mattathias d. 166 bc

New Testament

History and

Geography

New Testament History and GeographyMattathiasd. 166 BC

JudasHigh Priest165-162 BC

Eliezerd. 162 BC

Johnd. 160 BC

SimonHigh Priest142-135 BC

Mattathiasd. 134 BC

Judahd. 134 BC

John Hyrcanus IRuled

134-104 BC

JonathanHigh Priestd. 166 BC

Alexander JanneusRuled

103-76 BC

Antigonusd. 107 BCAlexandra

SalomeRuled

76-67 BC

Aristobulus IRuled

104-103 BC

Absalom?

Antipater Alexanderd. 53 BC

Hyrcanus IIHigh Priest / King75-66, 63-40 BC

Aristobulus IIRuled (POMPEY)

66-63 BC

AntigonusRuled

(UNDER PARTHIANS)40-37 BC

HEROD the Great

Ruled 37-4 BC Mariamne IMarried to

Herod the Great

Phasaelus

HEROD and the HASMONEANS

Contested the ThroneAlexandra

New Testament History and Geography

The Rise of Herod the Great

Under PompeyHyrcanus and Aristobulus both seek Rome’s supportPompey favors Hyrcanus and Aristobulus rebelsHyrcanus put in power and Aristobulus is taken hostage to Rome

Hyrcanus is supported by Antipater, Herod’s fatherThere is a life-long partnership between them

Antipater provides the administrative leadershipHyrcanus provides the legitimacy



Under Crassus (of the first triumvirate)Crassus put in charge of Syria and the eastHe took the remaining gold from the temple in JerusalemHe used the gold to finance his campaign against ParthiaCrassus dies in ill-fated battle against Parthians (hmmm…)Under Cassius (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)Cassius takes 30,000 Jews and sells them into slaveryKills the lead supporter of Aristobulus (as advised by Antipater)



Under Julius Caesar Pompey and Senate flee Rome and head eastCaesar releases Aristobulus from Rome with two legionsAristobulus is killed by poisen along the wayHyrcanus and Antipater come to Caesar’s aid in EgyptAntigonus, son of Aristobulus, asks Caesar to give him the throne

Antigonus accuses Hyrcanus and Antipater of disloyaltyAntipater simply takes off his robes and shows his scarsThus Antipater keeps Hyrcanus in power



Under Julius Caesar Hyrcanus is put in power in Judea

Antipater deligates authority to his two eldest sonsPhasaelus is put in charge of JerusalemHerod is placed over Galilee

Peace and stability come to the regionAntipater is honored like a king Others use this to provoke Hyrcanus to jealousy



Under Julius Caesar Hyrcanus is put in power in Judea

Others use this to provoke Hyrcanus to jealousyHerod puts a group of robbers to death without

permissionOthers persuade Hyrcanus to bring him to trialSextus Caesar, Gov. of Syria, writes on Herod’s

behalfHerod has an attachment of soldiers to protect

himselfHerod is released of the charges

Sextus Caesar is killed and then Julius Caesar is assasinated



Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)Cassius returns to the east to raise an army against Oct. and MACassius instructs his governors to gather a large sum of support

Herod is the first to raise the amount bringing him favorHerod is made Procurator of all Syria during the war with

MACassius promises Herod that he will be made king of

Judea



Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)Antipater, Herod’s father, is poisened my Malichus

Cassius allows/encourages Herod to kill MalichusHyrcanus is shocked but does not go against Herod

Herod is betrothed to MariamneGrandaughter of Aristobulus II through son, AlexanderGrandaughter of Hyrcanus II through daughter, AlexandraMarriage makes Herod a legitimate heir



Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar)Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II, makes a move for the throne

Herod defeats Aristobulus and many of the Jews favor himMoreso now that he is married to Mariamne

Cassius and Brutus are defeated by Marc Antony and OctaviusOctavius goes west to ItalyMarc Antony goes east!


SECOND TRIUMVIRATE

Marcus Antonius

Octavius

Lepidus

PARTH

IA



Under Marc AntonyMarc Antony takes control of the eastern empireHe is already under the spell of CleopatraProminant Jews go to Anthony agains Herod and Phasaelus

They accuse them of keeping their power by forceThey say Hyrcanus is just a puppet

Antony asks Hyrcanus who would govern better Hyrcanus says Herod and PhasaelusHyrcanus thus keeps Herod in power



Under the ParthiansAntigonus, son Aristobulus II, seeks the throne again

He promises the Parthians large sums of money and women

Parthians use deception to capture Hyrcanus and Phasaelus

Antigonus bites off Hyrcanus’s ears so he can’t be high priest

Phasaelus kills himselfHerod escapes and flees to Masada and leaves his family there

Goes to Arabia for help and gets noneGoes to Egypt and then sails for Rome



Herod in RomeHerod pleads his case to Marc Antony who is sympatheticMarc Antony brings him to Octavius, who also supports HerodHerod is brought before the Senate and declared King of JudeaHerod leaves the Senate flanked by both Octavius and Antony



Herod Takes Judea from the Parthians and AristobulusHerod pleads his case to Marc Antony who is sympatheticMarc Antony brings him to Octavius, who also supports HerodHerod is brought before the Senate and declared King of JudeaHerod leaves the Senate flanked by both Octavius and Antony

NTHG

Herod returns to Judea/GalileeFirst takes Galilee building forcesHas to take Joppa before MasadaTakes Masada and frees familyLays siege to Jerusalem

Proclaims peace to enemies but ignoredRoman commander stirs up dissensionArmies go to winter quarters

Meanwhile Herod takes IdumeaPuts family in Samaria (city)Takes out robbers in the caves of ArbelaSilo goes to help Romans against ParthiaHerod takes on the robbers in Judean wilderness

JOPPA

IDUMEAMASADA

JERICHO

SEBASTE

JERUSALEM


ARBELA

JUDEANWILDERNESS



Herod goes to Help Antony with a seige in Mesopotamia Herod helped Antony greatly earning him more favorAntony promises more help to Herod for gaining his

kingdomHerod's little brother, Joseph, attacks Antigonus and is

killedAntigonus dishonor's the body of JosephAntigonus takes advantage of Herod’s absenceAntigonus drowns Herod’s supporters in the Sea of Galilee



Herod ReturnsHerod avenges himself in Galilee and marches to Jericho

Dines with prominent men, house collapses right after he leaves

Taken as a sign of his coming success Herod is victorious in Jericho

Herod goes up to Jerusalem and camps against the north side He destroys the suburbs to build his campHe marries Miriam at this time



Herod in Control under Marc AntonyCleopatra manipulates Marc Antony Antony takes from Herod’s domain and bestows it on CleopatraCleopatra manipulates a war between Herod and Arabia

This keeps Herod from participating in the battle of ActiumHerod is successful against Arabia thanks to an

earthquakeMarc Antony is defeated and Antony and Cleopatra are killed



Herod in Control under Marc AntonyCleopatra manipulates Marc Antony Antony takes from Herod’s domain and bestows it on CleopatraCleopatra manipulates a war between Herod and Judea

This keeps Herod from participating in the battle of ActiumHerod is successful against Arabia thank to an earthquake

Marc Antony is defeated and Antony and Cleopatra are killed



Herod under Caesar AugustusHerod submits to Caesar Augustus at Rhodes

He appears before him without his crown and royal garbHerod openly admits to his support of Antony He pledges like support to Caesar

Caesar gives Herod his crown back and enlarges his kingdom

“I hope that you will think on what sort of friend I have been, not whose.”- Herod to Caesar Augustus


JUDEA, SAMARIA, AND IDUMEA ITUREA AND TRACHONITISGALILEE AND PEREA

ANTIPATER48 – 43 BC

“Procurator of Judea”

PHASEAL43 – 40 BC

“Tetrarch of Judea”Killed during

Parthian invasion

Philip4 BC – AD 34

“Tetrarch”

Doris37 BC - Divorced

ANTIPATER? - Removed as Heir

Mariamne (2)5 BC – Divorced

Jewish

HEROD PHILIP5 BC – Removed as Heir

Cleopatra“of Jerusalem”

Archelaus4 BC – AD 6

“Ethnarch of Judea”

Herod Antipas4 BC – AD 36“Tetrarch”

MalthakeSamaritan

II

III

IVWill

Will Will

HEROD AGRIPPA IAD 37 – 44

HEROD THE GREAT

43 – 37 BC“Tetrarch of Judea”

37 – 4 BC“King of Judea”

Mariamne (1)29 BC - Executed

Hasmonean

Salome

HEROD AGRIPPA II AD 50 – 92

***Last Herod!***

Bernice

ARISTOBULUS 7 BC ExecutedHasmonean

Herodias

Glaphyra

Salome

Herodias

I

Glaphyra

ALEXANDER7 BC ExecutedHasmoneanI

Herodias

mattathias d. 166 bc

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