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CATALOG T8

MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

PHYSICS

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MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

LD Didactic T 8

Content

Instrumentation, Control and Automation Technology

Instrumentation, Control and Automation are terms from the Automation field. The aim of this field is to monitor and operate technical events and production processes by means of automatic-running control systems. Through the use of machine controllers human beings are exempted from monotonous control and operation tasks. Frequently, technical systems have requirements for accuracy, quickness and reliability that can't be met by human beings. In many skilled occupations, the rapidly spreading Automation technique calls for a sound knowledge of sensors and experience in dealing with control circuits. I&C Technology from LD Didactic takes this development into account. The present complete catalogue T8 Instrumentation, Control & Automation introduces our extensive product range based on state of the art technology. The equipments, arranged by fields of study, contain the material subdivided according to fundamentals and industrial applications. As a rule, experiments are carried out with modular experiment boards or multimedia training courses. Print date: 23.08.2011

T 8.1

T 8.3

Industrial Control Technology

T 8.2

Basics of Control Technology

Measurement & Sensor Technology

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Content

Training Systems 4

Technical Data 6

Measurement and Sensors 11

Measurement and sensor technology courses impart skills necessary to measure the fundamental electrical quantities:

Current, voltage, frequency, etc.

As well as knowledge on the function of sensors:

Strength, temperature, revolutions, pressure etc.

An important component in the field of measurement technology is the present COM3LAB course Sensor Technology.

Basics of Control Technology 27

This field contains equipment for all skilled occupations requiring fundamentals or in-depth knowledge of control technology. In the experiments, technical models and electronic links with digital operation are used.

Industrial Control Technology 65

The field of Industrial Control Technology has been completely revised. Apart from an optimised, pneumatic instrumentation, the CASSY LAB 2 integration is particularly helpful here.

Equipment sets 86

Keywords 92

Symbols and abbreviations used in this catalogue:

Experiment manuals contained

Software contained

Accessory required

Battery required

Compatible to COM3LAB

USB support

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Training Systems

Plug-In System and Training Panels

The training systems described in this catalogue can be classified into three categories:

STE- Plug-In System electric/electronic

TPS - Training Panel System

COM3LAB-Multimedia

STE Plug-In System Electric /Electronic The plug-in system developed by LD DIDACTIC is a proven experimental program for electricity and electronics. Electric and electronic components are mounted ready to use and protected from external mechanical damage by the plug-in elements’ transparent casings. The original component is visible through the transparent base.

TPS - Training Panel System Training systems based on experiment boards offer many advantages in labs and demonstration classes:

Clear representation

Block diagrams and schematic symbols according to DIN and IEC

Connections through 19 mm jumpers

Industrial modules and components for realistic measurement results

Safety sockets and cables

High compatibility with STE/SIM and COM3LAB training systems

Continuous, thematic extensions.

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Training Systems

COM3LAB-Multimedia

Theory and practice merged into one package

COM3LAB is used in the vocational training of electrical engineering and electronics. COM3LAB acts as the interface between theory and practice. Thus COM3LAB not only conveys theoretical aspects of the subject matter, but at the same time deepens and consolidates this knowledge by real experiments. COM3LAB consists of a Master Unit and various individual courses (experiment board + CD-ROM). The Master Unit is the basic device through which the software and experiment board communicate with each other. More information for the COM3LAB components shown in this catalogue can be found in the COM3LAB-System-catalogue.

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Technical Details

News from the Control Technology

The LD training equipment for measurement and control technology has been completely redesigned. Newly developed and updated electronic devices are based on state of the art technology. Modern low-offset and low-drift components deliver precise results. Digital components with incremental transducers facilitate the adjustment of devices. This allows more time for experimenting, as time-consuming calibrations are rendered unnecessary. The consistent integration of Profi-CASSY and the use of CASSY Lab 2 Software simplify the execution and analysis of experiments. Complex calibrations on links and controllers, and their resulting imprecision are things of the past. All manuals in this catalogue are available in electronic form. Simply click on the example files and Profi-CASSY automatically begins obtaining measurement values.

Many components have digital controls, making parameter adjustments very simple.

Once adjusted, no unwanted parameter changes occur.

Parameter values are always visible during experiments.

Start-up procedures are self-explanatory.

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Technical Details

Components with Incremental Transducers

Digital Controlled System (734 091) Proportional controlled system, time-delayed up to 2nd order integrating or double-integrating

Dead time element (734 0891) Element with proportional behaviour and adjustable dead time (max. 1 s). Ideal for recording frequency response curves.

Two position controller (734 011) A classical controller for slow controlled systems, e.g., temperature controls.

2nd Order transfer element (734 0951) A 2nd order oscillating system. Frequency and attenuation are adjustable.

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Technical Details

CASSY-Interfaces and CASSY Lab 2

The CASSY family consists of various hardware components and the dedicated software package CASSY Lab 2.

CASSY Lab 2 CASSY Lab 2 is a modern 32-bit software, applicable for Windows XP/Vista/7 with the following features:

Data recording

Multimeter

Oscilloscope

XY-plotter

FFT-analysis

Variety of evaluation aids

Export of measurement data and diagrams.

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Technical Details

CASSY-Interfaces and CASSY Lab 2

524 013 Sensor-CASSY 2 Sensor-CASSY is a cascadeable interface for data recording. It has galvanic separated inputs and automatic sensor box recognition by CASSY Lab 2 (plug and play). Sensor-CASSY 2 is the interface with enhanced measurement ranges for:

T 8.1 Measurement Technology

T 8.3 Industrial Control Technology.

524 016 Profi-CASSY The interface with analogue inputs and outputs for control technology applications:

T 8.2 Control Technology

T 8.3 Industrial Control Technology

Profi-CASSY is the interface for specific use in control technology and automation. Equipped with USB and PROFIBUS interfaces, Profi-CASSY can be connected to a network. With two analogue and 16 digital inputs and outputs as well as the PROFIBUS interface, it is incredibly versatile. Profi-CASSY is ideal for integration in PLC, COM3LAB, mechatronics or frequency converters. Profi-CASSY operates under different

application programs, e.g. WinFACT or CASSY Lab 2 .

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MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

LD Didactic T 8

T 8.1 Measurement and Sensor Technology

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T 8.1 Measurement and Sensor Technology

Content

T 8.1.1

T 8.1.3

COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology

T 8.1.2

Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities

Measuring Electrical Quantities

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T 8.1 Measurement & Sensor Technology

Classification

Instrumentation, Control and Automation is an interdisciplinary field very prevalent in modern industrial society. Therefore, industry and transport management requires knowledge of energy, mass and traffic flows in production and logistics. The world is becoming more densely populated and requires intelligent processes for controlling and distributing its resources. Sensors are indispensable, as they deliver the data required for controlling processes.

T 8.1.1 Measuring Electrical Quantities The influence of passive components on current and voltage can be demonstrated simply by exchanging plug-in elements (STE). With STE, circuits can be modified and tested according to personal preference.

T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities Force and temperature are well-known examples of nonelectrical quantities that should be converted using electric controllers or controls for further processing. Training systems in this group work mainly with experiment boards (TPS). Industrial sensors are used to recognise packaged goods, and the internal structure of sensors remains hidden from the user. This is accomplished by optimising sensors in each individual application.

T 8.1.3 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology In the condensed version of the LD Multimedia training course, principles of measuring elementary electrical and nonelectrical quantities are studied. A special COM3LAB course (700 84) is dedicated to the important topic of Sensor Technology. This course focuses on measurement of nonelectrical quantities.

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T 8.1.1 Measuring Electrical Quantities

Experimental set-up with the proven Plug-In System electric/electronic.

Topics

DC and AC measurements, high impedance sources

Extending measurement ranges

Impedance converter

Instrument amplifiers

Half wave and instrumentation rectifier

F/U and AC converter

Peak value measurement

Exponential voltage and logarithmic voltage measurement.

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T 8.1.1 Measuring Electrical Quantities

Current and voltage are directly available in electrical form and do not need to be converted by any sensors from the original measurement values. Thus the basics of electrical measurement technology belong also to the fundamentals of electrical engineering technology. We handle these topics with selected components out of our Plug-In systems.

UAV

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By using Profi-CASSY and CASSY Lab 2 Software, electric power or energy can be represented as instantaneous or mean values.

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.1.1

Measuring Electrical Quantities

Quantity Cat.-no Description

1 727 549N Basic SET T 6.1.11

1 726 88 AC/DC Stabilizer

1 524 013S CASSY 2-Starter USB

1 565 852 Book: Electronic Measuring Device Circuits T 6.1.11

The complete set of required material is given in the table at the end of this catalogue. Or simply ask for an actual offer.

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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities

Equipment Sets

T 8.1.2.3

Temperature Measurement

T 8.1.2.2

Recognition of Packaged Goods

T 8.1.2.1

Force Measurements with Strain Gauge

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Equipment Sets

T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge Bridge abutments are monitored with strain gauges. Working with strain gauges in the lab is a very didactic example of how the mechanical quantity, Force, is converted into electrical signals. CASSY Lab 2 creates experiments that are particularly suitable for demonstration using a projector.

Claus Schmidt / pixelio.de

T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods A practical course based on the use of industrial sensors. Sensors are useful for material recognition and, under the correct circumstances, are able to detect piece goods on conveyor belts.

Martina Braun-Rotmann / pixelio.de

T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement Temperature determines the speed of chemical reactions and influences basic material properties. Physical quantities, such as pressure, concentration, density, pH value, flow rate, etc., depend directly on temperature. As a result, temperature is a very important status parameter in process engineering.

Dieter Schütz / pixelio.de

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T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge

Experimental set-up with bending rods and measurement timer

Topics

Conversion of the mechanical quantity force into electrical signals

Function and calibration of measurement bridges

Measurements per 4-conductor principle.

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T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge

The measurement of force with a strain gauge is a technique used around the world for converting mechanical quantities into electrical signals. Its range of application extends from modern electronic scales in industry and households right up to load controls on building structures and large vehicles. The LD training system investigates the conversion of:

Bending forces

Tension forces and

Torsion stresses.

F

N

0

10

20

30

40

50

m / g

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Relationship between the loading

mass m (horizontal axis) and the measured weight force F (vertical axis).


Force Measurements with Strain Gauge


1 734 55 Strain Gauge Transducer

1 734 56 Tensile Test Bar

1 734 565 Torsion Bar

1 311 87 Dial Gauge

1 524 016S2 Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB

1 727 66 DC Bridge Amplifier

1 315 36 Set of 7 Weights, 0.1 to 2 kg


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T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods

Topics

Selection of a suitable sensor according to the material

characteristics of the sample

Alarm circuits with sensors

Structure of a sensor chain for recording various

sample material parameters.

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T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods

The equipment in this training system includes a large selection of real industrial sensors. This allows topics to be very closely oriented to practical applications. The hardware in this training system is comprehensibly supported with extensive teachware and training software. The large selection of different material samples makes it possible to perform specific correlations between individual sensors and real process technology.

A typical industrial sensor with practical

quick-connect terminals.


Recognition of Packaged Goods


1 743 301 Standard Kit Sensors

1 743 302 Extension Kit Sensors

1 743 303 Case Test Samples


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T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement

Temperature measurement with various temperature probes.

Topics

Characteristic curve of a temperature-controlled system

Temperature control using an on-off controller

Temperature control using WinFACT

On-off controllers with delayed feedback.

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T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement

Didactic controlled systems with large time constants are difficult to monitor and the control process is lengthy. Furthermore, measurement technology requires knowledge of how to manage industrial measuring probes. For this reason, temperature is measured in a special, high-temperature oven (model 734 38) reaching approximately 200°C. Its time constant is around 10 min. Therefore, a faster system is tested for temperature regulation.

Foundries must maintain exacting, prescribed, temperature profiles for the molten mass.

Experiments with the most important types of temperature sensors are performed with our training system:

Thermo element

Resistance thermometer (Pt 100)

Thermistor (NTC).


Temperature Measurement


1 734 02 Reference Variable Generator

1 734 13 Power Amplifier

1 734 38 Oven Model 20 V, 20 W

1 734 74 NiCr-Ni Thermoelement

1 734 75 Thermocouple Connection

1 734 76 Pt-100 Resistance Probe

1 734 77 NTC Temperature Probe

1 727 66 DC Bridge Amplifier



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T 8.1.3 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology

Categories (selection)

Electrical Basics

Transformers, Rectifier

Parameters of the AC current

Strength, Pressure, Distance, Speed

Temperature, Brightness.

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T 8.1.3 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology

Measurement Technology with COM3LAB The COM3LAB courses included in this equipment impart the basics laws of electrical engineering as well as measure electrical quantities, such as voltage, current, and resistance. COM3LAB experiments are performed with circuits that have been previously prepared. In each unit, goal-oriented guidance and didactic multimedia simultaneously teach the experiment and its corresponding theory. In COM3LAB course Sensor Technology the measurement of nonelectrical quantities is studied. This course is equipped with many important converters, such as:

Bending beam with strain gauge

Pt-100, NTC, KTY temperature sensors

Peltier elements

Photodiode

Reed contacts

Etc.

COM3LAB courses offer a multi-media education with practical ex-periments. The experimentation circuits are pre-assembled, ready-to-use function modules that make experimentation fast and effective.

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.3

COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology


1 700 11 COM3LAB Course: DC Technology I

1 700 12 COM3LAB Course: DC Technology II

1 700 13 COM3LAB Course: AC Technology I

1 700 14 COM3LAB Course: AC Technology II

1 700 84 COM3LAB-Course: Sensor Technology

1 700 00USB COM3LAB Master Unit (USB)

The complete set of required material is given in the table at the end of this catalogue. Or simply ask for an actual offer. You can find complete information on COM3LAB products in the COM3LAB System Catalogue or online.

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BASICS OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

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T 8.2 Basics of Control Technology

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Content

Control of Technical Lines

T 8.2.1

Fuzzy Control

T 8.2.2

Control of Electronic Lines

T 8.2.3

Modules and Transfer Elements

T 8.2.4

Digital Control

T 8.2.5

Recording of Frequency Responses

T 8.2.6

Stability and Optimization

T 8.2.7

COM3LAB-Multimedia: Control Technology

T 8.2.8

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Content

T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines Technical controlled systems provide non-electrical controlled quantities, such as level, temperature, flow, listing angle, etc., and, consequently, require a sensor system to convert their respective controlled quantities into electrical signals. Experiments with technical control systems are particularly instructional.

T 8.2.2 Fuzzy Control The Fuzzy Control is a rule-based, expert system used to solve control problems without complex mathematics. The control algorithm is created on a PC and accesses the real controlled system through an interface.

T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines Electronic controlled systems require no additional sensors, as only electrical signals are present in the control circuit. Because electrical signals are easy to measure, experiments with electronic control systems are distinguished by conclusive, quantifiable results.

T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer Elements

In this course, controller and control systems are comprised of basic electronic modules (P, I, D elements) as well as summation points.

T 8.2.5 Digital Control In contrast to a hard-wired hardware controller, here the controller is implemented either as a block-structured or a mathematical model on the computer. Communication with the real environment takes place through an interface.

T 8.2.6 Recording of Frequency Responses Control circuits can be tested in the time domain or in the frequency domain. While transient responses are mainly discussed in the time domain, the Bode diagram, or circle diagram, is relevant to the frequency domain. Practical training for advanced students testing only electronic control systems as measuring objects.

T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimization An optimum control circuit should remain stable when no external influences are present. If a disturbance occurs, the control circuit should quickly return to its initial status without experiencing great deviations from normal operations. The subject can be handled using electronic as well as technical control systems.

T 8.2.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Control Technology Two condensed COM3LAB courses comprehensively introduce experimental control technology. In order to understand electronic control circuits, previous knowledge of operational amplifiers and sensor technology is required.

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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines

Equipment Sets

T 8.2.1.5

Brightness Control

T 8.2.1.3

Liquid Level - Measurement and Control

T 8.2.1.7

Listing Control

T 8.2.1.6

Speed and Voltage Control

T 8.2.1.4

Gas Flow Control

T 8.2.1.1

Temperature Control

T 8.2.1.2

Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control

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Equipment Sets

Control of Technical Lines is a focal point in the Fundamentals of Control Technology training system. The subsequent subjects are of great interest in technical training.

T 8.2.1.1 Temperature Control

T 8.2.1.2 Liquid Flow Measurement and Control

T 8.2.1.3 Liquid Level Measurement and Control

T 8.2.1.4 Gas Flow Control

T 8.2.1.5 Brightness Control

T 8.2.1.6 Speed and Voltage Control

T 8.2.1.7 Listing Control.

The speed at which a system responds to status changes is determined by its time constants. Moreover, time constants vary among technical systems. The following is a rough layout:

Temperature: very slow

Fluid flow: slow

Liquid level: slow

Speed: fast

Brightness: very fast

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Process visualization (SCADA = Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition). Measurements can be professionally displayed using WinFACT and Profi-CASSY.

Topics

Characteristic curve of temperature controlled systems

Temperature control with two-point controllers

Temperature control using WinFACT

On-off controllers with delayed feedback

Setup of measurement instruments

Calibration of measurement instruments.

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Temperature control in residential buildings, vehicles or workpieces classically illustrates control in systems with large time constants. The LD temperature controlled system, the on-off controller, and the PID controller are jointly addressed and can also be useful in the Fuzzy control field (T 8.2.2). The internal temperature sensor has been previously installed and a cooling fan and closable flap valve in the heating channel are used for testing disturbance reactions.

Instead of the oven model 734 38

from T 8.1.2 Measuring Non-electrical Quantities, the thermally quicker Temperature Controlled System 734 12 is used here. This increases control dynamics and decreases measure-ment time.


Temperature Control


1 734 011 Two Position Controller


1 734 12 Temperature Controlled System



1 734 482 Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition

1 568 222 Book: Fundamentals of Automatic Control Technology II, Vol. 2


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T 8.2.1.2 Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control

Level and flow measurement and control can be tested together within fluid controlled systems.

Topics

Step response of flow controlled systems

Fluid flow control with the PID Controller

Fluid flow control with WinFACT.

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T 8.2.1.2 Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control

As is the case in petrochemistry or water management, level and flow are integral to motor vehicle technology and fundamental to production and logistics within industrial applications. Fluid throughput should be recorded, controlled and corrected at every stage: from tankers, through refineries, up through the clarification plant.

UAV

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5

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The liquid flow is measured with an

internal sensor. Both absolute and relative reading flow meters can be created using CASSY Lab 2 software. Red: Flow measured in Closed

Loop Mode (using integrated subordinate control system) Black: Open Loop


Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control



1 734 064 PID Digital Controller

1 734 262 Liquid Controlled System



1 564 24EN Book: Control of Technical Lines


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T 8.2.1.3 Liquid Level - Measurement and Control

Level measurement in the liquid controlled system tank. The drainage of water from a tank is represented for different adjustments of the shut-off valve. A differential pressure sensor with a connected immersion pipe is used.

Topics

Level Control with the PID Controller

Level Control with WinFACT.

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T 8.2.1.3 Liquid Level - Measurement and Control

In addition to pressure measurement, temperature, flow, and the acquisition of filling levels in tanks and containers play a key role in the chemical industry. Different methods are used to measure filling levels. The LD training system uses the following probes:

Capacitive

Immersion pipe with differential pressure sensor

Level switch with float

w

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x

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-3

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-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

External sensors are required in

order to detect the liquid level and support a preselected level within the control circuit.

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.2.1.3 – SUPPLEMENTARY TO T 8.2.1.2

Liquid Level - Measurement and Control


1 734 81 Differential Pressure Transducer

1 734 876 Immersion Tube


The basic experiment can be extended for the dual tank model. The probes listed below can also be used in the basic experiment

OPTION

Liquid Level Control on a Dual Tank Model


1 734 264 Additional Reservoir

1 727 68 C/F-, L/F- and F/U-Converter

1 734 861 Capacitive Bar-Type Probe

1 734 881 Level Switch with Float

1 734 89 Capacitive Level Switch



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Flow Control with blower and windmill type anemometer.

Topics

Step responses of gas flow control systems

Gas Flow Control using PID Controllers

Gas Flow Control using WinFACT.

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In classical control circuits, gas flow is measured and maintained at the desired value. The anemometer operates using thermal cross or thermosensors. Applications for gas flow controls include:

Aeronautics

Motor vehicles

Air conditioning.

UAV

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5

10

t / s

0 10 20

The static characteristic curve

of a thermal anemometer is represented in the experiment. The air flow rate is measured.

The exploitation of wind energy creates a greater demand for technology which measures and controls flowing gasses. Varying wind speeds should be registered and converted into an optimum blade adjustment for the propeller (pitch control). If maximum energy production is to be achieved, the nacelle must be turned into the wind at all times.

Bigmama / pixelio.de


Gas Flow Control


1 666 630 Blower

1 666 632 Windmill Type Anemometer






(): recommended


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Topics

Step responses of light controlled systems

Brightness Control with PID Controller

Brightness Control with WinFACT.

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Brightness control is a practical example of how fast systems are controlled. Control circuits responding to changes in brightness can be found within biological systems, sports halls, hospitals, cameras, etc. Experiments operate using newly developed controlled systems with extremely short time constants. Responses to starting point changes and disturbance reactions are tested.

Light controlled system 734 311 contains effective light source, interfering light source and light sensor. New electronic system with superbright LED.


Brightness Control




1 734 311 Light Controlled System





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T 8.2.1 Technical Systems


Topics

Step response of a machine set

Speed control with PID Controller and WinFACT

Voltage control

Recording the load characteristics

Reference and disturbance behaviour of speed control

Time profile of reference control with CASSY.

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T 8.2.1 Technical Systems


The set of machines 10 W is a technical controlled system for experiments on speed and voltage control. It consists of an electrical drive including digital speed sensing, a generator machine and an electronic load. Using the adjustable load, real generator operation can be investigated. The machine set makes it possible to measure the load characteristic of the generator and the dynamic behaviour of systems of higher order. A microprocessor controlled power module supplies the drive machine. Thus no external power amplifier is required. The set of machines comes with 7-segment displays for the measurement of speed and torque.

n*

rpm

0

1000

2000

3000

t / s

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Optimum speed control Black: Reference Red: Controlled variable

UA1

V

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

5,5

6

6,5

7

t / s

3 3,5 4 4,5

UX

V

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

5,5

6

6,5

7

t1 = 0,101 s, t2 = 0,703 s T1=0.40, T2=0.10

Dynamic behaviour of the machine set


Speed and Voltage Control




1 734 111 Set of Machines 10 W





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T 8.2.1.7 Listing Control

Topics

Position control using PID controllers

Position control using WinFACT.

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T 8.2.1.7 Listing Control

Listing, or heeling, is the term given to the rolling movement of ships in waves or during the loading procedure. Listing occurs particularly when a heavy freight train mounts a ferry. When rail vehicles mount a ferry, there should be no rail kinks at the interface between ferry and feeder. Such control problems – all of which pertain to attitude stabilisation – can be investigated using listing controls. The system can be similarly operated using the real PID Digital Controller (734 064) or with a software controller based on WinFACT.

Listing controllers ensure a

balanced course tracking.


Listing Control



1 734 300 Listing Controlled System






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Software

WinFACT

WinFACT is an industry-oriented software used to analyze, synthesize, and simulate conventional control systems as well as to manage FUZZY and neuro systems. In addition, WinFACT is used for process visualisation (SCADA). The software has a modular structure and allows real control circuits to be modelled. In the adjacent image depicting speed control of an electric machine, the simulated WinFACT control circuit works with a PID controller (red lines). Parallel to the simulated control circuit, there is a second, identically parameterised PID controller with Profi-CASSY as the interface. The actual machine set is connected to the Profi-CASSY (blue lines). The controlled quantities of actual and simulated controlled systems are plotted and printed together with the reference quantity (black lines).

Other technical or electronic control systems from this catalogue can also be modelled with the help of WinFACT. The better the real process is understood, the closer will be the correspondence between simulated and real results.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

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y->

GENERATORMOTORDrive

The LD Didactic scope of supply contains the following software packages for experimental control technology:

When the model for the control system is built correctly, the real experiment and the simulation produce the same control quantity curve (speed). In addition, for optimum control adjustment, deviation from the desired speed (blue curve) should be as low as possible in both cases.

SOFTWARE PACKAGES

WinFACT

Cat.no Description Contents

734 482 WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition BORIS 10 Blocks, time period

734 492 WinFACT7 LD Licence BORIS 100 Blocks, time period Fuzzy, Optimization

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Software

WinFACT / CASSY Lab 2

The COM3LAB/CASSY-Edition is a reduced, single-user license. It must be purchased separately for each workstation. Control circuits with a maximum of 10 block elements can be built using the COM3LAB/CASSY-Edition. Fuzzy and Optimisation are not included. The extensive package, WinFACT LD-Licence, allows concurrent use in up to 10 workstations. Apart from measurement, simulation, and representation in time domain, this licence contains a Fuzzy-Shell for building rule-based control circuits and optimisation modules. The LD Driver for COM3LAB and CASSY as well as the experimentation examples for WinFACT are included exclusively in both software packages.

CASSY Lab 2 CASSY Lab 2 is the operating and analysis software for interfaces of the CASSY family. With the aid of CASSY Lab 2, Profi-CASSY, which is commonly used in control technology, becomes a universal measurement and control instrument. The following functions can be implemented using CASSY Lab 2:

Activation and control of Profi-CASSY analogue outputs

Generation of transient, pulse, or ramp signals

Recording measured signals in time domains

Step response analysis

Export and further processing of measured values using external software.

UY

V

-10

-5

0

5

10

t / s

0 50 100

A

B

C

1

D

E

2

F

G

Follow-up control with CASSY Lab 2 speed control at set of machines 10 W.

SOFTWARE PACKAGE

CASSY Lab 2

Cat.-no Description Contents

524 220 CASSY Lab 2 Improved development of the successful CASSY Lab 2 software for recording and evaluating measurement data acquired using the CASSY family, with comprehensive integrated help functionality and many operable experiment examples Software.

Note: The software CASSY Lab 2 is included in the Starter Package. Example: in 524 016S2 Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB already included in the scope of supply.

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.2 Fuzzy Control

Air conditioners using Fuzzy control. Controlled systems can be heated electrically using halogen lamps and cooled by fans.

Topics

Conceptual Fuzzy controller design

Definition of Fuzzy Sets

Establishing linguistic rules

Linear and non-linear Fuzzy controllers

Fuzzy heating and climate control

Speed control using Fuzzy

Expert systems.

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Rule-based control algorithms Fuzzy describes a formula for controlling technical systems using almost no mathematics. The control strategy is defined in layman’s terms. Fuzzy control is particularly useful for systems with many controlled quantities and can be used with a variety of everyday devices, ranging from washing machines to digital cameras. Three examples are presented in this practical training:

Heating and climate

Speed Control

Position control

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

t ->

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

y -

>

Reference ValueInput from processFC

P-Fuzzy and PI-Fuzzy controllers are built for linear and non-linear controllers.

Curves for controlled quantity, control quantity, and reference quantity in a speed control system.


Fuzzy Control

Quantity Cat.-no. Description


1 734 111 Set of Machines 10 W

1 734 12 Temperature Control System


1 734 300 Listing Controlled System



1 734 492 Software: WinFACT7 LD Licence (English)


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LD Didactic T 8


Fuzzy Applications

Listing Controlled System Set of machines 10 W Temperature Control System Fuzzy is also used in automotive engineering. After speed changes, Drive by Wire technology transmits the desires of the driver to a Fuzzy controller.

Two-point control with Fuzzy

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

t

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

x

Regelgröße

StellgrößeTeilexperiment 1

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Inside a Fuzzy controller

The Fuzzy PI controller with Profi-CASSY interface is built using the BORIS WinFACT module.

MAX-MIN

Schwerpunkt

StaTemp

DynTemp

Boiler

Structure of the PI-Fuzzy controller: The input variables are the Fuzzy Sets StaTemp and DynTemp. Boiler is the output variable.

Boiler

StaticTempDynTemp

1

0

-1

1

-1

1

3D characteristic field of the Fuzzy climate control. Input and output quantities are plotted on the axes.

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

BoilerVerySmallSmallMediumBigVeryBig

The linguistic output variable, Boiler, contains the following Fuzzy Sets:

VerySmall

Small

Medium

Big

VeryBig

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines

Basic Set

Topics

Continuous, discontinuous and quasi-continuous control

Recording and analysing step responses

Feedback within transmission systems

Output quantities of an open-loop control

Control systems with start time and dead time

Testing responses to set point changes and disturbance reactions.

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines

Basic Set

The equipment allows experiments ranging from fundamental to university levels. Classic transfer elements of control technology are examined in the time domain. Digital controls for controller parameters along with time constants allow simple, user-friendly and precise device operation. Both continued and discontinued controller versions are available. The CASSY Interface allows computer assisted control and analysis. For university applications, additional simulation using WinFACT is recommended.

The front panels show the standard international block diagrams.


Control of Electronic Lines


1 734 011 Two Position Controller



1 734 0891 Dead Time Element

2 734 091 Digital Controlled System

1 734 0951 2nd Order Transfer Element



1 564 19EN Book: Control of Electronic Lines


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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer Elements

Supplementary Set

PI controller built from discrete function blocks

Topics

Manual adjustment of system parameters Kp, Ki, Kd

Measurement scales for instruments

Recording and analysing step responses

Modular PI and PID controller assembly

Quasi-continuous control of a 2nd order system.

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer elements

Supplementary Set

With this supplementary course, controller or control systems are comprised of basic electronic modules (P, I, D elements) as well as summation points. This offers greater flexibility in experiment design. Many experiments within Electronic controlled systems T 8.2.3 can be reproduced in detail using the modules. There are also additional interesting experiments, such as quasi-continuous control of 2nd order systems. Here, the discontinuous controller adopts a quasi-continuous controller response using feedbacks.

UAV

0

5

10

t / s

0 10 20

Step responses of different transfer

elements and controlled systems are recorded with CASSY Lab 2.

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.2.4 – SUPPLEMENTARY TO T 8.2.3

Modules and Transfer Elements


1 734 03 P Controller

1 734 04 Integral-Action Element

1 734 05 Derivative-Action Element

1 734 07 Summing point, 2 Inputs

1 734 08 Summing point, 5 Inputs


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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.5 Digital Control

Topics

Digital controller using Sample & Hold

Digital controller using WinFACT

Digital controller using CASSY Lab 2.

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.5 Digital Control

In contrast to electronic analogue controllers, digital controllers require programming. This can take place in a block-oriented way using WinFACT, or in the form of mathematical relationships using CASSY Lab 2. In both cases one has the advantage of adapting controller structure and parameters to the requirements of each individual process. Sampling control and digital software controllers are tested. Electronic control systems are used as controlled systems .

Controller: software Controlled system: electronic hardware


Digital Control


1 734 41 Sample and Hold Element


1 734 08 Summing Point, 5 Inputs




1 564 22EN Book: Digital Control


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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.6 Recording of Frequency Responses

Frequency responses in form of Bode diagrams and circle diagrams can be recorded with CASSY Lab 2 as well as with WinFACT. The experiment procedure is the same in both cases.

Topics

Measurement of Bode diagrams

Measurement of circle diagrams

Determining a system’s order

Simulation of technical control circuits.

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.6 Recording of Frequency Responses

The measurements show the Nyquist plot and Bode diagram of a PT2 element, both plotted using CASSY Lab 2. The PT2 element consists of two PT1 elements connected in series.

CASSY Lab 2 provides graphing tools to analyse amplitude response curves. It is possible, among other things, to determine the slope of the curve. For PT2 elements, this measuring function results in an attenuation increase of 40 dB per decade of frequency.

ATF

0,1

1

f / Hz

0,1 1 10


Recording of Frequency Responses







1 564 20EN Book: Recording of Frequency Responses


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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimisation

Topics

Controller settings for a controlled system with dead time

Stability testing of a 3rd order control system

Simulation of technical lines

Stability tests with Nyquist plots

Criteria for system optimisation

Controller optimisation according to integral criteria

Controller optimisation according to adjustment rules.

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimisation

Stability testing and control circuit optimisation are among the most important tasks of control technology. Their results determine the usability of the planned application’s control.

This equipment allows experiments for numerical optimisation of system parameters with the help of evolution strategies. Computer assisted optimisation is tested according to selectable quality criteria (e.g. ITAE, ISE, etc.).

x

V

-10

0

10

t / s

0 10 20 30 40 50

x

V

-10

0

10

Stability test of an electronically

simulated gas flow control. The integral controlled system is governed by a PI controller. Depen-ding on the selected control parameter, the closed loop control becomes unstable.


Stability and Optimisation


1 734 04 Integral-Action Element


1 734 08 Summing Point, 5 Inputs





1 734 492 Software: WinFACT LD Licence

1 564 21EN Book: Stability and Optimisation


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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.8 COM3LAB - Multimedia: Control Technology

Topics (selection)

Analysis of controlled systems and controllers

Controlled systems with or without compensation using high-order systems

Analogue / digital control

Quality criteria and adjustment rules

Temperature, Speed and Intensity Control

Systems with dead time using cascade control

Frequency response curves using Fuzzy control.

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LD Didactic T 8

T 8.2.8 COM3LAB - Multimedia: Control Technology

COM3LAB courses Control Technology I/II are multimedia courses with complete introductions to practical theory. Experiments are carried out in electronic as well as technical control systems (light, speed and temperature controlled systems). Analogue controllers and digital controllers are available. In course II, additional experiments are integrated for Nyquist plots, non-linear control and Fuzzy control. They are ideal courses for further understanding of the control technology world.

UAV

0

5

10

t / s

0 10 20

The subject can be prepared and completed through the COM3LAB courses Operational Amplifier (700 81) and Sensor Technology (700 84).

Step responses of different transfer elements and controlled systems are registered with a special transient-response plotter.

COM3LAB: organized lab, experiment-

tation almost without preparation.


COM3LAB-Multimedia: Control Technology


1 700 81 COM3LAB Course: Operational Amplifier

1 700 82 COM3LAB Course: Control Technology I

1 700 83 COM3LAB Course: Control Technology II

1 700 84 COM3LAB Course: Sensor Technology

1 700 00USB COM3LAB Master Unit


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LD Didactic T 8

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INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL

LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3 Industrial Process Control

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LD Didactic T 8.3


In the field of industrial control technology using commercial components, LD offers a variety of systems with practical features:

Compact assembly, also suitable for small labs.

Use of commercial components for training with real industrial devices.

Computer analysis for a complete reporting. Compressed air is an easy-to-handle energy source used for training purposes. This is why the industrial control technology from LD works partially with pneumatic components. Pneumatic control technology can be supplementally connected to an industrial controller, e.g. a PLC. In addition, the subject area contains courses pertaining to industrial compact controllers as well as the control of industrial driving machines.

Instrumentation in the industrial control technology can take place on an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic basis. Process-related or security-related reasons, e.g. due to explosion hazard, make it necessary the use of pneumatic devices in many production branches.

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LD Didactic T 8.3


Pressure measurement with CASSY Pneumatic devices include:

controller

servo units

measuring transducer

Sensor-CASSY and two pressure sensors S are used to measure

pressure. Analysis and reporting take place using the CASSY Lab 2 software.

Pneumatic components work in the standard pressure range from 0.2 bar to 1.0 bar with Live Zero Technology, widespread in industrial applications. This process corresponds with 0.2 bar = 0% and 1.0 bar = 100%. The auxiliary power supply has a standard value of 1.4 bar, equivalent to the voltage supply in electronic devices. A pressure energy line exists with 2 bar (E1) as the process energy flow.

Relationship between absolute and relative pressure using Live Zero.

The pneumatic valves of the following devices are provided with electronic controls for Sensor-CASSY, allowing simple experiment procedures. Thanks to this system, pressure jumps or load variations can be easily and precisely controlled by the computer.

Process control with CASSY

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LD Didactic T 8.3


Equipment Sets

Basics Pneumatic Control

T 8.3.1

Pneumatic Controllers

T 8.3.2

Extended Pneumatic Systems

T 8.3.3

Process with Industrial Control

T 8.3.4

Control with Compact Controllers

T 8.3.5

Control of an Industrial Machine 300 W

T 8.3.6

Heating Control

T 8.3.7

COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro-Pneumatics

T 8.3.8

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LD Didactic T 8.3


Equipment Sets T 8.3.1 Basics Pneumatic Control

Basic equipment for industrial pneumatic control technology: operation of the air supply station, pressure adjustments, as well as handling compressed-air hoses, compressors and other basic, fundamental components.

T 8.3.2 Pneumatic Controllers In addition to the complete control stations, controllers are also used as individual components and master control stations. Characteristics and curve families of different control blocks and master control stations are studied. T 8.3.3 Extended Pneumatic Systems This supplement to the basic T 8.3.1 Basic Pneumatic Control Technology course supports experiments for high-order pneumatic systems. T 8.3.4 Process with Industrial Control This supplement to the basic T 8.3.1 Basic Pneumatic Control Technology equipment connects the controller to real industrial processes. The requirements for the industrial controller (PLC) are addressed in this project. T 8.3.5 Control with compact Controllers The core of this equipment is the Siemens industrial controller SIPART DR 19. The controller is configured for real technical / electronic controlled systems as well as for virtual controlled systems. T 8.3.6 Control of an Industrial Machine 300 W Speed control using an industrial machine as a model. T 8.3.7 Heating Control Model construction of a bivalent heating system for a building with real hot water circuits and thermal solar panels. T 8.3.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Pneumatics / Electro Pneumatics These basic pneumatics and electro pneumatics courses impart knowledge about relay circuits and pneumatic valve control.

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.1 Basics Pneumatic Control

Computer assisted experimentation in a pressure-controlled system

Topics

Setup procedure for the control station

Venting and draining pneumatic devices

Setting the direction of action and operating the manual-automatic switch

Adjusting the operating point

Recording pressure jumps and curve families

Response to set point changes and disturbance reactions

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.1 Basics Pneumatic Control

Control system with air Two air supply stations provide outputs with 1.4 bar for the auxiliary line AUX and 2.0 bar for the process energy. A servo valve controls the air flow for the attached pressure controlled system (here: buffer storage tank). The valve position is controlled using the actuating pressure of the signal line. As the valve is closed when control pressure goes up, the direction of action

should be set to on the controller.

pX

bar

0

0,5

1

t / s

0 10 20

pW

bar

0

0,5

1

Step response when controlling

with a PI controller. The relative amplification is: XP = 100 %.

Training systems for pneumatic control technology are divided into one basic course and two follow-up courses.

pX

bar

0

0,5

1

t / s

0 10 20

pW

bar

0

0,5

1

Step response when controlling

with a PI controller. Relative amplification: XP = 5 %.


Basics Pneumatic Control


1 744 905 Filter-Air Pressure Supply Combination

1 744 912 Pressure Step Generator

1 744 941 Control Valve

1 744 942 Pressure Control System

1 744 943 Buffer Accumulator

1 744 963 P/PI Control Station

1 524 013SUSB CASSY 2 Starter USB

2 524 064 Pressure Sensor S, ± 2000 hPa

1 568 042 Book: Basics Pneumatic Control


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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.2 Pneumatic Controllers

Experiments using various pressure controllers

Topics

Experiments on transfer elements

Curve families of P, PD and PI elements

Recording step responses

Closed control circuit with delay element.

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.2 Pneumatic Controllers

In the chemical industry, applications exist which require higher demands on security, speed, or force adjustment, i.e., during tunnel construction, on drilling platforms, or in areas with high risk of explosion. These applications depend on non-electrical control systems with pneumatic or hydraulic instrumentation. Pneumatic instrumentation has the advantage of a readily available energy source (compressed air) for training purposes. That is why experiments that utilise pneumatic devices in teaching activities are easier to implement than, for example, hydraulic experiments.

py

%

0

50

100

px / %

0 50 100

Curve family of a P controller for

different relative amplifications XP/%.

In order to supply pneumatic components, one can rely on one’s own private compressed air installation. If necessary, the experiments can also be easily carried out using a compressor.


Pneumatic Controllers




1 744 913 3/2-Way Valve

1 744 951 Time Delay Element, Two-Fold

1 744 961 PID Controller

1 744 962 Supply Line Station


1 744 965 PD Control Station



1 568 162 Book: Pneumatic Controllers


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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.3 Extended Pneumatic Systems

Experiment setup for measuring step responses on 2nd order delay elements

Topics

Step responses of delay networks

Testing high-order controlled systems

Response to set point changes and disturbance reactions of pneumatic controlled systems

Using P and PI controllers in control circuits.

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.3 Extended Pneumatic Systems

Similar to electric control technology, high-order pneumatic systems are implemented here by the series connection of delay elements. Two preset pressures are switched within the controlled system with an electromagnetic 3/2 way valve through a pneumatic pressure jump transducer. Command of the pressure jump transducer and system pressure analysis are carried out using Sensor-CASSY and CASSY Lab 2.

py

%

0

50

100

t / s

0 50 100

Differenz: t = 28,62 s, py = 0,0 %

Differenz: t = 3,37 s, py = 0,0 %

Also in pneumatic control circuits, step responses supply important information about the dynamic and stationary system behaviour. CASSY instruments clearly show the standard signal 0% to 100% with life-zero scaling.

Step response and analysis for a 2nd order pneumatic system.

Experiments on pneumatic control technology teach necessary skills for handling flexible tubes, couplings, water separators, etc.


Extended Pneumatic Systems




1 744 941 Control Valve

1 744 942 Pressure Control System

1 744 951 Time Delay Element, Two-Fold

1 744 952 Isolation Amplifier




1 566 152 Book: Systems Extended Pneumatic Systems


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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.4 Process with Industrial Control

The pneumatic process improves pressure control using industrial pneumatic components, e.g., by integrating a PLC controller.

Topics

Preparing compressed air systems and cleaning water separators

Assembly and start-up procedures of pneumatic systems

PLC Programming

Linking PLC and pneumatic processes

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.4 Process with Industrial Control

This equipment works with real industrial components from the field:

Pneumatic control technology

PLC.

A novelty in practice-oriented training.

Industrial controller in the form of the Siemens LOGO!

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.3.4 – Supplementary Set to T 8.3.1

Process with Industrial Control


1 730 4011 LOGO! (24 V-Version with Transistor Outputs)

1 564 23EN Book: PLC Pneumatic Control and Industrial Compact Controller


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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.5 Control with Compact Controller

The SIPART Compact Controller works within an electronic controlled system.

Topics

Setup procedure for the SIPART DR19 control station

Integrating controllers in different control circuits.

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.5 Control with Compact Controller

Controllers for industrial applications should be robust and versatile in use. As a rule, their settings are rarely modified and carry out their functions over long periods of time. However, the requirements of didactic controllers that are used for training are entirely different. The settings of these controllers are frequently modified and usually work for a short time within the same processes.

The Compact Controller 734 431

contains the Siemens Industrial Controller Module SIPART DR 19.


Control with Compact Controller


1 734 431 Compact Controller


1 734 19 Gain and Offset Adjust

1 734 262 Liquid Controlled System

1 734 81 Differential Pressure Transducer

1 734 876 Immersion Tube

1 524 016S2 Profi-CASSY-Starter

1 564 23EN Book: PLC Pneumatic Control and Industrial Compact Controller


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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.6 Control of Industrial Machine 300 W

Topics

Use of manual-automatic switches

Preliminary manual adjustment of control circuits

Speed control

Recording step responses

Dimensioning controllers

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.6 Control of Industrial Machine 300 W

This equipment works with an industrial machine in motor-operation. In the experiment one is trained to handle the mains voltage.


Controlling a 300 W Industrial Machine




1 734 16 Manual/Automatic Switch

1 734 19 Gain and Offset Adjust

1 734 22 Actuator 115...230V/1KW

1 731 91 Shunt Wound Machine 0.3

1 731 09 Tachogenerator 0.1/0.3

1 524 016S2 Profi-CASSY-Starter

1 568 062 Book: Applied Process Control System I


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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.7 Heating Control

Training systems used to control heating and water service in buildings.

Topics

Security of electric resources

Carrying out electric connections in the basement boiler room

Measuring power

Equipotential bonding

Regenerative energy sources

Measuring heating characteristic curves

Adjusting heating controllers.

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.7 Heating Control

Using heating circulation pumps and real water circuits. Radiators with Peltier elements can be actively heated up and cooled down, producing actual temperature measurements in time-lapse analyses. Heating buildings using solar-assisted technology to heat service water.

Circulation pump for heating circuit.

Training profiles:

Plant mechanic for sanitary, heating, and air conditioning systems

Electronic technician for automation technology

Industrial electrician specialising in devices and systems.

Radiator with temperature selector

Bypass with flow meter


Heating Control


1 734 800 Heater Control


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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro Pneumatics

Space-saving multimedia training systems can also be used as alternatives to extensive test stands and experiment boards. Combining the COM3LAB Electro Pneumatics Course and the Pneumatics Board results in an improved experiment setup, with low space requirement while still advancing further into pneumatics.

Topics

Fundamentals of Pneumatics / Electro pneumatics

Pneumatic and electric circuit diagrams

Master control with single-acting cylinder

Master control with double-acting cylinder

L network controller

Basic circuits with AND/OR operations

Basic network with electric self-holding circuits

Path-dependent controller

Time-dependent and pressure-dependent controllers, pull-in and drop-out delayed

Sequence controllers.

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LD Didactic T 8.3

T 8.3.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro Pneumatics

The COM3LAB course Electro Pneumatics imparts basic knowledge of pneumatics and electro pneumatics. The operation principles of pneumatic and electric circuits are graphically presented with the help didactical standard exercises. The COM3LAB Board is combined with an Industrial Valve Technology Board, or a COM3LAB Pneumatic Board, for experimentation. The course contains the following components:

Relay, 4 change-over contacts

Timing relay (pull-in and drop-out delayed)

P/E converter

Pressure sensor 0 - 10 bar

Operation and observation elements

24 V voltage supply. The COM3LAB course Pneumatics Board (700 351) is a supplement to the COM3LAB Electro Pneumatics Course. The Pneumatics Board is directly connected to the COM3LAB Electro Pneumatics Course, which monitors the status of components through the cylinder’s integrated displacement sensor. Components:

Single-acting cylinder, spring recoverable with capacitive limit switch

Double-acting cylinder with displacement sensor and cylinder switch

Throttle check valves

5/2 way valves electrically operated, spring recoverable

5/2 way valves electrically operated, pulse valve Central closing valve for pressure supply

Displacement sensor for the double-acting cylinder.

UAV

0

5

10

t / s

0 10 20


COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro Pneumatics


1 700 00 USB Master Unit

1 700 35 COM3LAB Course: Electro Pneumatics

1 700 351 COM3LAB Course: Pneumatics Board

1 Compressor


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LD Didactic T 8.2

Equipment Sets T 8.1

Cat.-no. Description 8.1

.1.1

8.1

.2.1

8.1

.2.2

8.1

.2.3

8.1

.3

311 87 Dial Gauge 1

700 11 C3L-Course: DC Technology I 1

700 12 C3L-Course: DC Technology II 1

700 13 C3L- Course: AC Technology I 1

700 14 C3L- Course: AC Technology II 1

700 84 C3L- Course: Sensor Techno. 1

727 41 Measurement Value Indicator (1) (1)

727 549N Basic Set T 6.1.11

727 66 DC Bridge Amplifier 1 1

734 02 Reference Variable Generator 1

734 13 Power Amplifier 1

743 301 Standard Kit Sensors 1

734 302 Extension Kit Sensors 1

734 303 Case Test Samples 1

734 304 Teachware Sensoric 1

734 38 Oven Model 20 V, 20 W 1

734 55 Strain Gauge Transducer 1

734 56 Tensile Test Bar 1

734 565 Torsion Bar 1

734 74 NiCr-Ni Thermoelement 1

734 75 Thermocouple Connection 1

734 76 Pt-100 Resistance Probe. 1

734 77 NTC Temperature Probe 1

(): Recommended

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LD Didactic T 8.2



.1.1

8.1

.2.1

8.1

.2.2

8.1

.2.3

8.1

.3

Accessories

315 36 Set of 7 Weights, 0.1 to 2 kg 1

500 98 6 Safety Adapter Sockets, black 1

501 48 Set of 10 Bridging Plugs 2

501 511 Set of 10 Bridging Plugs 2 3

501 512 Set of 10 Bridging Plugs with Tap

1 1

501 532 Set of 30 Connecting Leads 1 1 1

524 013SUSB CASSY 2 Starter USB 1 1 1

562 793NA Power Supply 6 - 24 V 1

577 32 Resistor 100 , 2 W 3

577 38 Resistor 330 , 2 W 3

577 60 Resistor 22 , 0.5 W 1

577 64 Resistor 47 , 0.5 W 1

577 657 Resistor 68 , 0.5 W 1

577 68 Resistor 100 , 0.5 W 1

577 71 Resistor 220 , 0.5 W 1

577 97 Resistance Decade 1

664 121 Beaker 1

700 00USB Master Unit 1

700 00CBTDE COM3LAB Software German 1

726 09 Panel Frame T 130 1 1

726 50 Plug-In Board 997 x 300 1

726 86 Stab. Power Supply 15 V / 3 A 1 1

726 88 AC/DC Stabilizer 1

726 961 Function Generator 200 kHz 1

Literature

565 851 Electronic Meas.Device Circuits 1

568 271 Force Meas. with Strain Gauge 1

568 301 Temperature Measurement 1

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LD Didactic T 8.2



.1.1

8.2

.1.2

8.2

.1.3

8.2

.1.4

8.2

.1.5

8.2

.1.6

8.2

.1.7

8.2

.2

8.2

.3

8.2

.4

8.2

.5

8.2

.6

8.2

.7

8.2

.8

666 630 Blower 1

666 633 Thermal Anemometer 1

666 632 Windmill Type Anemometer 1

700 81 C3L: Operational amplifier 1

700 82 C3L: Control Technology I 1

700 83 C3L: Control Technology II 1

700 84 C3L: Sensor Technology 1

734 011 Two-Position Controller 1 1

734 02 Reference Variable Generator 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

734 03 P Controller 1

734 04 I Element 1 1

734 05 D Element 1

734 064 PID Digital Controller 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

734 07 Summing Point, 2 Inputs 1

734 08 Summing Point, 5 Inputs 1 1 1

734 0891 Dead Time Element 1 1 1

734 091 Digital Controlled System 2 1 2 2

734 0951 2nd Order Transfer Element 1 1 1

734 111 Set of Machines 10 W 1 1

734 12 Temperature Controlled System 1 1

734 13 Power Amplifier 2 2

734 262 Liquid Controlled System 1 1

734 264 Additional Reservoir (1)

734 300 Listing Controlled System 1 1

734 311 Light Controlled System 1

734 41 Sample and Hold Element 1

734 481 WinFACT C3L / CASSY Edition (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 1 (1)

734 491 WinFACT LD Licence 1 1

734 81 Diff. Pressure Transducer 1

734 861 Capacitive Bar-Type Probe (1)

734 876 Immersion Tube 1

734 881 Level Switch with Float (1)

734 89 Capacitive Level Switch (1)

(): recommended

of 94 T 8.2


LD Didactic T 8.2



.1.1

8.2

.1.2

8.2

.1.3

8.2

.1.4

8.2

.1.5

8.2

.1.6

8.2

.1.7

8.2

.2

8.2

.3

8.2

.4

8.2

.5

8.2

.6

8.2

.7

8.2

.8

Accessories

510 48 Pair of Magnets 1 1

501 511 10 Bridging Plugs, black 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3

501 512 10 Bridging Plugs with Tap 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

501 532 30 Connection Leads, 1 mm² 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

524 016S2 Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

700 00CBTEN C3L-Software English 1

700 00USB C3L Master Unit (USB) 1

726 09 Panel Frame, T130, Two Levels 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

726 86 Stab. Power Supply +/-15V/3 A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Literature

564 19EN Control of Electronic Systems 1 1

564 20EN Measurement of Frequency Responses

1

564 21EN Stability & Optimisation 1

564 22EN Digital Controllers 1

564 24EN Control of Technical Systems 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

568 222 Fundamentals of Automatic Control Technology II, Vol. 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

568 232 Fundamentals of Automatic Control Technology II, Vol. 1

1 1

568 342 Flow Measuring of Gases 1

of 94 T 8.2


LD Didactic T 8.2



.1

8.3

.2

8.3

.3

8.3

.4

8.3

.5

8.3

.6

8.3

.7

8.3

.8

700 35 C3L: Electro Pneumatics 1

700 351 C3L: Pneumatics Board 1

730 4031 LOGO! 1

731 91 Shunt Wound Machine 0.3 1

734 02 Reference Variable Generator 1

734 064 PID Digital Controller 1

734 091 Digital Controlled System 1

734 16 Manual / Automatic Switch 1

734 19 Gain and Offset Adjust 1 1

734 22 Actuator 115...230 V / 1 KW 1

734 262 Liquid Controlled System 1

734 81 Diff.l Pressure Transducer 1

734 800 Heater Control 1

734 876 Immersion Tube 1

734 431 Compact Controller 1

744 912 Pressure Step Controller 1 1 1

744 913 3/2 Way Valve 1

744 941 Servo Valve 1 1

744942 Pressure Control System 1 1

744 943 Buffer Accumulator 1

744 951 Time Delay Element, two Fold 1 1

744 952 Isolation Amplifier 1

744 961 PID Controller 1

744 962 Supply Line Station 1

744 963 P/PI Control Station 1 1 1

744 965 PD Control Station 1

of 94 T 8.2


LD Didactic T 8.2



.1

83.2

83.3

83.4

8.3

.5

83.6

83.7

8.3

.8

Accessories

524 016S2USB CASSY 2 Starter USB 1 1 1 1 1

524 064 Pressure sensor S, 2000 hPa 2 2 2

531 583 Multimeter METRAport 40S 3

700 00USB Master Unit 1

700 00CBTEN COM3LAB Software English 1

725 25 Panel Frame VT150, 3 Levels 1 1 1

726 09 Panel Frame T130, 2 Levels 1 1

726 86 Power Supply 15V / 3A 1 1

731 09 Tachogenerator 0.1/0.3 1

731 06 Coupling 0.1/0.3 1

731 08 Coupling Guard 0.1/0.3 1

731 07 Shaft End Guard 0.1/0.3 2

744 900 Compressor Type V01-10 1 1 1 1

744 902 Compressor Connection Hosing 1 1 1 1

744 905 Filter / Pressure Supply Comb. 1 1 1

744 906 Pneumatic Hose Couplers 1 1 1

500 59 Set of 10 Safety Bridging Plugs 1

500 611 Safety Conn. Lead, 25 cm, red 6

500 611 Safety Conn. Lead, 25 cm, red 6

500 612 Safety Conn. Lead, 25 cm, blue 6

500 641 Safety Conn. Lead, 1 m, red 6

500 6421 Safety Conn. Lead, 1 m, blue 6

501 511 10 Bridging Plugs, black 1 1 1 3 2

501 512 10 Bridging Plugs with Tap 1 1

501 532 30 Connection Leads, 1 mm² 1 1

Literature

568 042 Fund. of Pneumatic Control 1

568 162 Pneumatic Controller 1

568 152 Extended Pneumatic Systems 1

564 23EN Process with Industrial Control 1 1

568 062 Applied Control Technology 1

of 94 T 8.2


LD Didactic T 8.2

Keywords

2

2nd order system, 8

3

3D characteristic field, 52

A

Amplitude response, 60 Anemometer, 40 Attenuation, 60 Automation, 3 Auxiliary power supply, 68

B

Block diagrams, 54 Bode diagram, 59 Buffer storage tank, 72

C

Circle diagram, 59 Closed loop mode, 36 Compact controllers, industrial, 67 Compressor, 70 Control algorithms, 50 Control system parameter, manual adjustment, 55 Control systems with dead time, 53 Control systems with start time, 53 Control technology, industrial, 67 Control technology, multimedia course, 64 Control, continuous, 53 Control, discontinuous, 53 Control, quasi-continuous, 53 Controlled systems, 58 Controller parameters, 54 Controller, digital, 57 Curve families, 73 Cylinder, double-acting, 85

D

Delay network, 75 Differential pressure sensor, 37 Direction of action, 71 Displaying processes, 33 Disturbance reaction, 34, 42, 71

E

Electro pneumatics, 85, 86 Energy sources, regenerative, 83 Equipotential bonding, 83 Evolution strategy, 62

of 94 T 8.2


LD Didactic T 8.2

F

Feedback, 53 Flow, 35 Fluid controlled systems, 35 Follow-up control, 48 Frequency response, 59 Fuzzy control, 49, 50 Fuzzy set, 52

H

Heating characteristic curve, 83 Heating circulation pump, 84 Heating controller, 83 Heating of buildings, 84 Heating of service water, 84

I

Immersion pipe, 37 Incremental transducer, 7 Industrial valve technology, 86 Integral criteria, 61 ITAE, 62

L

Level, 35 Light controlled systems, 41 Linguistic output variable, 52 Linguistic rules, 49 Live Zero, 68

M

Master control, 85 Master control station, 70 Measuring instrument, scale, 55 Multimedia, 26

O

On-off controllers with delayed feedback, 23 Open loop mode, 36 Open-loop control, 53 Optimisation, numerical, 62

P

Parameter, 7 Peltier elements, 84 PLC controller, 77 Plotter, 47 Pneumatics, 85 Position control, 45 Pressure jumps, 68 Pressure sensor, 86 Process control, 68

of 94 T 8.2


LD Didactic T 8.2

Process visualisation, 47 PROFIBUS interfaces, 10 Profi-CASSY, 10, 47 Programming, block oriented, 58 Programming, with mathematical relationships, 58 PT1 element, 60 PT2 element, 60

Q

Quality criteria, 62

R

Response speed, 32 Response to setpoint changes, 42, 71

S

Sample & Hold, 57 Sampling element, 57 SCADA, 33 Sequence controllers, 85 Servo valve, 72 Signal line, 72 Simulation, 54 Simulation of technical control circuits, 59 SIPART DR 19, 70 Slope, 60 Software controllers, 58 Step response, 35, 53 Summation points, 56 System optimisation, 61 System order, determination, 59

T

Temperature sensor, 34 Thermal cross, 40 Thermosensor, 40 Throttle check valves, 86 Time constants, 32, 54 Transfer elements, classic, 54

V

Valve, pneumatic, 68

W

Water separator, 77 WinFACT, 47

PHYSICS

1345

002-

T8

Mea

sure

men

t an

d Co

ntro

l Tec

hnol

ogy–

22.

12

LD DIDACTIC GMbHLeyboldstraße 1D- 50354 HürthTel.: +49(0)2233- 604-0Fax: +49(0)2233- 604-222E-Mail: [email protected]

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