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Page 1: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Chapter 14

Routing Protocols

RIP, OSPF, BGP

Page 2: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-1

Autonomous systems

Page 3: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-2

Popular routing protocols

Distance Vector Link State Path Vector

Page 4: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Distance Vector Routing.

Forouzan + CCNA:

Slow convergence. Routing loops. Counting to infinity. Split horizon Route poisoning. Triggered update.

Page 5: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RIP:Routing

InformationProtocol

14.314.3

Exposición equipo 5

Page 6: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example of updating a routing

Page 7: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Initial routing tables in a small autonomous system

Page 8: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Final routing tables for the previous figure

Page 9: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RIP message format

Page 10: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Request messages

Page 11: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example 1Example 1

What is the periodic response sent by router R1 in Figure 13.8 (next slide)? Assume R1 knows about the whole autonomous system.

Page 12: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example 1

Page 13: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

SolutionSolution

R1 can advertise three networks 144.2.7.0, 144.2.9.0, and 144.2.12.0. The periodic response (update packet) is shown in Figure 13.9 (next slide).

Page 14: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Solution to Example 1

Page 15: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RIP timers

Page 16: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example 2Example 2

A routing table has 20 entries. It does not receive information about five routes for 200 seconds. How many timers are running at this time?

Page 17: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

SolutionSolution

The timers are listed below:

Periodic timer: 1

Expiration timer: 20 5 15

Garbage collection timer: 5

Page 18: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Slow convergence

Page 19: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Hop count

Page 20: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Instability

Page 21: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Split horizon

Page 22: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Poison reverse

Page 23: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RIP-v2 Format

Page 24: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RIP version 2 supports RIP version 2 supports CIDR.CIDR.

Page 25: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Authentication

Page 26: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

RIP uses the services of UDP RIP uses the services of UDP on well-known port 520.on well-known port 520.

Page 27: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

OSPF:OSPF:Open Shortest

Path First

14.514.5

Page 28: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Areas in an autonomous system

Page 29: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Types of links

Page 30: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Point-to-point link

Page 31: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Transient link

Page 32: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Stub link

Page 33: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example of an internet

Page 34: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Graphical representation of an internet

Page 35: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Types of LSAs

Page 36: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Router link

Page 37: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Network link

Page 38: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Summary link to network

Page 39: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Summary link to AS boundary router

Page 40: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

External link

Page 41: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example 3Example 3

In Figure 14.31 (next slide), which router(s) sends out router link LSAs?

Page 42: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-31

Example 3 and Example 4

Page 43: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

SolutionSolution

All routers advertise router link LSAs.

R1 has two links, Net1 and Net2.

R2 has one link, Net2 in this AS.

R3 has two links, Net2 and Net3.

Page 44: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example 4Example 4

In Figure 14.31, which router(s) sends out the network link LSAs?

Page 45: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

SolutionSolution

All three network must advertise network links:

Advertisement for Net1 is done by R1 because it is the only router and therefore the designated router.

Advertisement for Net2 can be done by either R1, R2, or R3, depending on which one is chosen as the designated router.

Advertisement for Net3 is done by R3 because it is the only router and therefore the designated router.

Page 46: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In OSPF, all routers have In OSPF, all routers have the same link state database.the same link state database.

Page 47: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Shortest path calculationDijkstra algorithm

Start

Stop

Set root to local node and move it to tentative list

Among nodes in tentative list, move the one with the shortest path to permanent list.

Tentative listis empty?

Add each unprocessed neighbor of last moved node to tentative list if not already There. If neighbor is in the tentative listwith larger cumulative cost, replace with

new one.

No

Yes

Page 48: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Shortest path calculationDijkstra algorithm

Page 49: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

0

Page 50: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

N3 N5

0

59

Page 51: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

N3 N5

0

59

Page 52: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

D E

N3 N5

0

59

9 9

Page 53: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

A

D E

N3 N5

0

59

9 9

17

Page 54: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

A

D E

B

N3 N5

N4

0

59

9 9

17 13 11

Page 55: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

A

D E

B

N3 N5

N4

0

59

9 9

17 13 11

Page 56: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

A

D E

B

N3 N5

N4

N1

0

59

9 9

17 13

20

11

Page 57: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

A

D E

B

N3 N5

N4

N1

0

59

9 9

17 13

20

11

22

Page 58: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

C

20

F

A

D E

B

N3 N5

N4

N1

59

9 9

17 13

20

11

Page 59: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

C

N2

20

22

F

A

D E

B

N3 N5

N4

N1

59

9 9

17 13

20

11

Page 60: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

F

A

D E

B

C

N3 N5

N4

N1

N2

0

59

9 9

17 13

20

20

22

11

Page 61: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Types of OSPF packets

Page 62: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

OSPF packet header

Page 63: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Hello packet

Page 64: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Database description packet

Page 65: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Link state request packet

Page 66: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Link state update packet

Page 67: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

LSA header

Page 68: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Router link LSA

Page 69: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example 5Example 5

Give the router link LSA sent by router 10.24.7.9 in Figure 14.41.

Page 70: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-41

Example 5

Page 71: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

SolutionSolution

This router has three links: two of type 1 (point-to-point) and one of type 3 (stub network). Figure 14.42 shows the router link LSA.

Page 72: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-42

Solution to Example 5

Page 73: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Network link advertisement format

Page 74: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Example 6Example 6

Give the network link LSA in Figure 14.44.

Page 75: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-44

Example 6

Page 76: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

SolutionSolution

The network, for which the network link advertises, has three routers attached. The LSA shows the mask and the router addresses. See Figure 14.45.

Note that only one of the routers, the designated router, advertises the network link.

Page 77: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Figure 14-45

Solution to Example 6

Page 78: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Summary link to network LSA

Page 79: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Summary link to AS boundary LSA

Page 80: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

External link LSA

Page 81: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

Link state acknowledgment packet

Page 82: McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 14 Routing Protocols RIP, OSPF, BGP

McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

OSPF packets are OSPF packets are encapsulated in IP datagrams.encapsulated in IP datagrams.


© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002 McGraw-Hill/Irwin

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 13 Routing Protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP)

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