Meanwhile back in Africa about 40,000 BCanother mutation, M96, occurred on the the M168 lineage. This M96 marker is atthe root of yDNA haplogroup E.

M168

M60

M91

M130

M96

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yDNA Haplogroup EyDNA Haplogroup E

Haplogroup E (M96) arose in NE Africa about 40,000 years ago as a branch of the M168 lineage and later split into two quite distinct subgroups, E3a and E3b.

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M96

Haplogroup E (M96) arose in NE Africa about 40,000 years ago as a branch of the M168 lineage and later split into two quite distinct subgroups, E3a and E3b.

E3a -About 30,000 BC the M2 mutationdeveloped on the earlier M96 lineage andresulted in the very large E3a haplogroup, which spread throughout Africa, especiallyWest Africa, and represents most all African American Y-chromosomes today.

Ben, Marc and Rafiq from our CSUEB sample belong to haplogroup E3a.

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M2

M96

E3a

Haplogroup E (M96) arose in NE Africa about 40,000 years ago as a branch of the M168 lineage and later split into two quite distinct subgroups, E3a and E3b. .

E3a -About 30,000 BC the M2 mutationdeveloped on the earlier M96 lineage andresulted in the very large E3a haplogroup, which spread throughout Africa, especiallyWest Africa, and represents most all African American Y chromosomes today.

E3b - about 20,000 BC in the Near Eastanother mutation occurred in a separate pop-ulation of the M96 lineage. This marker (M35)defines haplogroup E3b, which spread into Europe during the Neolithic and occurs in high frequencies among Jewish men.

M35

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M2

M96

E3b

Dark blue = the geographicaldistribution of haplogroup E.

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The End

A kiosk presentationprepared for the exhibition

March 2 to June 15, 2007

For more information visit our web site:

http://class.csueastbay.edu/anthropologymuseum