat amountsaredeemed appropriateand

toprovidequalifiedpatientsprotectionagainstunnecessaryarrestandprosecutiontheCaliforniaLegislature

enactedSenateBill420.

ACaliforniaCourtofAppealsrecentlyruledthatthelimits set by SB 420,(8oz.,6mature/12immatureplants)

(Health&SafetyCode11362.77)are unconstitutional intheprosecutionofpatients.AllotherportionsofSB

420remainineffectincludingrightsundercooperatives,co-ops,etc.

Healthand SafetyCode 11362.77 states that patients maypossess8 ounces (of buds) and cultivate 6

mature or 12 immatureplants.Onlythedryprocessedflowersaretobeconsideredwhenevaluatingthepermissibleamountof8ounces.Leafandstalksarenottobeconsidered.Theactalsoprovidesthatthe

physicianmayauthorizethepatienttohavehigheramountswhenitsnecessarytoensurethepatientsneeds

aremet.

meDiCAl mArijuAnA lAws


17/3615

(See:PEOPLEV.PHOMPHAKDY,(2008)165Cal.App.4th857atpage19oftheguide).Also

see:PEOPLEV.KELLY,(2008)163Cal.App.4th124].OnAugust13,2008,theCalifornia

Supreme Court voted unanimously to review the Kelly decision. The court limited its

reviewtotwoissues:1)DoesH&SCodesection11362.77unconstitutionallyamendtheCUAwithoutvoterapproval?2)Weretherealternativeremediestoinvalidatingthe11362.77in

itsentirety?WhateffectthiswillhaveontheCUAremainstobeseen.UntiltheCalifornia

SupremeCourthandsdownitsdecisionontheseissues,theKellycasecannotbeused

aslegalprecedent.Itmaytakeuptoseveralmonthsforthecourttoreachadecision.

Please see my next publication, e-mail to request my free newsletter to BMargolin@

MargolinLawOffice.com,orcheckmywebsiteforupdatesatwww.1800420laws.com.

ThereisnochangeastotheprotectionsestablishedbyProp.215asapatientcanstillhaveanyamount

consistentwiththeircurrentmedicalneeds.

Medical Marijuana Program 11362.775 H&S (Senate Bill 420, 2005)

Protects qualified patients who collectively and cooperatively cultivate marijuana for the medical use by the

patients from prosecution for marijuana offenses, including:

Possession HealthandSafetyCode11357

Cultivation HealthandSafetyCode11358

Possessionforsale HealthandSafetyCode11359

Sale,possessing,transporting,etc. HealthandSafetyCode11360etc.

ForInformationonCollectives,Co-OpsandDispensaries,seepages19-22oftheguide.

11362.765 H&S (MMP) (SB 420, 2005)

CAREGIVERS:

Thedesignatedprimarycaregivercanreceivecompensationforactualexpenses,includingreasonablecompen-

sationforservicesandoutofpocketexpensesandprotectionfromchargesof11360and11359H&S.Seethe

Definitionofprimarycaregiversectioninmyguideonpage16.

I.D.CARDS:

ByestablishingtheCounty Health I.D.Program,SB420hadprovidedprotectionfromarrestbythecreationof

guidelinesforthepolicetouseregardingtheamountofmarijuanamedicalpatientscouldpossessorcultivate.

However,theholdingsinKellyandPhomphakdyheldthattheguidelineswereunconstitutionallimits.Untilthe

PhomphakdycasebecomesfinalandtheCaliforniaSupremeCourtrulesontheKellycase,itremainsunclear

whatpolicypolicewillusetodeterminewhatamountpatientsmaypossessorcultivatewithoutbeingsubjected

toarrest,seizureandprosecution.

meDiCAl mArijuAnAlAws (continued)


18/3616

PrimAry CAreGivers

WHO:Aprimarycaregiverisanindividualdesignatedbytheaqualiedpatientandwhohasconsistently as-sumed responsibilityforthehousing,health,orsafetyofthatperson.11362.765(b)(3)extendstheprotectionsofSB420toincludeanyindividualwhoprovides assistance

toaqualiedpatientorapersonwithanidenticationcard,orhisorherdesignatedprimarycaregiver,inadministeringmedicalmarijuanatothequaliedpatientorpersonoracquiringthe skills necessary tocultivate or administermarijuanaformedicalpurposestothequaliedpatientorperson.

HOW:Howa primarycaregiverisdesignatedis notdescribed inthestatute,norhas anycaselawdealtclearlywiththisissue.Thereisnorequirementthatprimarycaregiversbedesignatedinwriting.Sen-ateBill420doesincludeprovisionsforthecountyhealthdepartmenttoissueI.D.cardsforprimarycaregivers. SeetheCountyHealthDepartmentIDCardsectioninmy guideonpage 24.Simplyprovidingmarijuanaaloneisnotenough.

REASONABLE COMPENSATION IS ALLOWED.Cultivationanddistributionforprotarenotauthorized.APRIMARYCAREGIVERwhoreceivescom-pensationforactualexpenses,includingreasonablecompensationincurredforservicesprovidedtoaneligiblequaliedpatienttoenablethatpersontousemarijuanaorforpaymentforout-of-pocketexpensesshallnotbesubjecttoprosecutionorpunishmentforpossessionforsale,etc.Thereisnorequirementthattheprimarycaregiverbedesignatedinwriting.

CultivationanddistributionforprotareNOTauthorized.

NotesfromBruce:Thecasesinterpretingthissectionarefew,butthefollowingcanbesaid:

1. Theprimarycaregiverismorelikelyaperson(individual),ratherthananorganization.Thecare-giverdenitioncanapplywhenapatientreceiveseithermedicalcareorsupportiveservices,orboth,fromaclinic,ahealthcarefacility,hospice,orahomehealthagency.

2.Theprimarycaregivercancareformorethanoneperson.SB420forbidscaregiversfromhavingmorethanonepatientunlessallofthemresideinthesamecityorcountyasdoesthecaregiver.Thismaybeanunconstitutionalrestrictionandissubjecttochallenge.

3.Allthe cases emphasize thephraseconsistently assumed theresponsibility,under Prop. 215laws.SeePEOPLEV.PERON(1997)[59Cal.App.4th1383]whichheldanorganizationcouldnotbeaqualiedcaregiverfor3000patients,becauseacaregivermustconsistentlyassumeresponsibilityoftheindividualpatients.Thecasedidrule,however,thatAprimarycaregiverwhoconsistentlygrowsandsuppliesphysician-approvedorprescribedmedicinalmarijuanaforsection11362.5pa-tientisservingahealthneedofthepatient,andmayseekreimbursement.Butthecaregivermust

domorethansupplymarijuana[PEOPLEV.WINDUS,(2008)165Cal.App.4th634]4.Nocaseholdsthatthepatientmustbeunabletogrowhisorherownmarijuanaasaconditionof

havingacaregiver.5.PersonsdesignatedasprimarycaregiversarealsoeligiblefortheIDcards.6.Somephysicianswilldesignatetheprimarycaregiverintheirlettersofapproval/recommendation.


19/3617

TheCaliforniaCourtofAppealsjustrecentlyruledthatthelimitssetbySB420,8oz.,etc.(Health&SafetyCode11362.77)areunconstitutionalintheprosecutionofpatients.AllotherportionsofSB420remainineffectincludingrightsundercooperatives.(See:PEOPLEVPHOMPHAKDY,(2008)165Cal.App.4th857)Notethatthedateruleduponwasveryrecentandbewareoffurtherreview.[Alsosee:PEOPLEV.KELLY,(2008)163Cal.App.4th124.]OnAugust13,2008,theCaliforniaSupremeCourtvotedunanimously

toreviewtheKellydecision.Thecourtlimiteditsreviewtotwoissues:1)DoesH&Scodesection11362.77unconstitutionallyamendtheCUAwithoutvoterapproval?And2)Weretherealternativeremediestoinvalidatingthe11362.77initentirety?WhateffectthiswillhaveontheCUAremainstobeseen.UntiltheCaliforniaSupremeCourthandsdownitsdecisionontheseissues,theKellycasecannotbeusedaslegalprecedent.Itmaytakeuptoseveralmonthsforthecourttoreachadecision.

There is no change as to the protections established by Prop. 215 as a patient may have any amountconsistentwiththeirmedicalneeds.Seepage23oftheguideaboutEvaluatingPatientNeeds.

Thesecountyandpolicesafeharborpoliciesexisttoprovideguidancetothecopsandhelpkeeppatientsfrombeingarrestedandprosecutedandtoavoidconfiscationoftheirmedicalmarijuana.

Thephysiciansopinionregardingtheamountsconsistentwiththepatientsneedstakesprecedence.(TrumpCard)

loCAl GuiDelinesthAt exCeeD sb 420

LOCALITIESNOTLISTEDBELOWMAYCONTINUETOADHERETOSB420STATEDEFAULTNON-ARREST,SEIZUREANDORPROSECUTIONGUIDELINESNOTWITHSTANTINGTHEKELLYANDPHOMPHAKDYCASES

BERKELEY:10plantsand2.5lbs.perpatient,orupto50plants,12.5lbs.forcollectives.BUTTECO:6matureor12immatureplants,1poundprocessedmaterial.

CALAVERASCO:BoardofSupervisorsapproved:6plantsand2pounds.DELNORTECO:AdoptedSonomacultivationguidelineswithmaximum100sq.ft.cultivationareaand99plantsorfewer;onepoundpossessionlimit.ELDORADOCO:Sheriff&DApolicy:Indoors-10floweringplants+10vegging+1mother;Outdoors:20startersor10matureplants,1-2lbs.processedmarijuana,dependingonseason.HUMBOLDTCO:100sq.ft.and3lbs.w/noplantnumberlimit.CityofEurekaPDandCHPenforceSB420limitsPatientIDcardsavailable.KERNCO:Statelimitineffect.(D.A.nolongerallowsupto49plantsand2pounds)MENDOCINOCO:SheriffandDApolicy:25plantsinnomorethan100sq.ft.,2lbs.processedmarijuanaperpatient.PatientIDcardsavailablefromSheriffsDept.NEVADACO:10plants(nottoyieldmorethan2lbs.);2lbs.processedmarijuanaOAKLAND:Indoors-72plantsinmaximum32sq.ft.growingarea.Outdoors-20plants,noarealimit.Weightlimit3lbs.driedmarijuanaperpatient.Collectivegardenslimitedto3patients.Dispensariesservingfourormorepatientsareallowedmax.6matureand12immatureplantsandpoundperpatient.Citylimitedtofourlicenseddispen-

saries.SANDIEGO(alsoCHULAVISTA):Upto1lb.ofmarijuana,24plantsin64sq.ft.indoors;nooutdoorsgrowingexceptinenclosedgreenhouses.PatientIDprogramtobeestablished.SANFRANCISCO:Upto24plantsor25sq.ft.ofcanopy;dispensarygardenscappedat99plantsin100sq.ft.Possessionlimit8oz.driedcannabisperpatient.IDcardsystemrunbySFHealth.SANTACRUZ:Cultivationofupto100sq.ft.ofcanopyand3lbs.ofmarijuana.CountyIDcardsavailablefromtheHealthDept.SONOMACO:DAsguidelinespermit3lbs.forpossession;maximum100sq.ft.cultivationareawith25plantsorfewerPatientsmayhaverecommendationsapprovedthroughSonomaMedicalAssociation.TheSB420limitamountsareunconstitutionalwhenappliedtotheprosecutionofapatient.[PEOPLEV.PHOMPHAKDY2008LEXIS1177]

See1880420laws.comforupdates


20/3618

PATIENTS RIGHT TO A HEARING TO DISMISS BEFORE TRIALPEOPLEV.MOWER(2002)[28Cal.4th457]-Whenafelonydefendantmeetstheburdenthatheisaqualiedpatient,thecaseshouldbedismissedpre-trial.(See402EvidenceCode:forMisdemeanors&prop.215)Thedefendanthad34plants.

ThiswasaunanimousCASupremeCourtrulingthatpatientsandcaregiversareentitledtoapre-trialhearingtodismisspossessionand/orcultivationoffenses.11362.5H&S

NotefromBruce:Theimmunityaffordedbyprop215(1996),andPEOPLEV.MOWER(2002),mayalso apply to the expanded protections under SB 420 for co-ops, collectives,members,andcaregivers.

PATIENTS ARE ENTITLED TO THE RETURN OF THEIR MEDICAL MARIJUANATHECITYOFGARDENGROVEV.THESUPERIORCT.,FELEXKHA[(2007)157Cal.App.4th355]Patientsmayevoketheirrighttohaveseizedmedicalmarijuanareturnedtothembyprovidingaveriedstate-

mentfromtheirdoctorandarenotrequiredtoprovideinformationastothesource.Federallawsincludingconspiracy,aiderandabettorarenotapplicablebecausethecityismerelyabidingtoacourtorder.PossessionofmedicalmarijuanaisnotacrimeintheStateofCalifornia

DOCTORS ORAL RECOMMENDATION AND PATIENTS TESTIMONY ALONE IS ENOUGHPEOPLEV.JONES(2003)[112Cal.App.4th341]-Patientstestimonyoforalapprovalfromadoctorissufcienttoraiseareasonabledoubt.(AlsoseePEOPLEV.WINDUS(2008)165Cal.App.4th634)

THE JUDGE CAN DISMISS PATIENTS CASE IN THE INTEREST OF JUSTICEPEOPLEV.KONOW(2004)[32Cal.4th995]-Apatient/defendantmayinformallysuggestthatthecourtdis-missthecomplaintintheinterestsofjustice,thecourthasthepowertodoso.

PATIENTS CAN DEFEAT PROBATION VIOLATIONS BASED UPON MEDICAL USE OF MARIJUANAPEOPLEV.TILEKOOH(2003)[113Cal.App.4th1433]-probationersareallowedtousemedicalmarijuanaevenwhenonprobationforcontrolledsubstanceoffensesincludingmarijuana.FederallawsarenotenforcedinourStatecourtsandthetermobeyalllawsasaconditionofprobationdoesnotincludefederallawstothecon-trary.(But,seePEOPLEV.BIANCO,(2001)93Cal.App.4th748holdingthatjudgesretaindiscretiontorefusetoallowmedicalmarijuanausewhileonprobation.)

GROWERS MAY NOT PROVIDE TO DISPENSARIES UNLESS AS A MEMBER OF A CO-OP OR COLLECTIVEPEOPLEV.GALAMBOS[(2002)104Cal.App.4th1147]-Thiscasehadheldthatthelimitedimmunitycreatedbythemedicalmarijuanalawsdidnotimplyimmunityforgrowerswhofurnishmarijuanatodispensa-ries.SeeSB420,regardingco-opandcollectiveprotectionsonpages20-23oftheguide.

COPS AND NARCOTIC OFFICERS MUST HAVE TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE IN MEDICAL MARI-JUANA LAWS AND MARIJUANAS LAWFUL USE TO BE ABLE TO TESTIFY AND EXPRESS THEIREXPERT OPINION THAT IT IS MARIJUANA SALESPEOPLEV.CHAKOS[(2007)158Cal.App.4th357]-Herethepatienthad6oz.,numerousbaggies,cash,scale,andTheOrangeCountySheriffwasanarcfor6yearsinvolvedinmorethanahundredinvestigationsforpos-sessionforsale,etc.Neverthelesstheconvictionwasreversedbecauseofhislackofknowledgeaboutpatientslegaluseofmedicalmarijuana.

APPellAte Court "lAnDmArk CAses"meDiCAl mArijuAnA


21/3619

TO QUALIFY A CAREGIVER MUST DO MORE THAN PROVIDE MARIJUANA AND OCCASIONALLYPROVIDE OTHER SERVICES TO A PATIENT. (IT MUST BE CONSISTENT!)[PEOPLEV.WINDUS,(2008)165Cal.App.4th634]

TRANSPORTATION IS PERMITTED

PEOPLEV.TRIPPET(1997)[56Cal.App.4th1532]-Thequantitypossessedbythepatientortheprimarycaregiver,andtheformandmannerinwhichitispossessed,shouldbereasonablyrelatedtothepa-tientscurrentmedicalneedsandProp.215impliedtransportationevenunderProp.215law.

PEOPLEV.WRIGHT(2006)[40Cal.4th81]-Transportationforpersonalmedicaluseisprotected.Herethede-fendant/patientdeniedhehadmarijuanainthecar,butthecopfoundnumerousbaggiestotalingslightlymorethanapound,ascaleandnosmokingdevices.Hewaschargedwithpossessionforsaleandtransportationandthejurywasinstructedonsimplepossession.Hisdoctortestiedthatheapprovedselfregulatingdosesandthatapoundeverytwoorthreemonthswasconsistentwithhismedicalneeds.Thedefendanttestiedthatthemarijuanawasforhisownuse.Thecourtheldthatthedefendantwasentitledtoassertthedefenseunder11362.77bandwasnotlimitedtoanyparticularamount.

PatientsareprotectedfromchargesofVehicleCode23222possessionofmarijuanainavehicle.

THE REASON FOR A DOCTORS RECOMMENDATION IS CONFIDENTIAL AND NOT TO BE SECONDGUESSED BY THE JUDGE, JURY OR PROSECUTORSPEOPLEV.SPARK(2004)[121Cal.App.4th259]-Thecompassionateusedefense(section11362.5)doesnotrequireadefendanttopresentevidencethatheorshewasseriouslyillthequestionofwhetherthemedicaluseofmarijuanaisappropriateforapatientsillnessisadeterminationtobemadebyaphysiciannottobesecond-guessedbyjurorswhomightnotdeemthepatientsconditiontobesufcientlyserious.

DOCTORS RECOMMENDATION MUST BE OBTAINED BEFORE THE BUSTPEOPLEV.RIGO(1999)[69Cal.App.4th409]-Adoctorsapprovalobtainedpost-arrestisnotadefense.NotefromBruce:

Apost-arrestDoctorsrecommendationcanbehelpfulinpleabargaining.

NINE AND A HALF POUNDS OR MORE MAY BE OKAY FOR PATIENTS TO POSSESS/CULTIVATEPEOPLEV.PHOMPHAKDY[(2008)165Cal.App.4th857]Phomphakdywaschargedwithpossessionforsaleof9.5lbs.ofmarijuana.AthistrialthecourtinstructedthejurythattheMedicalMarijuanaProgramActlimitedpa-tientsto8oz.driedmarijuana,6matureand12immatureplants.TheappellatecourtfoundthattheselimitssetbytheMMPwereunconstitutional.Therefore,becausethetrialcourtmisinformedthejury,Phomphakdysconvictionwasreversed. See page 23 Experts Testimony regarding the Nine and a Half Pounds.

ONCE A PATIENT HAS DOCTORS APPROVAL OR RECOMMENDATION IT DOES NOT EXPIRE NOTWITH-STANDING THE DATE IT WAS GIVEN OR THAT THE LETTER HAS AN EXPIRATION DATEDoctorsapprovalorrecommendationdoesnotexpireeventhoughtheirletterindicatesitdoes.SeePEOPLEV.WINDUS,(2008)165Cal.App.4th634.Windushadarecommendthatwasthreeyearsoldwhenhewasarrested. Hisdoctortestiedat trialthatthe1.6poundsWindushadwhenhewasbustedwasreasonablyrelatedtohismedicalneedsatthattime.ThecourtheldthattheCUAdoesnotstatethatrecommendationsexpireorthattheymustberenewed.

AMOUNT A PATIENT CAN POSSESS IS THAT WHICH IS REASONABLY RELATED TO HIS CURRENT MEDICAL NEEDSPEOPLEV.PHOMPHAKDY[(2008)165Cal.App.4th857]9.5Lbsormoremaybeokayforpatientstopossess/cultivate.Acourtqualiedexpert(medicaldoctorornot)mayestablishthatthemarijuanaapatienthaswasreasonablynecessarybecauseofinconsistentsupply.

APPellAte Court "lAnDmArk CAses"meDiCAl mArijuAnA (ContinueD)


22/3620

NotwithstandingFederallawtothecontrary,Californiamedicalmarijuanalawsprotectpatientsandcaregivers who form collectives and co-ops to cultivate (and provide) marijuana to the member patients.(11362.775HealthandSafetyCode;SB420statesthefollowing:

Qualiedpatients(withorwithoutcountyhealthdepartmentIDcards)andthedesignatedprimarycaregiversorqualiedpatients,WHOASSOCIATECOLLECTIVELYORCOOPERATIVELYTOPROVIDEMARIJUANAFORMEDICALPURPOSES,shallnotbesubjecttostatecriminalsanctionsforanymarijuanaoffense[SB420section11362.775H&S].

ItistheintentoftheLegislature,therefore,toenhancetheaccessofpatientsandcaregiverstomedicalmari-juanathroughcollective,cooperativecultivationprojects.

NotefromBruce:Collectivesandco-opsshouldbedemocraticallyoperatedpatientnon-protorganizations.SeetheLegallyDefensibleCollective/Co-opssectionoftheguideonpage22.

COLLECTIVESANDCO-OPSARENOTDEFINEDBYSB420.Collectivesandco-ops,abidingbylocallawsandguidelines,existthroughoutthestateandcanlegallydispensemarijuanatotheirmembers.SB420section11362.765(b)(3)protectsandgivesimmunitynotonlytopatientsandcaregivers,butalsotopersonsprovidingassistanceinadministeringmarijuanatopatients.Section11362.765(b)(3).

D isPensAriesDispensariesthatarenotpatientco-opsorcollectives,andsellmarijuanaoverthecountertoanyonewhopres-entsadoctorsletter,maynotqualifyforprotectionunderCaliforniasmedicalmarijuanalaws.(SeePEOPLEV.PERON,(1997)59Cal.App.1383.) However,SB420 contemplatestheformationandoperationofmedicinalmarijuanaco-operativesandcollectivesthatwouldreceivereimbursementformarijuanaandtheservicespro-

videdinconjunctionwiththeprovisionofthatmarijuana.Patientcooperativesorcollectivescancultivateanddispensetotheirmemberpatients.SeethePEOPLEV.URZICEANU132CalApp.4th747ExampleofaLegallyDefensibleCo-Opsectiononpage22.

TherearehundredsoforganizationscurrentlydispensingmedicalmarijuanainCalifornia;manyareconform-ingtolocalregulations.Theyarebeingtoleratedbecausetheymeettheneedsofpatientsandarecarefultoprovideonlytopatients.Somehavebeencloseddown,particularlyinSanDiegoCounty,eitherduetofederalprosecutionorthethreatofprosecution.OtherslastyearwereraidedintheLA/HollywoodareabyfederalDEAagents.Mosthavesincere-opened,buttheirmedicineandmoneywereseized.Veryfewdispensariesoverthelast10yearshavebeenprosecuted.

Ihavesuccessfullyrepresentednumerousbusteddispensaries.

LACountysupervisorsinMay2006passedregulationsformedicalmarijuanadispensariesinunincorporatedareasofLosAngelesCounty.TheCityofWestHollywoodhaspassedregulationsthatincluderestrictionsonthedistancebetweendispensariesandschools,andrequirecommercialfrontage,etc. However,asnoted above,theFedsdontseemtocarehowcompliantorwellrunthesedispensariesare;theyneverthelessindiscriminatelytaketheirmedicineandmoneyonoccasion.Thankfully,veryseldomdoFederalprosecutorsbringcharges

againstthem.SeetheFederalSentencingGuidelinessectionoftheguideonpage13.

PAtientColleCtives AnDCooPerAtives AreleGAl unDer CAliForniAl Aw


23/3621

Co-oPs AnDColleCtives TheCaliforniaMedicinalMarijuanaProgramActcommonlyknownasSenateBill420,broughtaboutadramaticchangeinthewaythatpatientsandcaregiversmayobtainanddistributemedicalmarijuana.Mostimportant,theymayassociatewithinthestateofCaliforniainordercollectivelyorcooperativelytocultivatemarijuanaformedicalpurposes.[H&S11362.775].

Arguably,acollectiveisagroupoftwoormorepatientsand/orcaregiverswhogrowatanumberoflocations,andpooltheirmedicinesothatitcanbesharedamongthemembers.Acooperative,orco-op,isagroupofpeoplewhogrowtogetheratonelocationandsharetheirmedicine.

Dispensariesareintendedtoapplytheprinciplesofthecollectiveonalargerscale,makingmedicineavailabletoalargernumberofpatients.Tworulesapplytoallofthesegroups:Nomarijuanamaybedivertedfornon-medicalpurposes,andnoneofthisactivitymaybedoneforprot.QuestionsofwhatisprotareunderreviewbytheCaliforniaSupremeCourtinPEOPLEV.MENTCH(2006)[143Cal.App.4th1461].Theyindicatedthatprotisaquestionforthejurytodecide.NotefromBruce:

Protdoesnotnecessarilyexcludereasonablecompensationforworkandeffort.Protmeanswhatisleftoverafterreasonableexpenses.Anyprotshouldbereturnedtothemembersorusedtoreducecostsoftheirmedicineorprovidefacilitiesandcarefortheirpatientfundforthesepurposes.

Stay informed and updated:

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Email me at [email protected]


24/3622

An exAmPleoF A leGAlly DeFensibleCo-oP

PEOPLEV.URZICEANU[2005132Cal.App.4th747]TheCaliforniacourtofappealsheldthatunderthefactsofthiscasethedefendant(patient)wasen-titledtoraisethecollectivedefenseunderSenateBill420asadefensetothechargesofpossessionforsale,sales,andcultivationofmarijuana.

ThedefendantrantheFloraCarepatientcollective,whichcultivatedbetween190-300plantsattheirlocation.Anundercoveragent,posingasapatient,purchased$160.00worthofmarijuana.

HOWTHECOLLECTIVEWORKED:*Theplantswerecollectivelygrownforthemembers;somewereownedbyindividualmembers.*Bakedgoodswereavailabletothepatients.*Atypedlistsuggesteddonationvaluesfortheproducts.*Therewereafewhundredmembers,witha$25membershipfee,atleastadozenofwhomassistedingrowingandpruningthemarijuana.*Fifteenmembersassistedintheintakeofnewmembers,andwerecompensatedfortheirworkintheformofgasmoneyandmarijuana.

*Oneofthememberswoulddelivermarijuanatopatients.

Patients/memberssignedMEMBERSHIPAGREEMENTS.

Theiragreementstated:

1. Ihavebeendiagnosedwithaseriousillnessforwhichcannabisprovidesreliefandhavereceivedarecommendationorapprovalfrommyphysiciantousecannabis.

2. IunderstandthatmycontributionsforproductsImayacquirefromthisorganizationareusedtoen-surecontinuedoperationandthatthistransactioninnowayconstitutescommercialpromotion.

3. ThemoneyIpayistohelpthecollectivecontinuetoprovideitsmemberswithmarijuanaforourmedicinalneeds.

4. FloraCareisacollectivewiththemedicalmarijuanainpossessionofallitsmembers.5. IdesignateFloraCareasmyproviderformymedicinalmarijuana.

ADDITIONALFACTSinthecase:

Thepolicefound$2,800incashandpay/owesheetsatthecollectiveresidence. The ofcersfoundatleast51plantsin thegreenhouse(2-4feet tall)andanother 259 plants

aroundthepoolandbackyardforatotalof410pounds.Itwasestimatedthatbetween11and32poundsofmarijuanawouldbeproduced,sufcientfor12-20chronicpainpatientsperyear.

Somepatientstestiedthattheyweremembersofthecooperative;othersbelievedtheyownedanumberoftheplants.Onetestiedthathewasamemberofanothercooperativeaswellduringthesametime.

Severalpatientshadmade donationstoreceivemedicalmarijuana,othersweregivenfreemari-juanaandplants,andanotherhaspaid$50foraneighth.

Theorganizationtookin$3-4thousand/day.


25/3623

how mAny PlAnts CAn A PAtient Grow?

The ultimate question is always whether the amount possessed, cultivated or transported isreasonablyrelatedtothepatientscurrentmedicalneeds.

Thenationalmedicalmarijuanaprescriptionstandard,establishedbytheNationalInstituteonDrugAbuseintheirCompassionateInvestigationalNewDrugProgram,isaboutahalf-poundpermonthor2ouncesperweekperpatient,whichworksoutto6poundsperyear.Alargenumberofplants

areneededtocultivatethatamountofbud.SB420 [11362.77H & S,Jury Instruction12.24.1]setsa per patient guideline rangeof 6 mature or12 immature plants and 8 ounces of dried, processed medical marijuana. These are safe harbororthresholdamounts,notaceiling.However,theseguidelineswererecentlyruledunconstitutionalbecausetheywereinterpretedbythecourtaslimits.(SeePEOPLEV.PHOMPHAKDY (2008)165Cal.App.4th857)

UnderProp.215(CompassionateUseActof1996)therearenolimitsastohowmanyplantsorhowmuchmarijuanaapatientmaypossessorcultivate.SB420legislationcouldnotdiminishtherightscreatedbytheProp.215initiative

Thedoctorsevaluationisthestandardforthepatient,lawenforcementandthecourts.

The1992DEACannabisYieldsstudyconcludedthattheweightofthe dried,manicured,medicalgradebudfromaplantonlyaccountsfor710%oftheplantstotalwet

Defense expert testimony may explain the factors involved in growing and harvesting medicalmarijuanainordertohelpthejudgeorjuryevaluatewhetherthenumberofplantsseizedwasreasonablyrequiredtomeetthethen-currentmedicalneedsofthepatient.

Factorsinclude:

Whattheexpectedyieldofmedical-grademarijuanabudsfromtheplantsinquestion.Whetherthegrowisindoorsoroutdoors.Outdoorgrowscanonlybeharvestedonceayear,whereasindoorgrowsmayyieldlesspercropbutmayyieldtwotothreeharvests

eachyear.Whetherthepatientsmokesoreatsmarijuana. Patientswhoeatmarijuanamayneedtoconsumeuptofourtimestheamounttogetthesamemedicinaleffectaspatientswhosmokeit.Whetherthepatienthasbuiltupatoleranceduetopriorpharmaceuticalorstreetdruguse.Suchpatientsmayrequirehigherdosagesofmedicalmarijuana.Theeffectofweather,insectsandothernaturalvariablesthataffectyields.Howmuchmedicineapatientmustsetasidetoallowforthespeculativeyieldfromagrow.

The expert testimonyin the Phomphakdy case regarding the evaluation of a patients needs (2008)165Cal.App.4th857:ChristopherConradisanexpertonmarijuana.Inhisopinion,itisextremelycommonforusersofmedicalmarijuanatokeepsuppliesofmarijuanaonhand.Thisisbecausedispensariesroutinelyarebeingshutdownallaroundthestate,leavingpatientswithnowheretogoexcepttheblackmarket,whichcanbeunreliable,dangerous,[and]expensive.Itisalsocommonforusersofmedicalmarijuanatostoremarijuanainmultiplebagstokeeptrackofthedifferentvarietiesofmarijuanathatcomefromdifferentplantsandtomoreeasilycarryandhandleitforthemselves.Marijuanacanbestoredforveyearswithoutlosingasignicantamountofitspotency.Marijuanacanbeingestedeitherbysmokingitoreatingit.Whenmarijuanaiseaten,apatientneedstoconsumebetweenthreetovetimesasmuchwhenitissmoked.AccordingtoastudybytheNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,atypicalmarijuanaplantofaboutsixfeetpro-ducesaboutfourouncesofnishedbud.Itisextremelydifculttoanticipatetheyieldfromamarijuanaplantbecauseitishardtotellhowmuchaplantwillgrowandhowpestsordiseasemightaffecttheplant.Thetotaluseableamounthere-calculatedbyConradtobeapproximatelynineandone-halfpounds-wasenoughforaone-yearsupplyorlessifthemarijuanawaseatenorathree-yearsupplyifsmoke.InConradsopinion,theamountherecouldbeusedbyanindividualpatientorsharedamongpatients:itwasalargesupplyforanindividualpatientorarelativelysmallsupplyifitwasgoingtobesharedamongpatients.


26/3624

County heAlth DePArtmentPAtient iD CArDs

SB42011362.71(f)ItshallnotbenecessaryforapersontoobtainanidenticationcardinordertoclaimtheprotectionsofSection11362.5[Prop.215].

Thepatientidcardprogram:Toestablishandmaintaina24-hourtoll-freetelephonenumberthatwillenablestateandlocallawenforcementofcerstohaveimmediateaccesstoinformationneces-sarytoverifythevalidityofanidenticationcardissuedbythedepartment,untilacost-effectiveInternetWeb-basedsystemcanbedevelopedforthispurpose.SB420makesitmandatoryforlawenforcementtocomply.

NotesfromBruce:TheIDsystemisdesignedwithsafeguardstoprotectpatientprivacy.

SB420criminalizescondentialitybreachesofinformationprovidedto,orcontainedinthere-cordsof,thedepartmentorofacountyhealthdepartmentorthecountysdesigneepertainingtoanidenticationcardprogram.[SB42011362.81(d)]Thismeansthattherecanbenoreportingofcondentialinformationaboutmedicalmarijuanausetooutsideagencies,includingthefederal

government.

meDiCAlmArijuAnAwhileonProbAtion, PArole, orinjAil

PEOPLEV.TILEKOOH(2003)[113Cal.App.4th1433]Apatientmayusethemedicalmarijuanalawsasadefenseagainstprobationviolationsformarijuanaoffenses.Thedecisionreiteratesthatfed-erallawisnotabartotherightsofCaliforniansundertheprotectionsaffordedbyourmedicalmarijuanalaws.Californiacourtsdonotenforcefederallawsandtheterm,obeyalllawsasaconditionofproba-

tion,doesnotincludefederallaws.

PersonswhoareincarceratedmaynotbepunishedorpreventedfromobtainingapatientIDcardSB42011362.785(b).

Nothingprohibitsaprisonerorapersonunderarrest,whohasanIDcard,fromusingmarijuanaformedicalpurposesundercircumstancesthatwillnotendangerthehealthorsafetyofotherprisonersorthesecurityofthefacilitySB42011362.775(c).

Probationersandparoleesmayconrmwiththecourtorparoleboardthattheyareallowedtousemedicalmarijuana.SB42011362.795.SeePeronv.Bianco(2001)104Cal.App.4th357

meDiCiAl ConCentrAteD CAnnAbis (hAshish)

AlthoughtheCompassionateUseAct(Proposition215)doesnotexplicitlydenemarijuana,theCaliforniaUniformControlledSubstancesAct,CaliforniaJuryInstruction,theOfceoftheAttorneyGeneral,andSenateBill420-providefurtherclaricationandarguablyconcurthatthedenitionofmarijuanaincludesconcentratedcannabisundertheCompassionateUseAct.


27/3625

ALABAMA:POSSESSION:anyamount(inthe2nddegree)-M/1yr/$6,000;anyamount(inthe1stdegree)-F/1yr-10yrs/$15,000

SALE/TRAFFICKING:2.2lbsto100lbs-F/MMI3yrs/$25,000;100lbsto500lbs-F/MMI5yrs/$50,000;500lbsto1,000lbs-F/MMI15yrs/$200,000;>1,000lbs-F/MMIlifeinprison;onornearschoolcampus-F/5yrsadditional

PARAPHERNALIA:possession/sale-M/1yr/$6,000;saletoaminor-F/2yrs-20yrs/$30,000

ALASKAPOSSESSION:4oz.

F/5yrs./$50,000;Anyamountwithin500ft.ofcampus,school,orothereducationalinstitute-F/5yrs./$50,000SALE/CULTIVATION:1oz.-F/5yrs./$50,000;

ARIZONA

POSSESSION:


28/3626

IDAHO:POSSESSION:3oz-F/Upto5yrs/$10,000;

TRAFFICKINGORSALES:1lbto5lbs-F/MMI1yr/$5,000;5lbs.to25lbs-F/MMI3yrs/$10,000;>25lbs-F/MMI5yrs/$15,000

PARAPHERNALIA:Possession-M/1yr/$1,000

ILLINOIS:POSSESSION:5,000g-F/4yrs-15yrs/$25,000+

CULTIVATION:201plants/4yrs-15yrs/$25,000+

SALE/DELIVERY: 5,000g-F/6yrs-30yrs/$25,000+;tominor-F/Doubled/Doubled

*Anypersonwhodeliversnotmorethan10gramsofanysubstancecontainingmarijuanawithoutmonetaryexchangewillbechargedasa

possessionoffense.

INDIANA:

POSSESSION:30g-F/2yrs-8yrs/$10,000

SALE/CULTIVATION: 10lbs-F/2yrs-8yrs/$10,000;tominor-anyamount-F/6mos-3yrs/$10,000;inrestrictedarea-F/2yrs-8yrs/$10,000

PARAPHERNALIA:Possession-civilinfraction/$500;recklesspossession-M/180days/$1,000;Sale-M/180Days/$1,000;2ndoffense-F/6mos-3yrs/$10,000;recklesssale-M/1yr/$5,000;2ndoffense-F/6mos-3yrs/$10,000

IOWA: POSSESSION:Anyamount-1stoffense-M/6

mos/$1,000-2nd

offense-F/1yr/$1,500-3rd

offense-F/2yrs/$500-$5,000;Possessiononrestrictedpropertywouldresultin100hrs.OfCommunityServiceforpublicagencyinadditiontopenaltiesacquired

SALE/CULTIVATION: 1,000kg-F/50yrs/$1,000,000;onrestrictedproperty-F/additional5yrs

KANSAS:POSSESSION:Anyamount-1stoffense-M/1yr/$2,500;subsequentoffense-M/1yr-3yrs/$100,000

CULTIVATION>5plants-F/11.5yrs-17yrs;SALE:Anyamount-F/12mos-51mos/$300,000;inrestrictedarea-F/4yrs-7yrs/$300,000

KENTUCKY:POSSESSION:


29/3627

MISSOURI:POSSESSION:100kg-F/10yrs-life/$5,000-$20,000

SALE/TRAFFICKING:100kg-F/10yrs-life,$5,000-$20,000;saletominor-F/5yrs-15yrs/$5,000-$20,000;salenearrestrictedzone-F/10yrs-life/$5,000-$20,000

PARAPHERNALIA: use-M/1yr/$1,000;delivery/manufacturing-F/4yrs/$5,000Note:Iftheoffenderhasgainedmoneyorpropertythroughthecommissionofthecrime,topayanamount,fixedbythecourt,notexceedingdoubletheamountoftheoffendersgainfromthecommissionofthecrime.Anindividualoffendermaybefinednotmorethantwentythousanddollarsunderthisprovision.

MONTANA:

POSSESSION:


30/3628

OREGON: POSSESSION:


31/3629

When BruceM.Margolingraduatedfrom law

school in1967, the time was rightfora criminal

defensepracticespecializingindrugcharges.

Itwastheadventmiddle-classhippiesgetting

bustedformarijuanaandIstartedgettinghundreds

ofcases,saysMargolin,whostillpracticesinWestHollywoodjustofftheSunsetStrip.Isawthatthe

lawwassounfairandunjust;puttingtheseyoung

kidsinjailalongwiththemurderers,robbers,and

rapistsandIdecidedthattheyneededadefense

beyondthecourts."

" The feedback I got from representing that

kind of defendant was powerful and spiritually

awakening.

Another plus for his practice was the Supreme

CourtdecisioninMappv.Ohio(81S.Ct.1684).

I was very up on constitutional law., says

Margolin,whoduringhisfirstthreeyearsinpractice

handled as many as four cases a day regarding

search and seizure issues. Police officers often

didntknowthelaws,andthecourtsalmostalways

granteddismissals.

Margolins plan includes using the state attorneygenerals office to mount a challenge to federal druglaws,usinga states rights argument.Nextup would betotakeacarefullookatotherdrugstoseewhethertheyshouldbedecriminalized.Drugabuserswouldbefunneledthrough drug court-type rehabilitation programs, (insteadof incarceration). We have to look atall drug laws andevaluatewhetherwearegettingtherighteffect. He stresses that he isnt promoting marijuana, justa change in the laws and an end to the marijuanaprohibition. Criminalenforcementofdruglawsare expensive, and the money could be better spentelsewhere, Margolin said. For instance, enforcementdollarscouldgotowardaschoolprogramthat,asearlyasthirdgrade,educateschildrenabouttheconsequencesofcriminalactions,includingdruglaws. Inthemeantime,marijuanaispotentiallythelargestcashcropinCalifornia,saysMargolin.Ifitwerelegalized,the states sales tax alone would bring in a tremendousamountoftaxrevenue.

Reprintedw/permissionfromLosAngelesDailyJournal

more About bruCe Daily Journal, January 8, 1996

Daily Journal, September 2, 2003 (Excerpt)

Reprintedw/permissionfromLosAngelesDailyJournal


32/3630

Win or lose,AttorneyBruceMargolin, ayogapractitioner for 30 years, is making a case for

issues few serious politicians are even willing totalkabout.AndMr.Margolin,despitethetwinklein

his eye and the chaos in his West Hollywood lawoffice, is very serious indeed. A fiscal conservative

andasocialliberal,he puts individual

rights and hum anrights at the top of

his political agenda,meditation and yoga

classattheendofhisday.

Thecandidatesyoga

practicetodaystillmainlyfocuses on meditation,whichhe does nightly and before all

meals. He is a long-timestudent of Mas VidalandhealsopracticesatYogaWorks.

One of the things Margolin would do, givenhisknowledgeofConstitutionallaw,istohelpturn

Californiaintoa havenfortheBillionDollarHolisticHealthcareindustry.

Phonesring,interns andassistantsrushin

andout.Suddenly,withhisnameontheballot,there are interviews,pressarrangements, and a

campaigntoputtogether,despitethecampaignhesbeenrunningfor30years-toreformunjustdruglaws.

MargolinisthecriminaldefenseattorneywhohandledtheTimothy Learycase.Hisrelationship

toLeary stemmed from his friendship with RamDass, with whom Margolin traveled in India in

the1970s.LikeRamDass,Margolingaveuphissuccessful professional practice and came back

fromIndiare-incarnated,sotospeak,asamanwithamission.

Margolinsplatform isbuiltonindividualrights, prison reform, and legalization

of marijuana. Californians, says

Margolin, are tired of seeing peopleincarceratedoverthisbenign,mislabeled,mis-scheduled, and misunderstood

medicinal herb... the drug war is awaste of tax dollars. Those dollars

shouldbespentonrehabilitationandeducation,hebelieves.Druglawsand

the enforcement of them, includingmaintainingnon-violentoffendersin

prison, costs billions.And billionsmore, Margolin believes, could

become State income, insteadof income for drug dealers, if

marijuanawastaxed.Thisisanissuenoonewantstotouch,

Margolin says, not even myfriend Jerry Brown when he

wasGovernorinthe70s.Whyshouldyoubeelected

Governor?Iaskhim.My whole life has beendedicatedtoservice...and

I know how to get things

done."

Itmaynotbeamovement,butyogaandanew

takeonhowtogovernhasbeenquietlysneakingintopoliticslately.byBoBBellenoff

L.A. Yoga Magazine, 2003

Reprintedw/permissionfromLAYogaMagazineReprintedw/permissionfromLAYogaMagazine

more About bruCe


33/3631

rePortto the PeoPleByBruceMargolin

IamencouragedbytheCaliforniaappellatecourtsrecentrulings.Theyhaveconsistentlycon-rmedtherightsofpatientsandthevalidityofourCaliforniamedicalmarijuanalaws.Thecourtshaveclariedthatpatientshavetherighttohavetheirseizedmedicalmarijuanareturnedtothem.Additionallythecourtshaveclariedthattherearenolimitsontheamountofmedicinalmarijuanapatientsandtheircaregiverscangrowandpossessotherthanthatitbeanamountthatisreason-

ablefortheirpersonalmedicaluse.Policeornarcoticsofcerswhohavenotreceivedtrainingregardingmedicalmarijuanaarenotqualiedtotestifyinmedicalmarijuanacases.

PleasenotetheformationofTHENATIONALINSTITUTEOFCOURTQUALIFIEDCANNABISEXPERTS.Iamthefounderanddirector.OurfacultyincludessuchnotablesascourtqualiedcannabisexpertsChrisConrad,BillBritt,Dr.DavidBearmanM.D.andmydaughter-superattorneyAllisonMargolin.Wehaveclassesonceamonth,weareacceptingresumesfromthoseinterestedinbecomingcourtqualiedcannabisexperts,andweofferscholarshipstoselectapplicants.Certicationisprovidedtoqualiedstudentsuponcompletionofthecourse.Sendresumesviafax(310.652.1501)oremail([email protected]).

Additionally,whenSanDiegoCountyrefusedto implementtheCountyHealthDepartmentI.D. CardProgram,theappellatecourtmadeitclearthatFederallawisNOTabartorightsforpatientsinCalifornia.Thegovernmentmust

abidebyeachstate'smedicalmarijuanalaws.However,itisimportanttobeawarethatonesabilitytodefendone-selfinstatecourtmaybehamperedbythethreatoffederalprosecution.

After40yearsofpracticeasacriminaldefenseattorney,andworkingtoreformmarijuanalaws,Inditincrediblydisappointingthatwehaveyettoendmarijuanaprohibitionandlegalizeitforalladults,whethermedicalornot.However,Idobelievethatsoontheseprohibitionlawswillfallsuddenly,liketheBerlinWall.ThisispartofthereasonIwholeheartedlysupportBarackObamaforpresident.Itrustandhopethathewillbeinstrumentalinendingthisprohibition.Whenthathappens,itwillendthetremendouswasteoflawenforcementresources,theneedlesssuffer-ingofthoseprosecutedandtheirfamilies.Hopefullythiswillfreethe35poorsoulsthatarecurrentlyservinglifeforviolatingfelonymarijuanalawswhichcountedastheirthirdfelonyunderthedraconianCaliforniathreestrikeslaw.

Legalizationwillhelpsavetheplanetfromourdependenceonfossilfuelbypavingthewayfortheuseofhemp

bio-fuel,paperproducts,etc.

Unfortunately,thequestionremainsastojusthowmuchlongeritwilltakebeforeotherwisefreeAmericansdonothavetoendurethethreatofarrest,incarcerationandviolationsoftheirhumanrightsforwhatshouldbetheirrightochoosetousemarijuana.

Pleasejoininoureffortstoreformmarijuanalaws.Thereissomuchthatcanbedone.Agreatstartistosendyourviewsinletters,e-mailorotherwise,tonewspapereditorsandyourrepresentativesintheCaliforniaStateSenate,Assembly,andtheU.S.congress.Pleasegototheinternetorphonebookforeasyac-cesstorepresentativesinyourdistrict.Takepartandyouwillfeelgood.Toomanyofusthinkthatsomeoneelsewilldoit;however,everylettermakesadifference,especiallywhenthecorrespondenceisfroma citizenintheirlegislatorsdistrict.

Ourcampaignisnotfueledbyanyspecialinterests,weresimplyunitedandmotivatedbyourviewthatmarijuanaprohibitionlawsjustdontworkandareterriblyunjust.

Join N.O.R.M.L. and/or some of the other great organizations working to reform the laws. Go to NORML.ORGCANORML.ORGorLANORML.ORGorcall(310)652-8654

Youcandownloadmyguideonlineonmywebsite.1800420laws.com


34/3632

ClientName: Courthouse: Charges: Results:

PEOPLEV.A.S.10-5-07 LAX POSSESSIONOFLESSTHANANOZ.OFMETH-AMPHETAMINE

CASEDISMISSED-1538.5MOTIONTOSUP-PRESSEVIDENCEONILLEGALSEARCHANDSEIZUREGRANTED

PEOPLEV.B.I.10-3-07 CCB POSSESSIONOFAPPROX.2OZ.OFMARIJUANA,PROSTITUTION,ANDDRIVINGWITHASUS-PENDEDLICENSE

RECEIVEDFORMALDIVERSION

PEOPLEV.M.G.1-10-07 FULLERTON TRANSPORTATION/FELONYPOSSESSIONOF

MUSHROOMSANDLESSTHANONEOZ.OFMARIJUANA

CASEDISMISSED-1538.5MOTIONTOSUP-

PRESSEVIDENCEONILLEGALSEARCHANDSEIZUREGRANTED

PEOP LEV.B.H.4-18-06 BURBA NK HS11359,HS11360( B),BP 4060,VC23222(B) CA SEDISMISSEDUPONSUCCESSOFCO MPLE-TIONOFDEJ

PEOPLEV.G.B.10-4-06 ALHAMBRA RAPE,CHILDMOLESTATION,ANDSEXUALPENETRATIONBYAFOREIGNOBJECT

WON995MOTIONONRAPECHARGEDISMISSED

PEOPLEvsVD08-12-08 InglewoodJuvy POSSESSIONFORSALEMJHASH,SCALE,MONEY.

DISMISSEDON72HOURSCOMMUNITYSERVICE

PEOPLEVS MH-4-18-07 USFEDERALDISTRICTS ANTAANA S ALEOFHUNDEREDS OFECSTACYPILLS MDMATOUSFEDERALAGENTS

REDUCEDTOCHARGETOACCESSORY6MONTHSHOUSEARRESTANDAVOIDEDDEPORTATION

PEOP LEVSV.T.E02-28-07 SACR AMENTO(FRESNO) 20LB T RANSP ORTATIONA NDPOSSESSIONFORSALEOFMARIJUANATOADISPENSARYINLOSANGELES

MEDICALMJDEFENSEPRESENTEDDAAGREEDTOREJECT

PEOPLEVSV.S.B.08-14-08 INGLEWOOD DISPENSARYOPERATOR10JARSMJANDHASH,11360AND59H&S

MEDICALMJDEFENSEPRESENTEDDAAGREEDTOREJECT

PEOP LEVSV.D.J.07-31-08 SANBERNA RDINO 530PLANTS11358&11359H&S,476GRANDTHEFTUTILITIES

180DAYSHOUSEARREST

PEOPLEVSV.D.D.7-22-08 MALIBU TRANSPORTATIONOFHASH CASEDISMISSEDMEDICAL1385MOTION

PEOPLEV.H-S.L.5-21-08 VANNUYS HOUSESEARCHED,CHARGEDWITHPOSSES-SIONOFLESSTHANONEOZ.OFMARIJUANA

CASEDISMISSEDONMEDICALMARIJUANADEFENSE

PEOPLEV.M.R.5-16-08 LAX APACKAGESENTTOHIMCONTAININGALARGEAMOUNTOFU.S.CURRENCY,2LBS.OFMARI-

JUANA,SCALES,ANDPACKINGSUPPLIES.

CASEDISMISSED-1538.5MOTIONTOSUP-PRESSEVIDENCEONILLEGALSEARCHANDSEIZUREGRANTED

PEOPLEV.M.L.5-12-08 CCB 2LBS.OFMARIJUANA,SCALESANDBAGGIESFOUND,MARIJUANAFORSALE

PLEDGUILTYTOCHARGEASAWOBBLER,GIVEN90DAYSCOMMUNITYSERVICE

PEOPLEV.H.M.4-24-08 LAX QUESTIONEDREGARDINGAPACKAGESENTV

margolin guide updated 2008

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