max webers elective affinities

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 The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org Max Weber's Elective Affinities: Sociology Within the Bounds of Pure Reason Author(s): Richard Herbert Howe Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 84, No. 2 (Sep., 1978), pp. 366-385 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2777853 Accessed: 13-03-2016 18:39 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/  info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. This content downloaded from 147.91.1.45 on Sun, 13 Mar 2016 18:39:58 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

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8/19/2019 Max Webers Elective Affinities

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/max-webers-elective-affinities 1/21

 The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of

Sociology.

http://www.jstor.org

Max Weber's Elective Affinities: Sociology Within the Bounds of Pure ReasonAuthor(s): Richard Herbert HoweSource: American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 84, No. 2 (Sep., 1978), pp. 366-385Published by: The University of Chicago PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2777853Accessed: 13-03-2016 18:39 UTC

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ 

 info/about/policies/terms.jsp

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of contentin a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship.For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

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M x W e b er E e c t ve A f f n t e S oc o o g y w th n

 th eB o undo f Pur eR e o n 1

  Rchrd HerbertHowe

 U n v er t y o f n o

 S e ve r ch o r h ve c e dt t en t o n t o th empo rtn c e o fWeber

 ue o f th e t e rme e c t ve f fn ty ye tn owh er eh th e t ermr e c e ved

  t r e tmen tbo thyt emt c n dh t o r c yf o unde dT h epr e en t

 p p e r t t em p t t o f t h t g p E c h n t n ce o f W eb er u g e

  c t ed n d d c u e d N e xt t h e p c e o f e ec t v e f f n t y n h o rd e r of

d c o u r e d et er m n ed T h e n t h e n e g e o f t he t e rm n t h e h t o r e

 o f t e r t u re c h e m t r y n d p h o o p hy e x m n ed w t h p e c r ef

 e r en c e t o Webe r kn o w edge o f tho eh t o r e T w o r e t e dt e rm

  f f n t y n d n ne r f f n t y r e e x m n ed n d b ro ug h t n to r e

 t o n h p w t h W eb e r u e o f e e ct v e f f n t y T h e e m t e r u gg e t

 t h t e e ct v e f f n ty c o nc e ve d n d e n t he K n t n e n e

 w ou d h v e e rv ed t o n w er t h e qu e t o n H o w o c c e n ce p o

b e ? w h ch w m p c t n t h e ne o K n t n f r m e wo rk o f W eb er

 o r de r o f dc o ur e

  n th e e xc o n o fWebe r th o ught e e c t ve f fn ty Whve rwndt ch f t

 h o ft en b e en e n e d c ru c t e rm m o t n o t b y b y G e rt h n d M

1 94 6 S t r k 1 9 5 8 n d M y er 1 9 7 5 A n d r g ht y o F o r u nd er

  t n d n g W eb er d e o f h t or y n d t h u t h e o g c o f h o c c e n ce n o

 t er m m or e c ru c t h n e e c t v e f f n t y F or G e rt h n d M e e c t ve

  f f n t y t he d e c v e c o n ce pt o n b y w h ch W e be r r e t e d e n d n t er

 e t 1 94 6 p 6 2 f o r S t rk e e ct v e f f n t y W eb e r t h eo re t c t e r

 n t v e to m e ch n t c c u m n d q u o rg n o og c f un ct o n m

  1 9 58 p2 5 6 f o rMyerWebe r th o ughtmo vegen e r y n c o n ce pt

 o f e e ct v e f f n t e b e tw ee n e x t e nc e n d c o n c o u ne 1 97 5 p

 7 07 Y et d e p t e t h e n e o f t m p or t n ce W e b er u e o f e e c t ve f

f n t y h n ev e r re ce v e d t re t m en t b ot h y t e m t c n d h t o r c y

f ou nd e d C er t n y t h e g o e o f t he e c ho r d o n ot b e g n t o ex h u t t

 p ot en t f or t w o u d y e d d e t he p o b t y of o c c e nc e t o

 ge the rw thn th e bo und o fWeber o r de r o f d c o ur e wh ch t o y

w t h n t he b o un d o f K n t p u re r e o n T o b e u re f ew f n y o f We be r

t er m p o e m o re r e t n c e t o ex p n t o n T he K n t n t r d t o n t o wh c h

W eb er w h e r h r ge y b e en o t o n u c c ee d n g ge n er t o n o f o c

  c e n t t p r t c u r y n A m er c n t n c e o f e e c t ve f f n t y n W e be r

 1 T h ppe r gr ew o ut o f emnr c o n duct e dbyR o be r tAunJ o ne t th eU nve r ty

 o f n o n t he f o f 19 75 T o h m n d t o my w f e M r c K r k p tr c k m g r te

 f uf o r th e r p t en c en dpe r e ve r n guppo rt

 ?1978by TheUnver tyofCh cgo 00029602/79/84020004$0165

 366AJSVoume84 Number2

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 Amer cnJ o ur n o f S o c o o gy

 d c u n g t he o ur ce n d t he n e v t b t y o f co nf c t n t h e r e n o f o c

p o c ym k n g h e t t e t h t t he re c on f c t no t on y b et we en

  c n t er e t but o be twe enWe tn ch uungenwh er e byo f c o ur e

t h e tr ut h r em n w ho y n t c t th t t o w h ch W e t n c h u u ng t h e n

  d v d u r e p re e n t t he d e gr ee o f e e c t ve f f n t y wh c h o n t t o h

c ntere t u u y d ec v e 1904 p 29 1949 p 56 2

A f ew p g e t er t h t m e by w y o f ex p n n g t he e qu n ev t b t y

 o fh Ar ch v mnf e tn g t enden cyw th r e pe c t t o th o e c o n f c t

d e p te t v u e f re e t n ce h e t t e t h t t h e e ec t ve f f n t y of

  m r d e w o w th e c rc e o f t c on tr b ut or t o h o d to ge th er

n d to r ec ru t n ew m em be r n d th w t m p th e o ur n w t h

  de f n te c h r c te r 1 90 4 p 3 4 1 94 9 p 6 1 T he e n t n ce r e

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  p pe r f c to r n c u p ro po t o n b ut n o de f n t on g v en n d

n e t he r y n t x n or c o nt ex t e n d t n y p e c w e g ht

  Bu t y e r t er c o n g t h e f r t n t m en t o f th e P r ot e t n t E th c

 w t h c u t on t o h r e d er h e t t e t h t n v e w of t he m m en e

 c o nf uo n o f r e cpr o c n f uenc e be tw e en th emt e r b e th e f ormo f

 o c n d po t c o rg n t o n n d t he n t e e ct u n d p r t u c on te nt

 o f th e cut ur e poch o f th eR e f o rmto n o n e cn pr o c ee do nybyf r t o f

  n qu r n g t o w he th er n d n w h t p o n t d e f n t e e e ct v e f f n t e

 b e t we en c e rt n f or m o f t r e g o u f t h n d t w or k e th c r e d c e r n

b e T h e re b y n d t t h e m e t m e t h e m n ne r n d t h e ge ne r d r e ct o n

  nwh chn c o n e q uen ce o f uch e e c t ve f fn t e th e r e go u mo vement

  f f ec t e dthe de ve o pmen t o f them t e r cut urew be c r f e d much

  p o b e 1 90 5 p 5 4 1 95 8 p p 9 1 92 W h e h u g e he re n o

  e n fo rm t m et h od o og c n d e xp n t o ry m p o rt e n d t p ec

  g n f c n c e W t h n t he c h o t h t t he o c c e nt t c o nf ro nt t he re

 n o r d er t h o rd e r ex t n ot o n y f or h m e f b ut o f or t h e c t or n

h t o r y n d r g e y f f ec t h t or y c o u r e T h e o g c o f h t o ry w ou d b e

t he o g c o f t h e e e ct v e f f n t e

 Webe r ue de e c t ve f fn tytw c emo r en c o nn ec t o nw th th e Pr o t

e t n t E th c n r ep y t o h c r t c R c hf h n t he f r t o f th e e h e

  p e k o f t h e e ec t ve f f n ty o f C v n m f or c p t m 1 91 0 p

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  ge o e f o r ce rt n f e t y e m on g t he m t ho e o f c et c P r ot e t n t m

1 91 0 p 5 96 n m r v e n h e p e k n T h e Ec on om c E th c o f th e

 W or d R e g o n o f t he e e c t v e f f n t e b et we e n th e v r o u o c t r t

  n dth e r ch r c t e r t c f o rmo f r e go tynd o f th e gre t e r pr o mn en c e

o f u c h e e ct v e f f n t e m on g t he b u rg he r t r t 1 91 6 p 1 9 1 9 46 p

 2 A t r n t o n r emyo wnw th th e n ge e xc e pt o n o f th e q uot t o n f r o mB er g

m n R ef e re nc e t o t h e v b e t r n t o n o f W e be r w o r k h v e b e en p r ov d e d n

br ck e t f o o wngth eGe rmnr e f e ren ce

 368

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  Webe r Ee c t veAf fn t e

  28 4 p g e t er h e p e k o f t he e e c t ve f f n t y of m o n r y pr op he cy

f or t h e co nc ep t o n of p er o n g od 1 9 1 6 p 2 0 1 94 6 p 2 85 w h e n

E co no w y n d S o c et y h e p e k o f t he c k o f n y u c h e e c t ve f f n t y of

 th ew r r o r f o r th e c o n ce pt o n o fn e th c yt r n c endent go d1 9 2 2

p 2 7 0 1 9 68 p 4 72 o f t he e e c t ve f f n t y of t h e re g o u y d e m n de d

  f e t y e w t h t h e o c y c o nd t o n ed f e t y e 1 92 2 p 7 96 1 9 6 8 p

 1 1 80 o f th e un ve r e e c t ve f fn tybe twe en burgh er n dr e g o u

  p ow er 1 92 2 p 7 80 1 9 6 8 p 1 1 6 0 o f t he m e e xe mp f e d n n t q

u t y 1 9 22 p 7 95 1 9 6 8 p 1 1 8 0 n d o f th e n ne r e e ct v e f f n t y

 o f th e t r uc tur pr n cpe o f th e e r y Pr ot e tn t e c tw th th e t r uct ure

 o f demo cr cy1 9 2 2 p 8 1 5 1 9 6 8 p 1 2 08

 B u t W e be r u e o f e e ct v e f f n t y w n ot r e t r c te d t o h t ud e o f

r e g on t he n t n ce o f 19 04 r e dy h ow n m r y e cu r v e n

h e t t e d n h r t c e O n t h e S t u t o n of B o ur g eo D em oc r c y n R u

  t h t t w u t te r y r d c u o u t o t t r b ut e e e ct v e f f n t y w t h d e

 m oc r c y o r ev e n f re ed om t o t od y d v n ce d c p t m 1 90 6b

p 3 4 7 M u c h t er n P r m en t n d A d m n t r t o n n R e c on t r uc t ed

 Ge rmny h epo k e o f th e e e c t ve f fn ty o f th eC en te r pr ty uth or

 t r n m e nt t y w t h th e u t h or t r n t t e 1 91 8 p 7 6 1 9 68 p 1 42 9

H u g e co u d o b e pu re y c on ce pt u e v de nc ed b y h t r c

 r em r k n h r ev e w o f C r t c S tu d e n t h e F e d o f C u tu r S c e nt f c

 L og c t h t E M M ey e r e e me d t o m g n e n e p e c y c o e e e c t v e

  f fn tybe tw een chn c e n df r e e do mo f th ew 1 9 06 p1 4 8 1 9 49

 p 1 18

T he n f o rm t y n d d v e r t y o f W eb er u e o f e e c t ve f f n t y ob c u re

w h t h e m y h v e m e n t b y t he t e rm d e p t e t he g n f c n ce g v e n t n

 th e Pr o t e tn t Eth c B ut o nc e n Ec o no myndS o c e tyh even t ure

 f ew r emrk o f e xpn t o nAf t e r r ehe r n gth e df f cut e nh er ent n

 mknge th er cu o r f unc t o n tpr o po t o n c o nc e r nngth en t e r c t o n

 o f ec on om y n d o c et y p r t c u r y g n f c n t u n ve r o ne h e t t e

 t h t o me th n g u n ve r c n h ow ev e r b e e rt e d co nc er n n g th e

 de gre e o f e e c t ve f fn tyo f c o n cr e te t r uc t ur f o rm o f o c c t o nw th

c o ncr et e e c on o mcf o rm th t c o nc e rnngwh e the r n d h o w tr o ngyth ey

  mutu yfvo r o n e n o th e r c o n tn un c e o r c o n ver ey hnde r o r e xcude

 o n en o the r r e de qut e o r n de q ut e t o o n en o th e r 1 9 2 2 p 1 8 3

  1 9 68 p3 4 1 T h e e br e f r emrk c n o ny ugge t th t f o rWeber th e

  o e g n f c n t u n ve r p ro po t o n t h t o c c e n ce c o u d m k e w ou d

b e p ro po t o n o f e e c t ve f f n t y w h c h wo u d b e t o y t h t t h e ve ry

 p o b t y o f o c c e n ce w o u d re t o n t h e o g c o f e e ct v e f f n t y B u t

w hy t h w o u d be o n d wh t t h t o g c wo u d be f or m t er d v er e

  t ho e e n co mp e d b y h o wn u g e r em n u n t t e d n d n ow he re

 e e dd h e e bo r t e upon th e t e rmBut th en h eh d n o n e edt o H

o rd er o f d c o u r e t oo k c r e o f t h t

 369

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 Amer cnJ o ur n o f S o c o o gy

 ORDEROFD SCOURSE

 A n o rd er o f d c o u r e f r t o f n o r de r o f wo rd T he r t ru ct u r

 r e t o n h p w t h n g v e n or d er r e c od f e d n t d c t o n r e t he

r ef e re n t n et wo rk o f m e n n g w h c h r e t he r h t or e n d t hu t he r

 de fn t o n Ee c t ve f fn tybe o n gt o th e o r de r o fWebe r d c o ur e n d

t hu t o t he r ge r o rd e r of t h e Ge rm n n gu g e w e T he m o t u th or

 t t ve c o de xo f th t o r de r th eGrmm Deut ch e Wr t e rbuchh th e

 t er m e e v o 1 3 c o 5 97 9 9 e n te r n g Ge rm n n 1 7 79 t he t r n t or

 Wege n e o o gmfo r th e S w ed h ch emt T o rbo rnB e r gmn t e rm t

t r ct o e e ct v r ef er r ng t o th e w o f o c t o n n d d o c t o n m on g

 th e e ement Fr omth e r e t g n e do me cur ren cy fgur e o f pe e ch

  m on g r t t n d n t e e ct u e cu r n g p e r m n en t n c he n t he r e m o f

e t te r th r o ughGo e th ewh o ppro pr t e dth e ch emc menngo f th e t e rm

  th e r o otme tph o r f or n o ve T h e Ee c t veAf fn t e 1 8 09 1 9 51

  wh chWebe r c o n t empo r r e f o un dt o be r ch e xpr e o n o f th e c on f c t

b et we en t h e n t ur n d t he m o r n d o c o rd e r

 B ut the p c e o f e e c t ve f fn tyn th egen e r o r de r o f th eGe rmn

  n g u ge w n ev e r o e cu re m y b e d c er ne d f ro m t f t e n t he

 k e e pe r o f th t o r der th e gr e t en cyc o pe dcdc t o n r e T w en tyye r

f te r W e ge t w n ot t o b e f ou nd n A d e un g 1 80 1 b u t C m p e

t ed t d ec d e t er m o t k e y r e u t of t he n ot or e ty e n t t b y

 Go eth ewh o e r e c entn o ve th e en t rymen t o n 1 8 11 p 5 4 2 t n o tn

 S n d er 1 86 5 o r n W e g n d 1 87 6 o r n S n d e r t er u p p em en t

1 88 5 t ho ug h t n H ey ne 1 89 5 p 1 7 70 n d t p c ke d up

  t e r by S n d er e g h th e d t o n 1 9 10 p 6 43 n d b y W e g n d f f t h

  19 10 p 8 03 P u t t 1 9 08 p 1 19 9 w h e K u ge d oe n o t

1 9 15 T h e e en t r e r n gedf r o mmere ckno w edgment o f th ew or d

e x t e nc e t o br e f d e c r pt o n o f t o ur ce n c he m t r y n d n t h e no ve

 byGo e theM o r e th or o ugh t r e tmen th d t o w tun t th e v t en t er pr e

 o f th e bro the rGrmm begun n 1 8 5 4 r e ch e dth e e t t er W n1 9 2 2 u t

 tw o ye r f t erWebe r de th

 T h u t o th e r ger o r de r of d c o ur e de fn e dbyth eGe rmn nguge

 e e c t ve f f n t y w m r g n w or d t h ou g h t p o t o n h d m p ro ve d

  o mewh tbyth e de cde be f o re th e Fr t Wo r dWr Acqu n tn c ew th t

 c o udbe pr e uppo e do nyf o r tho e f m rw th th eh t o ryo f ch emtr y

o r f or t h e o m ew h t r ge r c r c e o f th o e w ho r e d t h e Ge rm n c c

B ut e g me nt o f t he e n t re G e rm n n gu g e c o mm u n ty t h t c r c e

 w m n de e d T o h v e kn ow n t he m e n n g o f e e ct v e f f n t y w t o

h v e b e en p r t o f v er y p e c o rd e r of d c ou r e t h e d c o u r e o f th e

h u m n t c y e d uc t e d e t e e e W eh e r 1 97 3 p p 1 2 4 2 9 R n ge r 19 69

 T o th e r e t th ew o r dc o udw e hve e emed c o nt r dc t o n n t e rm

 V er w n dt c h f t f f n t y d e n ot ed b o o d re t o n h p w h e W h e e c

 370

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  Webe r Ee c t veAf fn t e

 t v e u g ge t e d c ho c e n t h o e m t t er n o b v ou b u r d t y e e

 Vetter1931 pp 99100

 S g n f c n t y e e c t v e f f n t y t ur n u p n t he p h o o p h c d c t o n r e

t ho ug h g n m r g n y t n ot f o r ex m p e n t h e f r t ed t o n of

K ru g 1 82 9 b u t t d oe p pe r n t h e u p p em e nt t o t he e co nd e d t o n

1 83 8 p 4 4 6 t n ot n K r c hn er 1 89 6 o r n E e r 1 89 9 b u t

 d e c de t er t p pe r n S c hm d t t t e p p e rb c k 1 9 12 b p 9 8 T h t

m y h v e b e e n du e t o Sc hm d t o th er n t e re t t h t m e y e r h e p ub

  h e d Go eth e e xc o nn wh ch o f c o ur e th e t e rm en te r ed 1 9 12 p

2 48 S ch m d t e n t ry f o r e ec t v e f f n t y n h p h o o p h c d c t o n ry

 r e fe r th e r e de r b ck t o th e en tr yf o r f fn ty Affn tdtwh ch t t e th t

  th e Lw o fAffn ty pr n cpe o f th e c o n tn utyo f the f o rm bd

  c o ntn uo ut r n t o n f r o meve r y nge pe c e Gt t un gt o e ve ryo th e r

 v t h e t e pw e n cr e e n m u t p c t y K n t 1 91 2b p 9 F ro m t he re

 th e r e de r r e fe r re dbck t o th e en t ryf o r e e c t ve f fn tyw th th e uu

m e nt o n o f ch em t ry n d G oe t he t h u c o n g c r c e n d o p e n ng n et

 w o rk n th e o r de r o f ph o o ph c d c o ur e

E e c t ve f f n t y w u nk no wn t o t he h n d b oo k n d e x c o f t he o c

  c e n ce y et t w k no wn t o t he o c c e n t t t he m e v e f te r

t h ey b e o ng ed t o t he h u m n t c y e d uc t e d e t e R e h f or e x m p e

m d e u e o f t h e t er m w r t n g t h t o ne o f t he m o t r e m r k b e m on u

m en t t o t h e e ec t v e f f n t y o f th e N or th G e rm n c o t t t e w t h t he

  So uthGe rmnhgh nd th ego th cChur ch o fO ur Ldy nMun ch

G r m m n d G r m m v o 1 3 c o 5 9 9 A n d T re t c h ke t o o h d u e d t he

 t e rm w r t n g th t t he R o m n w e re t r u y n t m t e o n y w t h th e o d

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 th e be tt e r po et n o tn gn e t t er t o h c o un Emmyth t th e e xgge r t ed

 e xc u v e G oe th e w or h p o f h f r e nd h d p o e d t he r t t e n t er t u re

  n dmde th emunut t o o the r po e tM r nn eWebe r 1 92 6 p 1 6 4 n

 f c t h e c o nt n u ed G oe th e o b e o n w t h h p p ne r e u t ed n b d y

  on e d e d v ew o f f e G oe th e w e n t v e to t he d eb e d u ch

o n y wh en t w t t he m e t me t he h t ef u n d t r v h e h d o n th e

 o the r hnd n o c e r en t vtyt o twh enh e en co unt e re dt n th e f o rmo f

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 f r t en co unt e re dth e e e c t ve f fn t e nn eye r be f or ewh e r e dn g

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f ou r th t o o n d m g h t be e x pe c te d n n y n ov e w t h u ch n o p en n g

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m or n d o c p ro ce e w t o u gg e t th t n t ur e t e f w o me ho w

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 Amer cnJ o ur n o f S o c o o gy

w he re h e p e k o f t he m o t co mp e te y m n w ho h r e d th e

 e x po t o n n t h e ge ne r e ct o n u u y o e n o f t he o d e r co m

p en d o n c he m t ry y o n t om c w e gh t n d eq u v e nc e n d t h t

g oe o ng w t h t h t o n t h e co nc e pt o f o u t o n o pp o e d to t h e c om

 b n t o n o n t he e e c tr oc he m c p ro b e m o n o me r m e tc 1 90 9

p 5 7 5 T h m o t c om p e te y m n w h o h d r e d c om p en d o n c he m t r y

w ou d b e M x W e b er h m e f H e g v e n o r ef er en ce B u t Ko pp t n d r d

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 374

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  t o n o f th e ch r c t e r o fh n o ve wh er eWebe r n d h c o nt empo r r e

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  v g em e nt w h c h t m e 1 9 02 4 4 71

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u n d g ve u h op e fo r m r y g oo d u cc e W e do h v e th e ex m p e

 375

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 6 3 Amo ngh H ede be rgc o e gue n e th erWndebndn o r R ck e r tn or

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h d A W eb er h d r e d n F c h er H t o r y of M od e rn P h o o p h y w h c h

  m y o h v e e rv e d t ex t f or t h e e c tu re h e h e rd e e W n de b n d

 1 89 7 p 6 t he p c e o f f f n ty n d e o f re o n n K n t c r t qu e w

 f o r Fch e r c r uc o n eT h r oughK n t th e P t o n cdo ct r n e o f th e de

h d u ff er ed r d c c h n ge N o o ng e r we re t h e d e t o r e t e t o th e

t h n g t he r c o nc e pt n d t he r r ch et y pe N ow t h e d e w er e t o e r ve

k no w ed ge n o t t o b e ct A n d e o f re o n f f n t y t oo d n d e f or

  co n ce pt f o rmto n mxm fo r the c o n duc t o fn t e e c t e e F ch e r 1 86 9

 p p 5 9 2 97 A m r c o nc ep t o n wo u d h o d f or h p u p W e b er o n

K n t n e x c on o f W eb e r t h ou g ht e e ct v e f f n t y w o u d b e n d e

 377

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 Amer cnJ o ur n o f S o c o o gy

  NNERAFFN TY

  nh muchn ege c t e dr evew o f T h eC on f c t n th eGe rmnLt e r t ur e

 o f th e P tD e cde c o n ce r nngtheCh r c t er o f th e S o c C o n t t ut o n o f

t he A n c en t G er m n W eb er w r t e W he n w e co n t ru c t t g e o f

c u t ur e t h e n th t ho ug ht c o n tr uc t n y e d n t o u d gm e nt m e n o n y

t h t t he n d v d u p p e r n ce t h t w e t he re by e mb e c o nc e pt u y

  re d eq u t e t o on e n o th er p o e c er t n m e u re o f n n e r f f n t y

  nn er eV e rwndt ch f t w th o n en o th e r butn e ve r th t th eyf o o w

f ro m o ne n ot he r w t h n y k n d o f w f u n e n o t he r w or d t he y r e

 c o nc e ptu men o f po rt r y butn o t f oun dt o n f o r de duc t o nn

  cc or d w th t he n f m ou c he m A m en r e m or t C u m n

t he re fo re h e m or t 1 90 4b p p 4 40 4 1 W h e t h e t er m h er e n ne r

f f n t y r t h er t h n e e c t ve f f n t y t h e r ef e re n ce t o d eq u c y m y

  e r ve t o c o nne c t th p gew th th e t e r o ne n Ec o no myndS o c e ty

 w h er e W eb e r ex p n ed h u g e o f e ec t v e f f n t y n t h t n t n c e n

t er m o f t h e d e qu c y o r n d e qu c y o f f o rm o f c t o n n d e c on om c

f or m t o o n e n ot h er 1 9 22 p 1 83 1 9 6 8 p 3 4 1 B ut e q u y f n o t

 mo re mpo rtn th e r e f o r the o gc o f e e c t ve f fn tyn Webe r u ge r e

 h r ef e re n ce t o t he n y o f c on t r uc t n t o u dg m en t n d h d en o f

 n e ce tyn th e r e t o nh p be twe en tho e udgmen t T h e f ormerw oud

 y e d t h e f r me wo rk f o r th e d e o f e e ct v e f f n t y t h e t t er t o cu n

 theorderofh thought

A w t h o m n y po n t o f ep t e mo o gy n d o g c t w h f r en d n d

 c o e gueH en r chR ck er twh o pro vde d t r tn gpo n t f o rWeber

 th ough t e e B urge r 1 97 6 nh d e r t t o n o n th e the o ryo f de fn t o n

R c k er t w r te t h t t he d e f n t on w h c h e n um er t e n um b er o f

f e t ur e c om p e x of u d g me nt f or t h e de c r t o n o f e c h f e t ur e

w y u dg me nt n d to b e u re c om p ex o f n y t c u dg me nt t h t

e xp c t y d p y e v er yt h n g th t w r e d y co nc e v ed w t h n t h e co n

c ep t A c co rd n g y n y t c d ef n t o n t r n t e t h e c on ce p t n to u d g

m en t o r n to e r e o f u d g me nt e c h o f w ho e u b e ct t he c o nc e pt t o

 b e n y e d n d w ho e p r ed c t e f or m t he f e t u re 1 88 8 1 9 15

 p p 5 7 5 8 B u t t h t r n t o n o f n n d v d u c on ce p t n to u d g me nt

 go emuch fur th e r n t c o n e quen ce R ck e rt c o n tn ue

  w e k no w th t t h e o g c d e o f ou r k no w e dg e c on t o f c om p e te

y t e m of u d g me nt w ho e u b e ct n d p re d c t e r e c on t n t t he re

 f o re de fn e dc o nc e pt Le t u mgn e th yt emt t o n o f o ur kn ow edge

c c omp h edn th tdr e c t o nWe co udth en c o mpr e th e c o n ten t o f o ur

 kn ow edgew th n e t o f thr e d nwh ch th e f xe dkn ot r e pre en t th e

c o nc e pt th e th r e d o n th e o th e r hndwh chgo f r o mo n ekn ot t o th e

 o the r r e t o de n e t e th e c o nn e ct o n be tw e en th e c o n ce pt th t th e

  ud gm e nt H um n t h ou g ht c ou d n e ve r e n v g e t h n et n t

 t o t tybut c o udo nyt r ve r e t n th t tn o w f o rm co nc e pt f r o mo ut

 378

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  Webe r E e c t veAf fn t e

  o f the e emen t c o nn ec t edt o o n en o th e r th t th e udgmen t n o w

n y e t h e e co nc ep t b c k n t o ud gm en t u t t he k no t n t h e

n et c o n t o n y o f th re d c on ce pt r e n ot h n g e e b u t t he t r n t o n

 po n t o f n t er e c tn gudgment 1 8 88 1 9 1 5 pp 5 8 5 9

 T h t th en th e o gc o f nytypo ogyWebe r n cuded Wh er e th e udg

m e nt c on t t u t n g tw o or m o re o f t t er m n te r e ct t r n t o n p o n t

 be twe en th e t erm de fn ed Wh er e tw o o rmor e o f th o e t e rm hr e

 pr e dc t en c o mmo n th eyr e n th t r e pe c t de qut e t o o n en o th er

o r n t h e e n e of M e n t b e o f co nc ep tu f f n t e n d K n t d e

 o f r e o n b e fo re t t h ey p o e n ne r f f n t y

B u t th e e n n e r f f n t e h o d n ot o n y f or R c k er t n et o f c on t n t

 d e f ne d c e n t f c c on c ep t b u t n y d c t on r y d e mo n t r te t he y o

 h o df o r th ew or dth emeve n th e r e fe r ent n e tw o rk o f th e r o r dn r y

 u ge En c o un t e r ngth n gh th o w eve r o bcurey ndn c o mpe tey

th ought o utn Go tt D o mnn c e o f th eWor d1 9 0 1 Webermde n o te

 t h t o ur e x pe r e nc e b o u t e y n o o ng er t o b e e p r t e d f ro m t he

  wo r d B r unn 1 9 72 p9 9 n

T he n t u r f f n t e o f o r d n r y n gu g e r e n ot u n re t e d t o t ho e o f

 th e c en t f c typo oge A Webe r po n t o ut T h e c on t r uc t ve c on c ept

  of o c o o gy r e d e t yp c n ot o n y ou tw r d y bu t o n w r d y n

 t he g r e t m o r t y o f c e r e c t on p r oc ee d n m u ff e d h f c on c o u

 n e o f t n te nd e d me n n g T he c to r v g u e y f ee t r t h er t h n

 k n ow n g t A ct u y e f fe ct v e t h t f u y c on c o u n d c e r me n

ng fu c ton n re t y w y o ny m t ng c e But th t not

 t o hnde r o c o o gy n f o rmngt c o nc e pt th r ough c f c t o n o f th e

 p o b e n te nd ed m e n ng w h ch t o y f t he c t o n d d n f c t

p r oc ee d n c o n c o u o r e nt t o n t o m e n n g 1 9 2 2 p 1 0 1 96 8 p 2 1

 f t h e c o nc ep t o f o c o og y r e t h e m t c e o f p o b e n t e nd e d me n

n g o f t h e wo rd n d f t h e w or d r e n ne r f f n e t o o n e n o th e r t he n

 t h e n n er f f n t e o f t h e w or d w b e r ef e c te d t t h e r m t n t h o e

 c o nc e ptWh e th er nn e r o r e e c t ve n th emenng o f th ew or d th e f

f n t e o f t he c o nc e pt w h v e t he r o ur ce

MUNDU S NT ELLGB LS

 A ct on d We be r n th em o tb c of h d ef n t on t om e n

  h um n b eh v o r f n d n o f r t he c t or o r c to r t t c h u b

  e ct v e m e n n g t o t 1 92 2 p 1 1 9 6 8 p 4 F r om t h d e f n t on t

 f o o w t o n c e th t e ve rymen ngn th e e xc o n o f th e c t o r r e pr e en t

  p o b e c t on n d t h t c o nv er e y e ve ry c t o n po rt r y t h e m e n n g

n t h t e x c o n t o wh c h t r ef er re d T h u t he w o r d of c t o n b o t h

  c tu n d po b e m un du n te g b B ut t he e e me nt o f t h

 379

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 Amer cnJ o ur n o f S o c o o gy

  n t e g bew o r d r en o t t o be c on de re dn th e r r e t o nhpt o t r uth

  F ro m S mm e m et ho d d ep r t by d t n g u h n g m uc h p o b e

  n t en de df ro mo be c t veyv dme nng wh ch S mmen o t o nydo e

n ot d t n g u h b u t o ft en n t e nt o n y c o nf t e W eb e r 19 22 p 1 1 9 6 8

 p 4 N or p r d o x c y r e t he e u b e ct v e y n t e nd e d me n n g t o b e

c on d e re d p yc ho o g c y h ow m t k e n t t o re g rd n y o rt o f

  p y c ho o g y t he u t m t e f ou nd t o n o f o c o og y T he m t k e

  e n t h e co nc ep t o f th e p y c ho o g c t h t w h t ev e r n ot p h y c

p y c ho o g c B ut t h e me n n g o f c c u t o n t h t o me on e n t en d

 n o t t p y ch o og c W eb er 1 92 2 p 9 1 96 8 p 1 9 n c h pt er o n

H t o r c U nd er t n d n g n d t h e U nr e F or m t o n o f M e n n g w r t te n

 f o r the f o urth e dt o n o fh Lmt o fNtur S c en t f cC o nc e pt Formto n

 pub h edtheye r f t erWebe r de th butn o do ubt c o mpo e d n dd

c u e d wh e h e w t v e R ck er t t te t h t n co rp ore n ee d

 n o t ne c e r y b e r e p y c ho o g c R t h er t h e re r e f or m t o n t h t

  be o ngn e th e r t o the c o r por e n o r t o the e ven t o f th e o u n e ve r th e e

  re dr e c tykn o wn t o e ve ryo ne n dth e re f or emy o n o tbe t ut e dn

m e t ph y c b e yo nd T o t h n e v er y r e pe ct u n re r e m w e m u t c o un t

 f o r e xmpe th emenng o f w o rdo r th e th e or e t c c o nt en t o f udg

m en t E v er y on e w ho u n d er t n d u ch f or m t o n t u nd e r t n d t

  th e m e t h ng 1 92 1 p 4 05 T h t o v e t h e ep t em o og c p ro b e m

o fve r t ehen byf t B utw th th e unnmtywh ch f o r R ck e rth e r e de fn ed

b ot h u nd er t n d n g n d t h e e e me nt o f h m u nd u n te g b t he re

 c o me th emo men t o f c oe r c o nnh e ren tn nguge c o mmun ty c o n

  en u c o mmun tyWeber 1 9 1 3 pp2 7 6 8 7 T o be ur e th t c o mmun ty

  n ot f u y n n t t ut o n w t h r t o n c o n t tu t on d e p t e r u e o f

g r m m r n d e v en w t h o m e p p r t u o f c o er c o n e e 1 9 13 p 2 87 B u t

 t o be un der t o o do r t o c t ppro pr t ey ndw th o ut c en ur e th e c t or

 un de r tn dngo f th e e xc o nmutbe r geyc o ngr uen tw th th t o f th e r

  n g u ge c om mu n ty o ve r n o f r t h t u t on t he c e t h e f f n

t e o f t he w o rd w ou d h v e o b e ct v e f or ce f n o t v d t y

T he e x c o n o f n g u ge c o mm un t y d ef n e t h e u n ve r e o f p o b e

  ct o n o f t m e n be r B u t u t t h t e x c o n t ru c tu re d b y t he n n e r

  f f n t e o f t e e m en t b y t he n t e r ec t n g me n n g o f t he w o rd o t o o

 th en do e e ch uch po n t o f n t e r e ct o n e ch uchnn e r f fn ty pr e en t

 t o t he c to r t r n t o n p o n t o f ch o c e of p o b e c t o n n h t r v er

o f h u n v er e o f m e n n g F or t h e c t or o f We b er o c o og y h v e t h t

 c h o c e V er y t e n t h t o r y n d m u ch c r c um c r b ed n c op e K n t

d oc tr n e o f th e e mp r c n d t he n t e g b e c h r c t e r 1 9 0 2 3 3 6 8 7 7

  m k e t e f f e t n W e be r d e f n t o n o f c t on b e h v or o r e nt ed t o

m e n ng n d of o c o o gy c e nc e th t e ek t o u nd er t n d o c c t on

 e xp c t v e y n d n o d o n g to e xp n t c u y 1 92 2 p 1 1 96 8 p

4 B u t fo r W eb er f or K n t t h t n t e rv en t o n of t h e n te g b e c h r

 380

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  Webe r E e c t veAf fn t e

  c t er n t o t he c h n o f e m p r c c u t y b y m e n o f e t h c y n or m

 t v e c t o n 1 90 5b p 1 0 8 r e m n e d m t c o nc ep t n t w o r e t e d

 e n e F r t n d mo t f m r y n t he e n e o f th e v u e ne ut r t y o f h

  o c c e n ce A n e mp r c c e n ce c n t e c h n o o ne w h t t h e o ug ht

 t o d o b ut r t h er o n y w h t t h e c n d o n d n c e rt n c r cu m t n c e

w h t t h e w nt t o d o 1 9 04 p 2 7 1 9 49 p 5 4 B ut t he n co n

v e r e y t o o o c o og y n e m p r c c e n ce c n n ot d e te rm n e w h ch c h o ce

  of p o b e c t on t h e c to r w m k e n h t r ve r o f h u n v er e o f

 m e n n g T o b e u r e t he c to r c h o c e o f po b e c t on c r c um c r b ed

b y t he n n e r f f n t e o f t he e e m en t o f h e x c on J u t t he e t ru c tu re

t e e m en t n to n e tw or k o f m e n n g o d o t he y t r u ct ur e h p o b e

  c t o n n t o c on t e t o n Andth emor en d w th th egr e t e r c on t n cy

  h c t o n r e o r e n te d t o h u t m t e v u e t he m o re t h ey f u n de r t he

  c h em o f p ur p o v e r t o n t e e o og c r t o n c t on e e W eb er

1 90 6c p 1 08 1 9 7 5 p 1 1 8 N ev e rt he e t he c t or c ho c e o f u t m t e

v u e b e yo nd t h e ke n o f o c c e n ce T h e re fo re W e b er d e n e n e ce t y

  n th e r e t o nhp c o n t t utn gth e c on c ept u c o n t r uc t o fh c en c e

 d e p t e d eq u c y or n n e r f f n t y B u t w th t h t d e n c om e e c on d

  on ew th o ut th tn e c e tyth e re c o udben o pr o r f o un dt o n f o r the

 p o b t y o f o c c e n ce n t he m n n e r n w h c h K n t co nc e v ed u ch

  f o u nd t o n f or t h e n t ur c e n ce A c co rd n g y n K n t v e w o f th e

 ch emtr yo f th e 1 8th c en tur y o c c en c e c oudn eve r benythngmo r e

  th n y t e m t c r t b e d o n d v o rc e o f th e e mp r c f ro m t he r t o n

T h t y e d t he o c u o f e e c t v e f f n t y n t h e o rd er o f M x W e be r

 thought

  ELECTVEAFFN TY

  t th e f re e domo f th e c t or w th r e pe c t t o th e r ch o ce o f utm t e

 v u e t h t r en de r W e b er o c c e n ce p r ob e m t c w t h n t he K n t n

b ou n d o f h o rd er o f d c o u r e e v en t h f re e do m d er v e f r om t h t

K n t n f r m e T he o g c o f e e c t ve f f n t y wo u d p ro v d e o u t on H e r e

  m et p h or m y b e o f u e V u e r e r e t e d to m e n n g r e t he c o n te

t o n t o t h e t r T he y r e n o t th e r o u rc e n d n n o w y c o u d k no w ed g e

 o fmenng de te rmn e ch o ce o f v ue Fo r the e emen t o f th emundu n

t e g b r e mu t v e n t T he r f f n t e r e m n fo d n d m y b e o f th re e

  k n d T h e y m y o n t h e e e m en t o f t h e mu nd u n te g b t o o ne

  n o th e r thr o ugh th en t e r e c t o n o f th e rmenng T h eym yexcude

 th o e e ement f r omo n en o th e r thr o ugh k en t e r e c t o nw th chnge

 o f gnT h e r emyben o n t e r e ct o n but th ro ugh th e f o rmer menng

r e o n e d h o we ve r n d r ec t y A m e n n g n t ot o t o n f ro m t he r e t

  n o m e n ng t T he g r e t er t h e nu m be r o f po t v e n ne r f f n t e

b e tw ee n t wo e e m en t v v t he t o t p o b e n u mb er t h e m o re t ro ng y

 381

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 Amer cnJ o ur n o f S o c o o gy

r e t he e e m en t o n ed T h t t he r d eg re e o f e e c t ve f f n t y T he

h g h er t h e me n n g t h e g r e te r w ou d b e t e e c t ve f f n t y fo r t he r e t

 T he h g h e t r e v u e B ut t h e e x c on o f p o b e c t o n o f m e n n g

 f n t e n d t h e h r mo ny o f t he v u e b y n o m e n u re d m p o b e t

 m ybe t o beh o dth e be r n dth e dppe r t o n c e upo n then o r th e rn ky

 butve rypo be t o e r ve t o n c e th eR ef o rmto n w o rk e th c w e

  t f th

O n y t he o g c o f t h e n t er re t o n h p o f n e tw or k o f m e n n g o f

 p o b e c t o n c o u d e e c t ve f f n t y ex t en d c r o t he d v e r t y o f

 Webe r u ge f r o mth e e e c t ve f fn tyo f c o nc r et e f o rm o f o c c t o n

w t h c on c re te e c on om c f o rm t o t he e e c t ve f f n t y of m r d e H er e

 Webe r e r udt o nnd n gh tw oudme e tw thh o r de r o f d c o ur e Fr o m

c he m t r y n d B e rg m n w ou d c o me t h e b c p r d g m o f e e ct v e f f n t y

 f ro m t e r t u re n d G oe th e t p p c t o n t o t h e po rt r y o f o c r e

t o n h p f ro m p h o o p hy n d K n t t h e r t o f d v or ce o f t he e m p r c

f ro m th e r t on n d th e f f n ty o f t h ng n t he r p o b t y A

 mxm fo r the c o n duc t o f ch o r h p e e c t ve f fn tyw o udugge t th e

 c o n t ruc t o n o f de type de r ve df r omth eunve r e o f o r dn r y nguge

n d t he n y o f t ho e t y pe c c or d n g to t h e r u dg m en t n o rd e r to

 t r c e n t h e r e e ct v e f f n t e t he c to r c h o c e o f p o b e c t o n T h t

 y e d o g c f or o c o og y d e v e r te h en de w h c h wo u d n t h e co n

  c o u n e o f th e n r ro w m t n to w h c h t b n n ed W eb er 1 9 22 p 8

1 96 8 p 1 7 v o uc h f e t p o b t y t e e ct v e f f n ty c on ce v ed

  de

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 Webe r n e verw o r kedo ut th e o gc c o n e q uen ce mpc t nh o wnuge

o f e e ct v e f f n t y B u t d e p t e t he n f o rm t y o f h u g e t h e e c on e

q uen c e c n be n f er r edf r o mt dve r tyth r o ugh r e c our e t o th e o r der o f

d c ou r e w h ch f o rm ed t u b t r t e F or W e be r n t h e gr e t t r d t o n o f

 G e rm n p h o o g c c ho r h p t he o r de r o f n g u ge w t he v r t u

  or der o f o c e tyT h e e ement o f th t o r de rw er e th emenng o f th e

w or d n t h e r or d n r y u g e b y t h e c t or n h t or y V e w ed f r om w t h n

t he K n t n b ou n d o f h o rd er o f d c o u r e t h o e c t o r r e f re e n t h e r

 c ho c e o f c t u c t on T hu h t o r y wo u d b e o g c c h o w e r e t n o t

 f o r n o r de r n th e un ve r e o f th emenng t o wh ch th o e c t o r o r en t

t he r c t o n T h t o r de r t o b e fo un d n t h e e e ct v e f f n t e o f wo rd

 th e gre t e r o r e e r e xt en t t o wh ch th eypo e nn er f fn tyth r ough th e

  nt er e c t on o f t he r m e n n g t t h o rd e r n t h e un v e r e o f po b e

c t on w h c h m ke h o c c e nc e po b e T h e c to r c h oc e o f po

  b e c t o n r e g v e n b y t he e e c t ve f f n t e o f t h e r u n ve r e o f m e n n g

  Th e o r de r o f th e c t u th e c our e o fh t o ry ndth e t r uc tur e o f o c e ty

 382

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  Webe r E e c t veAf fn t e

 is to be read from this order of the possible The task of Webers science is

t o p or tr y t c h n g ng c o n te t o n

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 We

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hunde r t S t ut t gr tK o hhmmer

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 Amer cnJ o ur n o f S o c o o gy

R ck e rt H en r ch 1 8 88 1 9 15 Zur Leh r e vo n der D e fn t o n 2 de dT ubngenM o h r

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  bngenMohr

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  ttut

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  1 9 12 bPh o o ph ch e Wo r t er buch Le p g K r 6n e r

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  1 9 13 Go e th e Le p g K nkh r dt&B e rmnn

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 Weber M r nn e 1 9 26 M xWebe r En Le ben bd T ubngenM o hr

W eb er M x 1 90 4 D e O b ek t v t t o w e n ch f t c he r un d o p o t c h er

 E r k en nt n A rc h v f ur S o w v e n c h f t un d S oc p o t k 1 9 2 2 8 7

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 2 8 6 4 33 7 0

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  1 9 06 c R o ch e r undK n e undde o gch en Pr o bemede r h t o r ch enN

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 384

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  Webe r Ee c t veAf fn t e

1 97 5 R o c he r n d K n e T he L o g c P r ob e m o f H t or c E co no m c N e w

 YorkFreePre

 Weh e rHn U r ch 1 9 73 D de ut cheK e r re ch 1 8 7 1 1 9 19 G6 t tn genVnden

 hoek& Ruprecht

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  1 9 10 D e ut ch eWo r t e rbuchV o 2 5 th e d Ge enT o D emnn

Wee B enn o vo n 1 9 5 1 Anmer kungen t o D e Whve rwndt ch f t en nGo e th e

 Wer ke e dt e dbyB enn o vo nWe e V o 1 9 Hmbur gWegene r

W n d e b n d W h e m 1 89 7 K u no F c he r u nd e n K n t H m b ur g V o

Z e t e r J u u e d 1 9 18 G o e th e H n db u ch V o 3 S t ut t g rt M e t e r

 385