marine and port related emission reductions - cleanairinfo.com · marine and port related emission...

Working together for clean air

Marine and Port Related Emission

ReductionsDennis J. McLerran

2006 Air Innovations ConferenceSeptember 7, 2006

Sector-Based Strategies & Multi-Pollutant Approaches/ Dennis McLerran/ September 7, 20062

The challengePuget Sound area accomplishmentsWest Coast Collaborative & other West Coast initiatives

Presentation Outline


About Us


Increased Focus on Marine and Port Emissions

Port growth along the West Coast will be a challengeWe want jobs and healthy environmentAvoiding LA/Long Beach scenario is motivating factor along with public health driversNew PM 2.5 standards increase focus on healthAir toxics exposure a huge concern as most risk found near ports


U.S. Mobile Source SO2 InventorySOx emissions from marine diesel engines are high due to the sulfur content of residual fuel used in C3 engines

2030 Mobile Source SO2 Inventory(475,500 tons)

CI Marine0%

Other Nonroad6%

C3 Marine81%

CI NR0%

Highway9%

Locomotive0%

Aircraft4%


Other Nonroad3%

CI Marine5%

C3 Marine21%

Highway41%

CI NR20%

Locomotive8%

Aircraft2%


CI Marine0%

Other Nonroad6%

C3 Marine81%

CI NR0%

Highway9%

Locomotive0%

Aircraft4%


Other Nonroad3%

CI Marine5%

C3 Marine21%

Highway41%

CI NR20%

Locomotive8%

Aircraft2%

48-state inventories; includes Tier 4 Non-road


Puget Sound Maritime Air Forum

Broad participationFocus on accurate inventory Partners in this effort include:

Ports of Seattle, Tacoma, Everett and AnacortesPuget Sound, Northwest and Olympic Clean Air AgenciesAmerican Lung Association of WashingtonPacific Merchant Shipping AssociationWashington State FerriesWestern States Petroleum Association Burlington Northern Santa FeInternational Longshore Workers


Puget Sound Area Accomplishments

Retrofit projects Fuel switching to ulsd and biodiesel blends is widespreadCruise ship electrificationGreen terminal designHolland America Seawater ScrubberGreat collaboration


Port of Tacoma2.1 million TEU’s in 2005Expect 10 million TEU’sby 2025Straddle carrier retrofitsBiodiesel in cargo-handling equipmentEvergreen green shipsLocomotive retrofits


Port of Seattle

2.1 million TEU’s in 2005Cruise ship electrificationUltra-low sulfur dieselCargo-handling retrofitsBiodiesel commitmentSeawater scrubber project


Washington State FerriesFuel switch to on-road and ultra low sulfur dieselPilot project with biodieselCleaner injectorsReduced vessel speed


Marine Vessel Shore Power


Marine Vessel Seawater Scrubbing

Hot exhaust gas mixes in a turbulent cascade with seawater. Sufficient contact between gas and water absorbs pollutants.Acidic gases, and particulate removed from the exhaust gas, pass through a water treatment system designed to filter wastes on a continuous basis.


West Coast Collaborative

Diesel emission reductions through shared strategies, dialogue and mutual learningParticipants include air agencies, ports, trade associations, technology vendors and moreFunding support for a variety of projects including the Puget Sound Maritime Air ForumMarine and Ports Working Group – project clearinghouse and executive dialogue subgroups


Marine Fuel Sulfur Levels & IMO Standards

Average bunker fuel sulfur is 2.7%Can be as high as 4.5% under IMOOn-road fuel is now 15 ppm sulfur, or .000015%IMO ship emission standards are weak


SOx Emission Control Areas (SECA)EPA and Environment Canada are investigating the feasibility of SECAs in North AmericaIn SOx Emission Control Areas fuel sulfur content is set at 15,000 ppm

Have to be designated Baltic Sea and North Sea are already designated and going into effect


Opportunities for Improvement

Distillate fuels in auxiliary enginesSeawater scrubbingCargo handling equipment retrofits and use of on-road enginesDrayage truck changeoutsLocomotives idle reductionBetter IMO standards


San Pedro Bay Action Plan

Joint plan by Ports of Los Angeles and Long BeachReduce health risk to 10 in a million Dirty drayage trucks eliminated within 5 yearsDistillate fuels in ship auxiliary and main enginesShore power at all main terminals within 5-10 yearsUse of NOx and PM controls on ship main and

auxiliary engines – new and existing frequent callersCleaner switch engines with anti-idling Harbor craft repowers


San Pedro Bay Plan ImplementationMultiple implementation strategies

California Environmental Quality Act mitigation Lease agreements Incentive funding Tariff changes

Funding$194 million to $2.6 billion

Operational efficiency improvements Technology advancement programhttp://www.portoflosangeles.org/DOC/REPORT_Clean_Air_Overview_English.pdf


ConclusionsA great deal of innovation is occurring at portsEmission reduction strategies are expensive Public support and subsidies are necessaryPublic health issues are very significanthttp://www.westcoastdiesel.org/http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/ports.htm

marine and port related emission reductions - cleanairinfo.com · marine and port related emission...

Documents