Means of EgressExit RoutesSubpart E

الهروب مسالكFrom

29 CFR 1910.35

To

29 CFR 1910.38

المقدمة

• This Subpart is about ensuring that when people need to have a safe and efficient means of leaving a building or facility under emergency situations, that means will be there and they will have minimal problems finding it and using it.

• The entire Subpart E is promulgated from NFPA 101 Life Safety Code.

وسائل • وجود من للتأكدمخارج و آمنة هروب

إلخراج كافية للطوارىءفى المبنى شاغلى

الطوارىء حاالتلهذه • المرجع

: هو NFPAالمواصفاتالمواصفات 101 وهى

األرواح بإنقاذ الخاصة

تعريفات29 CFR 1910.35

• Means of Egress:It is a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way, and consists of three separate and distinct parts:

1- The way of exit access2- The Exit,3- The exit discharge.

•: الهروب مسالكاإلنتقال • مسارات هى

شاغلو يسلكها التىبها يوجد وال المبنى

أية من عوائق أيةإلى بالمبنى نقطة

وتتكون العام الطريق: أجزاء ثالثة من

إلى 1. الوصول مسارالمخرج

المخرج2.

المخرج 3. صرف منفذ

إلى الوصول مسارالمخرج

المخرج

المخرج صرف منفذ

Exit Access الوصول مسار للمخرج

Is that portion of a means of egress which leads to an entrance to an exit

Access to ExitsMirrors must not be placed on or near exit doors

مرا تركيب الطوارىء ياعدم مخارج من بالقرب تRoutes of exit access must never be toward a high

hazard location, unless effectively shielded أماكن خالل من يكون أال يجب المخرج إلى الطريق

. عزلها تم قد األماكن هذه تكن لم ما الخطورة عاليةMinimum width of any way of exit access is 28 inches

عن عرضه يقل أال يجب المخرج إلى 28الطريق(70بوصة ) سم

Exterior Routes of Exit Access

Permanent, reasonably straight route of travel للمخرج للوصول الحركة مسارات تكون أن يجب

مستقيمة مسارات تكون أن ويفضل دائمة مساراتNo obstructions of exterior access route

للوصول الحركة مسارات فى عوائق أية توجد أال يجبللمخرج

No dead ends longer than 20 feet إلى الوصول ومسار المسدودة النهاية بين المسافة

مسافة تسمى القريب المخرج مدخل أو المخرجعن تزيد أال يجب والتى الميتة (6قدم )20النهاية متر

Unobstructed Access

– Maintain exit routes free of obstructions

– Exit route cannot require travel to a dead end

– Exit route cannot go through a room that might be locked

Exit Route Capacityand Dimensions

• Must support the maximum permitted occupant load for each floor served

• Capacity must not decrease in the direction of exit route travel to the exit discharge

• Ceiling must be at least 7-½ ft. high with no projection reaching a point less than 6 ft.-8 in. from floor

• An exit access must be at least 28 in. wide at all points

Exit routes must have adequate capacity & size

• Exit routes must be at least:– 6 feet, 8 inches high– 28 inches wide

7b

Exit Route Capacity and Dimensions

• Ceiling must be at least 7-½ ft. high with no projection reaching a point less than 6 ft.- 8 in. from floor

• An exit access must be at least 28 in. wide at all points

1910.36 (g)(1) and (2)

7-½ ft.

6 ft.- 8 in.

ExitالمخرجIs that portion of a means of egress which is separated from all other spaces of the building or structure by

construction or equipment to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge

Means of Egress, General29 CFR 1910.37

• Protective Enclosure of Exits:

When an exit is protected by separation from

Other parts of the building, the separating

Construction shall meet the following:

1- Three Stories or less – 1hr. Fire resistance

2- Four or more stories – 2hrs. Fire resistance

One - hour fire resistance - rating: three or fewer stories

Exit Routes:Basic Requirements

An exit must be separated by fire resistant materials.

1910.36(a)(2)

Exit enclosure

Two - hour fire resistance – rating for four or more stories.

Three Stories or Less

Four Stories or More

Positive Pressure - Stairs

المخرج صرف ExitمنفذDischarge

Is that portion of a means of egress between the termination of an exit and a public way.

Exit discharge. . . must lead directly outside or to a street,

walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space with access to the outside . . .(This area) must be large enough . . .

Fabricating shop

Offices Storage

Exit access

Exit

Discharge

1910.36 (c)(1) and (2)

Exit

Discharge

29 CFR – 1910.36General Requirements

• Requirements that apply to all buildings:

1. Shall have exits sufficient for prompt and convenient escape of occupants in emergency.

2. Building structure shall not cause danger to occupants during period necessary for escape.

Continued

3-There shall be no locks or devices to prevent

emergency egress except in specialized facilities.

4-Means of egress shall be clearly visible and understandable to occupants who are physically and mentally capable to know the direction of escape.

5-Minimum ceiling height of 7 feet, 6 inches

6- Projections from the ceiling )lights, etc.( must be at least 6 feet, 8 inches from the floor

Emergency exit locked

Continued

7- Any doorway or passageway not constituting an exit or way to occupants to reach an exit, shall be clearly marked “Not an Exit”.

8- Adequate and reliable illumination shall be provided for all exit facilities in every building or structure.

9- Signs clearly visible with the word “EXIT” in plain letters at least 6 inches high and at least a ¾” stroke width

Exit Marking

• Each exit must be clearly visible and marked with an “Exit” sign

• Each exit route door must be free of decorations or signs that obscure the visibility of the door

Exit routes must be marked

• Each exit must be clearly visible and marked with a sign that says:

9a

Not an Exit

Exit Markings Illuminated by a light source at least 5 foot-

candles on the illuminated surface

Exit signs are not to be obscured by furnishings, decorations, etc.

Requirements for alarm systems

• Workplaces must have operable employee alarm systems

• Alarms must have distinctive signals to warn employees of fire or other emergencies

10a

Maintenance

• Maintenance is important to prevent protective device failures or impeded travel during an emergency.

• Every required exit, way of approach thereto, and way of travel from the exit into the street or open space shall be continuously maintained free of all obstructions or impediments to full instant use in the case of fire or other emergency.

Maintenance

• Every automatic sprinkler system, fire detection and alarm system, exit lighting, fire door, and other item or equipment, where provided, shall be continuously in proper operating condition.

Maintenance requirements

• Keep the following in proper working order:– sprinkler systems– alarm systems– fire doors– exit lighting– other safeguards to

protect employees

11b

GENERAL GUIDELINESWidth and capacity of means of egress

Level egress components: 100 persons/unit )Including Class A ramps(

Inclined egress components: 60 persons/unit )Including Class B ramps(

LESSON 2

Exit Routes Width and Capacity

• Capacity is a measure of persons per exit width. To understand capacity, it is important to understand the term exit width.

• Means of egress shall be measured in exit width units of 22 inches.

• Fractions of an exit width unit shall be counted as:

– Zero if the fractional unit is less than 12 inches

– One-half if the fraction is greater than 12 inches and less than 22 inches.

Egress Capacity and Occupant Load اإلشغال حمل

• When capacity has been determined for each means of egress, the projected occupant load for the means of egress must be calculated.

• Capacity of means of egress shall be sufficient for occupant load of any space served.

Continued

• Occupant Load is the maximum number of persons that may be in a space at any time.

• The occupant load in any building thereof shall not be assumed to be less than the number determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the occupant load factor for individual occupancies.

Continued

• Capacity of the exits at a floor can be based on individual floor occupant loads (not additive).

• Some important occupant load factors:

- Classroom area 20 Ft2 1.9 m2

- Research Labs 50 Ft2 4.6 m2

- Offices 100 Ft2 9.3 m2

- General and High

- Hazard industrial 100 Ft2 9.3 m2

Number of Means of Egress

• The minimum number of means of egress from any story or portion thereof shall be Two. )Remote from each other(

• The minimum number of means of egress:

• Occupant Load more than 500 but less than 1000: 3

• Occupant Load more than 1000: 4

Number of Means of Egress

The number of exit routes must be adequate.

1910.36(b)

Normally two or more depending on

•the size of the building, •its occupancy, or •the arrangement of the workplace

Remotely located to provide options for evacuation

Travel Distance to Exits

• Distance to exits shall be measured from the most remote point subject to occupancy.

• Travel distance to at least one exit shall not exceed 200 Ft. (60 m) in buildings not sprinklered or exceed 250 Ft. (76 m) in buildings protected through – out by approved supervised Sprinkler System.

Travel Distance

Emergency Plans

(b) Written and oral emergency action

plans. An emergency action plan must be in

writing, kept in the workplace, and available to employees for review.

However, an employer with 10 or fewer employees may

communicate the plan orally to employees.

(c) Minimum elements of an emergency action plan.

An emergency action plan must include at a minimum:

(1) Procedures for reporting a fire or

other emergency;

(c) Minimum elements of an emergency action plan.

(2) Procedures for emergency evacuation, including type of evacuation and exit route assignments;

(c) Minimum elements of an emergency action plan.

(3) Procedures to be followed by employees who remain to

operate critical plant operations before they evacuate;

(c) Minimum elements of an emergency action plan.

(4) Procedures to account for all employees after evacuation;

Verify that employees are safe.

Fire

(c) Minimum elements of an emergency action plan.

(5) Procedures to be followed by employees performing rescue or medical duties; and

(c) Minimum elements of an emergency action plan.

(6) The name or job title of every employee

who may be contacted by employees who need more information about the plan or an explanation of their duties under the plan.

What do I do??

We do this!

(d) Employee alarm system.

An employer must have and maintain an employee alarm system.

(d) Employee alarm system.

. . .The employee alarm system must use a

distinctive signal for each purpose and

comply with the requirements in §

1910.165.

(e) Training.

An employer must designate and train

employees to assist in a safe and orderly

evacuation of

other employees. EAP

Fire

Warden

(f) Review of emergency action plan.An employer must review the . . .

EAP. . . with each employee covered by the plan:

)1( When the plan is developed or the employee is assigned initially to a job;

)2( When the employee's responsibilities under the plan change; and

)3( When the plan is changed.

Informingemployees

EAPMe

MeToo

Emergency Action Plan

Know what to do BEFOREan emergency occurs!

Know where YOU are supposed to

go if an evacuation occurs.