mastering cad/cam

Mastering Mastering CAD/CAMCAD/CAM

Ibrahim ZeidIbrahim Zeid

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTIONGOALGOAL

Understand and master the nature of CAD/CAM systems, their Understand and master the nature of CAD/CAM systems, their basicbasic

structure, their use in engineering tasks, and their use to create structure, their use in engineering tasks, and their use to create geometricgeometric

models of simple parts.models of simple parts.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

After reading this chapter, you should understand the following After reading this chapter, you should understand the following concepts:concepts:

Product life cycleProduct life cycle Scope of CAD/CAMScope of CAD/CAM CAD/CAM ApplicationsCAD/CAM Applications Acquiring CAD/CAM SystemsAcquiring CAD/CAM Systems Installing CAD/CAM SystemsInstalling CAD/CAM Systems Becoming familiar with CAD/CAM systemsBecoming familiar with CAD/CAM systems GUIs and GUIs and HelpHelp menus menus Demo partsDemo parts

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CHAPTER 2 – 3D MODELING AND CHAPTER 2 – 3D MODELING AND VIEWINGVIEWING

GOALGOALUnderstand and master the basic concepts of 3D modeling Understand and master the basic concepts of 3D modeling

and viewing,and viewing,the difference between them, the control of modeling via the difference between them, the control of modeling via

sketch planes,sketch planes,and the effective use of CAD/CAM systems in geometric and the effective use of CAD/CAM systems in geometric

modeling.modeling.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAfter reading this chapter, you should understand the After reading this chapter, you should understand the

following concepts:following concepts: Types of geometric modelsTypes of geometric models Coordinate systemsCoordinate systems Sketching and sketch planesSketching and sketch planes Modeling entities and featuresModeling entities and features Modeling operationsModeling operations Modeling strategiesModeling strategies Model viewingModel viewing System modesSystem modes

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CHAPTER 3 – MODELING AIDS AND CHAPTER 3 – MODELING AIDS AND TOOLSTOOLS

GOALGOAL

Understand and master modeling aids and manipulations, know Understand and master modeling aids and manipulations, know thethe

available tools offered by CAD/CAM systems, and learn how and available tools offered by CAD/CAM systems, and learn how and whenwhen

to use the tools to speed up geometric construction.to use the tools to speed up geometric construction.



Geometric modifiersGeometric modifiers LayersLayers ColorsColors GridsGrids GroupsGroups Entity selectionEntity selection Entity manipulationEntity manipulation Entity editingEntity editing

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CHAPTER 4 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGSCHAPTER 4 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGSGOALGOAL

Understand and master the creation of engineering drawings, their Understand and master the creation of engineering drawings, their use inuse in

design documentation, their use in manufacturing activities, thedesign documentation, their use in manufacturing activities, the

information that a drawing stores, and how to avoid over- or under-information that a drawing stores, and how to avoid over- or under-

dimensioningdimensioning..



Engineering drawings (blueprints)Engineering drawings (blueprints) CAD drawingsCAD drawings CAD viewsCAD views Title blockTitle block DimensioningDimensioning TolerancesTolerances Notes and labelsNotes and labels Manufacturing informationManufacturing information

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CHAPTER 5 – CAD/CAM PROGRAMMINGCHAPTER 5 – CAD/CAM PROGRAMMINGGOALGOAL

Understand and master the concepts of object-oriented Understand and master the concepts of object-oriented programmingprogramming

and their use in parametric design, become familiar with and their use in parametric design, become familiar with customizingcustomizing

CAD/CAM systems, and know the various methods of CAD/CAMCAD/CAM systems, and know the various methods of CAD/CAM

programmingprogramming..



Object definitionObject definition Object creation and useObject creation and use InheritanceInheritance MacrosMacros CAD/CAM API functionsCAD/CAM API functions C++ and OpenGLC++ and OpenGL Java 3DJava 3D

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CHAPTER 6 - CURVESCHAPTER 6 - CURVESGOALGOAL

Understand and master the theory and practice of curves, their Understand and master the theory and practice of curves, their types,types,

parametric formulation, vector analysis, their implementation parametric formulation, vector analysis, their implementation byby

CAD/CAM systems, and their use in geometric modeling.CAD/CAM systems, and their use in geometric modeling.



Geometric modelingGeometric modeling Modeling entitiesModeling entities Curve implicit equationsCurve implicit equations Curve parametric equationsCurve parametric equations Curve propertiesCurve properties Analytic curvesAnalytic curves Synthetic curvesSynthetic curves Curve manipulationsCurve manipulations

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CHAPTER 7 - SURFACESCHAPTER 7 - SURFACESGOALGOAL

Understand and master the theory and practice of surfaces, their Understand and master the theory and practice of surfaces, their types,types,

parametric formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAD parametric formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAD systems, andsystems, and

their use in geometric modeling.their use in geometric modeling.



Surfaces and solid modelingSurfaces and solid modeling Surface entitiesSurface entities Extending curves to surfacesExtending curves to surfaces Surface parametric equationsSurface parametric equations Surface propertiesSurface properties Analytic surfacesAnalytic surfaces Parametric surfacesParametric surfaces Surface manipulationsSurface manipulations

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CHAPTER 8 - NURBSCHAPTER 8 - NURBSGOALGOAL

Understand and master the theory and practice of NURBS curves Understand and master the theory and practice of NURBS curves andand

surfaces, their formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAM surfaces, their formulation, their implementation by CAD/CAM systems,systems,

and the advantages of their use in geometric modeling.and the advantages of their use in geometric modeling.



NURBS modelingNURBS modeling NURBS basics (knot vectors and weights)NURBS basics (knot vectors and weights) NURBS curvesNURBS curves NURBS linesNURBS lines NURBS arcs and circlesNURBS arcs and circles NURBS surfacesNURBS surfaces NURBS bilinear surfaceNURBS bilinear surface NURBS ruled surfaceNURBS ruled surface

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Understand and master the concepts of solid modeling, the use Understand and master the concepts of solid modeling, the use ofof

primitives in geometric modeling, the basics of Boolean primitives in geometric modeling, the basics of Boolean operations, andoperations, and

the representation schemes of solids.the representation schemes of solids.



Geometry and topologyGeometry and topology PrimitivesPrimitives Primitives’ manipulationPrimitives’ manipulation Regularized setsRegularized sets Set membership classificationSet membership classification Constructive solid geometry (CSG)Constructive solid geometry (CSG) Boundary representation (B-rep)Boundary representation (B-rep) SweepsSweeps

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Understand and master the concept of features and their use in Understand and master the concept of features and their use in geometricgeometric

modeling; the basics of parametrics, relations, and constraints; modeling; the basics of parametrics, relations, and constraints; and the useand the use

of parametrics and relations in “what-if” design questions.of parametrics and relations in “what-if” design questions.



Features and primitivesFeatures and primitives Feature entitiesFeature entities 3D sketching3D sketching Feature representationFeature representation Creating featuresCreating features ParametricsParametrics Relations and constraintsRelations and constraints Feature manipulationsFeature manipulations

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CHAPTER 11 – GRAPHICS DISPLAYCHAPTER 11 – GRAPHICS DISPLAYGOALGOAL

Understand and master the concept of raster displays, the types Understand and master the concept of raster displays, the types of displayof display

monitors (including the digital flat panel displays), and the monitors (including the digital flat panel displays), and the parameters ofparameters of

these displays.these displays.



Impact of displays on CAD modelsImpact of displays on CAD models CRTsCRTs Flat screen CRTsFlat screen CRTs Flat panel displaysFlat panel displays LCDsLCDs Digital flat panel displaysDigital flat panel displays Comparing displaysComparing displays SpecificationsSpecifications

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CHAPTER 12 - TRANSFORMATIONSCHAPTER 12 - TRANSFORMATIONSGOALGOAL

Understand and master the concepts of geometric transformations, Understand and master the concepts of geometric transformations, theirtheir

types, their use in geometric modeling, how they speed up the types, their use in geometric modeling, how they speed up the creation ofcreation of

CAD models, and how CAD systems use them to create views andCAD models, and how CAD systems use them to create views and

engineering drawings.engineering drawings.



Need for geometric transformationsNeed for geometric transformations Translation, rotation, mirroring, scaling, and reflectionTranslation, rotation, mirroring, scaling, and reflection Homogeneous transformationsHomogeneous transformations Concatenated transformationsConcatenated transformations Inverse transformationsInverse transformations Projections of geometric modelsProjections of geometric models Orthographic projectionsOrthographic projections Perspective projectionsPerspective projections

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CHAPTER 13 - VISUALIZATIONCHAPTER 13 - VISUALIZATIONGOALGOAL

Understand and master the concepts of rendering and Understand and master the concepts of rendering and visualization andvisualization and

their importance to geometric modeling, and understand the their importance to geometric modeling, and understand the relatedrelated

algorithms.algorithms.



Need for renderingNeed for rendering Model cleanupModel cleanup Hidden line removalHidden line removal Hidden surface removalHidden surface removal Hidden solid removalHidden solid removal Visualization algorithmsVisualization algorithms ShadingShading ColorsColors

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CHAPTER 14 – COMPUTER ANIMATIONCHAPTER 14 – COMPUTER ANIMATIONGOALGOAL

Understand and master the concepts of motion and Understand and master the concepts of motion and animation and theiranimation and their

importance to geometric modeling, and understand the importance to geometric modeling, and understand the related algorithms.related algorithms.


After reading this chapter, you should understand the After reading this chapter, you should understand the following concepts:following concepts:

Need for motion and animationNeed for motion and animation Computer animationComputer animation Frame-buffer animationFrame-buffer animation Real-time playbackReal-time playback Keyframe techniqueKeyframe technique Simulation approachSimulation approach Animation-related problemsAnimation-related problems Animation of articulated bodiesAnimation of articulated bodies

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CHAPTER 15 – MASS PROPERTIESCHAPTER 15 – MASS PROPERTIESGOALGOAL

Understand and master geometric and mass properties, how to Understand and master geometric and mass properties, how to calculatecalculate

them, the concept of numerical integration, and how to use CAD them, the concept of numerical integration, and how to use CAD systemssystems

to calculate mass properties.to calculate mass properties.



Importance of mass properties in CAD designImportance of mass properties in CAD design Calculate curve and contour lengthsCalculate curve and contour lengths Calculate areasCalculate areas Calculate volumesCalculate volumes Calculate centroidsCalculate centroids Calculate inertia propertiesCalculate inertia properties Use Gauss quadratureUse Gauss quadrature Use mass properties in part designUse mass properties in part design

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CHAPTER 16 – ASSEMBLY MODELINGCHAPTER 16 – ASSEMBLY MODELINGGOALGOAL

Understand and master assemblies, the different approaches to Understand and master assemblies, the different approaches to creatingcreating

then, assembly analysis, and how to use CAD systems to create then, assembly analysis, and how to use CAD systems to create assemblyassembly

models.models.



Differences between part and assembly modelingDifferences between part and assembly modeling Mating conditionsMating conditions Bottom-up assembly modeling approachBottom-up assembly modeling approach Top-down assembly modeling approachTop-down assembly modeling approach WCS and mate methods to assemble partsWCS and mate methods to assemble parts Managing assembliesManaging assemblies Working with subassembliesWorking with subassemblies Assembly analysisAssembly analysis

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CHAPTER 17 – FINITE ELEMENT CHAPTER 17 – FINITE ELEMENT METHODMETHOD

GOALGOAL

Understand finite element modeling and analysis. How to Understand finite element modeling and analysis. How to calculatecalculate

stresses an strains, and how to use CAD systems to help performstresses an strains, and how to use CAD systems to help perform

FEM/FEA.FEM/FEA.



Why the finite element methodWhy the finite element method Procedure of the finite element methodProcedure of the finite element method FEAFEA FEMFEM Preprocessors: mesh generationPreprocessors: mesh generation Postprocessors: results displayPostprocessors: results display Understanding the resultsUnderstanding the results How CAD systems facilitate both FEM and FEAHow CAD systems facilitate both FEM and FEA

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CHAPTER 18 – PRODUCT DATA CHAPTER 18 – PRODUCT DATA EXCHANGEEXCHANGE

GOALGOAL

Understand data exchange standards including IGES and STEP, Understand data exchange standards including IGES and STEP, howhow

translators work, why we need preprocessors and translators work, why we need preprocessors and postprocessors, andpostprocessors, and

how to test translators to ensure the correct data conversion.how to test translators to ensure the correct data conversion.



Necessary evil of CAD/CAM data translationNecessary evil of CAD/CAM data translation Data exchange formatData exchange format IGES standardIGES standard STEP standardSTEP standard ACIS formatACIS format DXF DXF de factode facto standard standard File structure and formatFile structure and format Testing and verificationTesting and verification

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CHAPTER 19 – COLLABORATIVE DESIGNCHAPTER 19 – COLLABORATIVE DESIGNGOALGOAL

Understand the difference between traditional and collaborative Understand the difference between traditional and collaborative design,design,

become familiar with collaborative design concepts, understand itsbecome familiar with collaborative design concepts, understand its

requirements, and know what tools are needed to perform requirements, and know what tools are needed to perform collaborativecollaborative

design.design.



Synchronous and asynchronous communicationSynchronous and asynchronous communication Distributed computing modelDistributed computing model Instant messagingInstant messaging Virtual realityVirtual reality Collaborative design principlesCollaborative design principles Collaboration approachesCollaboration approaches Collaboration toolsCollaboration tools Collaborative design softwareCollaborative design software

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CHAPTER 20 – ENGINEERING CHAPTER 20 – ENGINEERING TOLERANCESTOLERANCES

GOALGOAL

Understand the importance and role of tolerances in Understand the importance and role of tolerances in manufacturing, themanufacturing, the

different types of tolerances, part inspection and its relation to different types of tolerances, part inspection and its relation to tolerances,tolerances,

and how CAD systems implement and use tolerances.and how CAD systems implement and use tolerances.



Tolerance concepts: limits and fits, accumulation, cost, and Tolerance concepts: limits and fits, accumulation, cost, and qualityquality

Conventional tolerancesConventional tolerances Geometric tolerancesGeometric tolerances DatumsDatums ANSI GD&T Y14.5M standardsANSI GD&T Y14.5M standards Inspection gagesInspection gages Tolerance stackup analysisTolerance stackup analysis Tolerance synthesisTolerance synthesis

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CHAPTER 21 – PROCESS PLANNINGCHAPTER 21 – PROCESS PLANNINGGOALGOAL

Understand the interface between design and manufacturing and Understand the interface between design and manufacturing and betweenbetween

CAD and CAM, the importance of process planning, the basics of CAD and CAM, the importance of process planning, the basics of CAPP,CAPP,

and the benefits of CAPP.and the benefits of CAPP.



Manual process planningManual process planning Essentials of CAPPEssentials of CAPP Input and output of CAPP systemsInput and output of CAPP systems CAPP modelsCAPP models Architecture of CAPP systemsArchitecture of CAPP systems CAPP approaches: variant, generative, and hybridCAPP approaches: variant, generative, and hybrid CAPP benefitsCAPP benefits CAPP softwareCAPP software

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CHAPTER 22 – PART PROGRAMMINGCHAPTER 22 – PART PROGRAMMINGGOALGOAL

Understand the basics of machine tools and their programming. PartUnderstand the basics of machine tools and their programming. Part

programming an its basics, the fundamentals of coding languages andprogramming an its basics, the fundamentals of coding languages and

structure, and the use of CAD/CAM systems for generating and structure, and the use of CAD/CAM systems for generating and verifyingverifying

toolpaths.toolpaths.



Importance of part programmingImportance of part programming Working at the interface between CAF and CAMWorking at the interface between CAF and CAM CAM requirements of CAD dataCAM requirements of CAD data Fundamentals of machine tools: axes radius programming, and tool Fundamentals of machine tools: axes radius programming, and tool

offsetsoffsets APT programming: geometric and motion statementsAPT programming: geometric and motion statements Toolpath generationToolpath generation Toolpath verificationToolpath verification

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CHAPTER 23 – PRODUCT LIFECYCLE CHAPTER 23 – PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

GOALGOAL

Understand PLM, why it is crucial for companies to implement, Understand PLM, why it is crucial for companies to implement, what awhat a

PLM system offers, what PDM is and its relationship to PLM, and PLM system offers, what PDM is and its relationship to PLM, and analyzeanalyze

some PLM and PDM case studies.some PLM and PDM case studies.



The current engineering and design practiceThe current engineering and design practice Types of product informationTypes of product information PLM goalPLM goal PLM benefitsPLM benefits PLM systemsPLM systems PLM enabling technologiesPLM enabling technologies PDMPDM Case studies of implementing PLM and PDMCase studies of implementing PLM and PDM

mastering cad/cam

Documents

following concepts

master modeling aids

andtheir use

basic concepts

nature of cadcam systems

control of modeling

cadcam systemsguis

geometric construction