may hamza - ain shams...
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May Hamza
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1. Define basic terms in pharmacology: pharmacodynamics, therapeutic effects, mechanism of action of drugs, side effect, drug interactions.
2. Explain important properties for receptor mediated actions.
3. Identify the types of ligands.
2
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It is the science that deals with drugs,
their nature, pharmacodynamics,
pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses,
preparations and administration.
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It is a chemical substance that alters body
functions & can be used for diagnosis, prevention
or treatment of disease & is recognized in a
pharmacopeia.
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Nature
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Studies of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs and their mechanism of action.
What drugs do to the organism
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They are the studies of the: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of drugs
i.e. what happens to drugs inside the body.
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Pharmacokinetics
Concentration versusTime
Conc.
Time
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Pharmacodynamics
Dose versus
Response
Dose (Log)
Res
po
nse
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What drugs do to the organism
Therapeutic Effect
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Receptor mediated mechanism
Signaling mechanisms
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Nonreceptor mediated mechanism
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Dose versus
Response
Dose (Log)
Res
po
nse
Dose-response Relationship
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Adverse Reactions
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Target Site
Other Sites
Therapeutic effect
Adverse effect
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Drug Interactions
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It is the science that deals with drugs,
their nature, pharmacodynamics,
pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses,
preparations and administration.
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• Receptor mediated mechanism
• Signaling mechanisms
• Nonreceptor mediated mechanism
Mechanism of Action of
Drugs
• Factors Modifying Dose-Response Relationship
• Pharmacogenetic disorders
Dose-response Relationship
• Adverse drug reactions
• Drug InteractionsUnwanted Effects
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1. Chemical name: it describes the drug chemically but is not
suitable for use in prescribing.
(code name (e.g., RO-15-1788) for simplicity).
2. Nonproprietary: official or approved name
3. Proprietary name: commercial property of a drug company
"Brand name“
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Acetylsalicylic acid
2-acetoxybenzoic acid
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panadol
abimol
paramol
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamideParacetamol
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These are drugs that satisfy the priority health care needs of the
population.
Their choice depends on their safety, efficacy and low cost.
They should be available at all times in adequate amounts,
suitable dosage forms and low cost.
WHO releases a list of essential medicines and national lists for
individual countries are also available.
These allow improved availability of medicines, cost saving and
more rational use of drugs.
Examples of essential drugs: aspirin, paracetamol, warfarin
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These are drugs or biological products for diagnosis/
treatment/prevention
of a rare disease or condition, or a common disease endemic
only in poor countries
for which the cost of developing and marketing is not expected
to be recovered from the sales of that drug.
Governments offer drug companies incentives e.g. tax benefits for development of orphan drugs.