meerkat & mightee - lorentz center€¦ · meerkat & mightee kurt van der heyden (uct) and...
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MeerKAT & MIGHTEEKurt van der Heyden (UCT)
and the SKA-SA/KAT & MIGHTEE teams
Monday 21 February 2011
Outline
• MeerKAT overview• MIGHTEE overview• KAT-7 status & The (new) MeerKAT
design
Monday 21 February 2011
THE SKA IN AFRICAA major component of the SKA telescope will be an extensive array of approximately 3 000 antennas. Half of these will be concentrated in a 5 km diameter centralregion, and the rest will be distributed out to 3 000 kmfrom this central concentration. South Africa’s bid proposes that the core of the telescope be located in an arid area of the Northern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa, with about three antenna stations in Namibia, four in Botswana and one each inMozambique, Mauritius, Madagascar, Kenya and Zambia.Each antenna station will consist of about 30 individualantennas.
These antennas will all be connected via a data communications network to a very large and powerfuldata processing facility on the core SKA site in theNorthern Cape Province. The combined collecting areaof all these antennas will add up to one square kilometre.The telescope will be operated and monitored remotely from Cape Town, where the operations and science centre will be located.
The SKA will be one of the largest scientific research facilities in the world and will consolidate Southern Africaas a major hub for astronomy in the world. It will attractthe best scientists and engineers to work in Africa andwill provide unrivalled opportunities for scientists and engineers from African countries to engage with trans-formational science and cutting edge instrumentation andto collaborate in joint projects with the most renowneduniversities and research institutions in the world.
Hosting the SKA would be a major accomplishment for the Astronomy Geographic Advantage Programme(AGAP), an initiative by the South African government toestablish a hub of world-class astronomy facilities inSouthern Africa. Other major astronomy facilities in theregion include the Southern African Large Telescope(SALT) in the Karoo, and the HESS gamma ray telescopein Namibia.
What is MeerKAT?
• Countries shortlisted to host the SKA: South Africa and Australia
• Both countries are building Pathfinders
• South Africa’s Pathfinder is called MeerKAT and will be located in the Karoo desert
Candidate South African SKA site (along with some locals)
Monday 21 February 2011
MeerKAT• 64 dishes
• 13.5m diameter
• Single pixel receivers
• Tsys = 30 K
• Located in the Karoo
• Observations by 2015/6
Monday 21 February 2011
MeerKAT• 64 dishes
• 13.5m diameter
• Single pixel receivers
• Tsys = 30 K
• Located in the Karoo
• Observations by 2015/6
KAT-7• 7 dishes • 12m diameter• Single pixel receivers• Tsys = 35 K• Science/Engineering
prototype• Under construction now
Monday 21 February 2011
KAT
• South Africa’s SKA Pathfinder is called MeerKAT
What is MeerKAT?
Meer KAT
Monday 21 February 2011
KAT
• South Africa’s SKA Pathfinder is called MeerKAT
What is MeerKAT?
Meer KAT
MeerKAT
Monday 21 February 2011
Karoo Radio Astronomy Reserve
• The Karoo site is a multi-facility site• Facilities provided for ‘outside’ experiments• Currently:
• C-BASS• PAPER
Monday 21 February 2011
Site Complex – new buildings
Dish shed extension
Pedestal integration building
Array processor building (bunkered)
Power facility (bunkered)
Monday 21 February 2011
1 km
8 km diameter
5 km diameter1 km
shortest baseline 20mlongest baseline of central array 8 km
Monday 21 February 2011
• central Gaussian core:
• dispersion 300 m, max baseline ~1 km
• Gaussian outer component:
• dispersion 2.5 km, max baseline ~8 km
• Both components random 2D
MeerKAT Array Configuration
Monday 21 February 2011
9
Meysdam
Losberg
RFI Measurement
Site
Central Site
Facility
KAT-7
MeerKAT Core
one of the SKA cores (5 km diameter)
Monday 21 February 2011
• Aim for ~constant point source sensitivity over resolution range
• No “natural” resolution, use weighting/tapering to control beam size
Array Configuration
Monday 21 February 2011
15m
2h
Setting 6
deg-50 0 50
deg
-5
00
50
hours-6 -4 -2 0 2 4
GH
z1
.21
.41
.61
.8
80 antenna layout
deg20.94 20.95 20.96 20.97 20.98 20.99 21 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07
deg
-3
1.1
2-3
1.1
1-3
1.1
-3
1.0
9-3
1.0
8-3
1.0
7
Instruction 4
Ideal UV
km-5 0 5
km
0
%5
0
Ideal PSF
PSF residual
Performance
km-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
km
-8
-6
-4
-2
02
46
8
Natural UV coverageNatural UV coverage
baseline ubaseline ubaseline v
baseline v
Setting 6
deg-50 0 50
deg
-50
050
hours-6 -4 -2 0 2 4
GHz
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
80 antenna layout
deg20.94 20.95 20.96 20.97 20.98 20.99 21 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07
deg
-31.12
-31.11
-31.1
-31.09
-31.08
-31.07
Instruction 4
Ideal UV
Ideal PSF
arcsec-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
arcsec
-20
0
%0
50
PSF residual
Performance
arcsec-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
arcsec
-80
-60
-40
-20
020
40
60
Dirty beamDirty beam
RARADEC
DEC
Setting 5
deg-50 0 50
deg
-50
050
hours-6 -4 -2 0 2
GHz
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
80 antenna layout
deg20.94 20.95 20.96 20.97 20.98 20.99 21 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07
deg
-31.12
-31.11
-31.1
-31.09
-31.08
-31.07
Instruction 4
Ideal UV
Ideal PSF
arcsec-100 -50 0 50
arcsec
-50
0
%0
50
PSF residual
Performance
arcsec-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
arcsec
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
020
40
60
Dirty beamDirty beam
RARADEC
DEC
Setting 5
deg-50 0 50
deg
-5
00
50
hours-6 -4 -2 0 2
GH
z1
.21
.41
.61
.8
80 antenna layout
deg20.94 20.95 20.96 20.97 20.98 20.99 21 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07
deg
-3
1.1
2-3
1.1
1-3
1.1
-3
1.0
9-3
1.0
8-3
1.0
7
Instruction 4
Ideal UV
km-5 0 5
km
0
%5
0
Ideal PSF
PSF residual
Performance
km-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
km
-8
-6
-4
-2
02
46
8
Natural UV coverageNatural UV coverage
baseline ubaseline ubaseline v
baseline v
uv distributions + dirty beamsfor δ = -30°
Monday 21 February 2011
Poin
t sou
rce
sens
itivi
ty Sensitivities other telescopesaccording to their exposure
calculators
MeerKAT
Monday 21 February 2011
Poin
t sou
rce
sens
itivi
ty Sensitivities other telescopesaccording to their exposure
calculators
MeerKAT
Monday 21 February 2011
Poin
t sou
rce
sens
itivi
ty Sensitivities other telescopesaccording to their exposure
calculators
MeerKAT
Monday 21 February 2011
Poin
t sou
rce
sens
itivi
ty Sensitivities other telescopesaccording to their exposure
calculators
MeerKAT
Monday 21 February 2011
Poin
t sou
rce
sens
itivi
ty Sensitivities other telescopesaccording to their exposure
calculators
MeerKAT
Monday 21 February 2011
Colu
mn
dens
ity s
ensi
tivity
Sensitivities other telescopesaccording to their exposure
calculators
MeerKAT
Monday 21 February 2011
Call for Large Proposals
•Observing time split between the Key Projects (~75%) and “normal” proposals (~25%)
•Open access
•Call for Key Project proposals : 15 March 2010
•TAC 21-22 September 2010
•Key Project teams expected to contribute to pipelines, simulations etc
Monday 21 February 2011
MeerKAT Key Science Projects
Priority 1:
• Radio pulsar timing (PI: Bailes)➡~7900 hrs
• Deep HI field ‘LADUMA’ (PI: Blythe, Holwerda, Baker)➡~5000 hrs
Monday 21 February 2011
MeerKAT Key Science Projects
Priority 2:• MESMER (PI: Heywood)
• MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (PI: Gupta, Srianand) • MHONGOOSE (PI: de Block)
• TRAPUM (PI: Stappers & Kramer)
• A MeerKAT HI Survey of Fornax (PI: Serra)
• MeerGAL (PI: Thompson & Goedhart)
• MIGHTEE (PI: Van der Heyden & Jarvis)
• ThunderKAT (PI: Woudt & Fender)
Monday 21 February 2011
MeerKAT Key Science Projects
Of further importance:• VLBI with MeerKAT (PI: Bietenholz)
• SETI• NASA: deep space probes
… as well as 25% time for PI proposals (probably after early science stage)
Monday 21 February 2011
Continuum Proposal MeerKAT International GigaHertz Tiered Exploration
(MIGHTEE) Survey
Co-Pi’s K. vd Heyden & M. Jarvis
Monday 21 February 2011
Tier-1: 1000 square degrees to 5µJy (rms) ; possible fields VISTA-VIKING and KIDS fields. large-scale structure of the Universe at z ~1; Possibly combine UV data with EMU. Time estimate: 1250 hours
Tier-2: 35 square degrees to 1µJy (rms); possible fields Elais-S1 (0037-43), XMMLSS (0218-05), ECDFS (0332-27) and COSMOS (1000+02). sensitive to starbursts of 100 M yr−1 at z ~4 and SCUBA-type galaxies with > 500 M yr−1 up to z > 7. Time estimate: 1050 hours
Tier-3: A single pointing to 0.1µJy (rms), possibly over Chandra-Deep-Field South - push the telescope to its limit and studies of star-formation and AGN activity to levels
Continuum Proposal
Tier-4: 0.25 square degrees @ 12 GHz to 1µJy (rms), Study AGN/Starburst morphology
Tier-5: 0.01 square degrees @ 12 GHz to 0.2µJy (rms), Study AGN/Starburst morphology
Monday 21 February 2011
Sensitivity
MIGHTEE T1/WODAN
MIGHTEE T2
MIGHTEE T3
WODAN
I Prandoni via R Norris
Monday 21 February 2011
AGN & EOR
•Relationship between AGN & Star Formation activity in galaxies
•Evolution of low power AGN
•AGN feedback in galaxy evolution
•Finding high redshift radio sources - SKA follow-up 21cm forest to study EOR
Monday 21 February 2011
Cosmology & LSS
•Clustering properties of radio galaxies - how are these related to the underlying DM distribution•Evolution of clustering with redshift
•Weak lensing: leap in survey area - generate DM maps from the radio
Monday 21 February 2011
Galaxy Clusters
•Detection of Clusters (1000’s)
•Non-thermal components of Clusters - how do they relate to merger activity
•How do non-thermal components affect the thermodynamical evolution and mass of clusters
Monday 21 February 2011
Survey Summary
Tier 1 - Not competitive with ASKAP EMUTier 4 - inadequate resolution to seperate AGN & SBGTier 3 - obtained in parallel with the deep HI surveyTier 5 - obtained in parallel with MESMER
Monday 21 February 2011
KAT-7 status
On site:• 7 Antennas • 3 cold receivers• 2 warm receivers• 4-element correlator (“FringeFinder”)• 16-element correlator (“KAT-7”)
Monday 21 February 2011
March 2010
Start commissioning:• one scientist on site per week (Mon up, Fri
back; now Wed – Wed)
• plus software support (now CT based)
• plus technical support (Karoo-based from Mar 2011)
Continued engineering and software work
Monday 21 February 2011
Commissioning tasks
• Tipping curves• Beam map• Pointing model• Gain curve• Stability test• …
Monday 21 February 2011
Results (warm receivers)Ant 1
HH
Ant2
VV
Ant 2
HH
Ant2
VV
Ant 3
HHAnt 3 VV
Ant 4
HHAnt 4 VV
Aperture efficiency 54.9% 59.8% 63.4% 63.5% 54.1% 58.7% 46.7% 47.0%
stdev 5.1 4.5 5.5 5.5 6.0 4.4 4.3 3.4
T_sys 74.7 K 80.5 K 77.7 K 76.7 K 74.7 K 80.5 K 74.6 K 72.3 K
stdev 3.6 3.5 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 7.4 6.8
All-sky pointing rms
0.’760.’76 0.’760.’76 0.’790.’79 0.’910.’91
Monday 21 February 2011
Single dish VLBI
Dec 2010: fringes with HartRAO• 3C 273
This year: fringes with ASKAPMonday 21 February 2011
Outlook
Cold receivers• Mid Feb on Ant’s 2 & 7• Investigation on some sensor problems• Final installations on Ant’s 1 & 4 in May
KAT-7 correlator (4-bit, 16-element)• Currently tested (stopped fringes), ready end Feb• Spectral line mode ready in June
Monday 21 February 2011
Dish design• Gregorian offset• 13.5m equivalent diameter• Elevation limit ~15°
Monday 21 February 2011
MeerKAT design• Frequency bands:
• 580 – 1750 MHz (goal 3000 MHz) • 1000 – 1750 MHz (Phase 1)
• 580 – 1010 MHz (Phase 2)
• 8 – 14 GHz (Phase 2)
• 220 m2/K at 1.4 GHz
• Dynamic range at 1.4 GHz (after self-calibration):• Continuum (peak-to-rms): 106 : 1
• Line-to-continuum: 106 : 1
• Line-to-line: 104 : 1
• Spectral line resolution:• 0.5 km/s – 10 km/s depending on BW
Monday 21 February 2011
MeerKAT time line
• Design phase: 2011 - 2013• Antenna prototype: 2013• Testing ~6 months• Construction for A2-20: 2013-2014• Construction for A21-64: 2014-2016• Commissioning in parallel• First science with first subarray: 2015
Monday 21 February 2011
• 64 antennas• Baselines: ~30m - ~8000m• Longer baselines (‘spur’): currently not budgeted for• Large single dish (to cover zero baselines): not currently planned but future upgrade/ connectivity possible
MeerKAT layout
Monday 21 February 2011