memory presentation universal

7/27/2019 Memory Presentation Universal

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Confidence, Trust & Hope

Confidence : once all villagers decided to pray forrain. In the day of praying all prayers gathered & only

one boy came with umbrella, that is the confidence

Trust :Trust should be like feeling of a one year oldbaby. when you throw him in air, he laughs, Because he

knows you will catch him.

Hope : Every night you go to bed, have no assurance toget up alive in the next morning but still you have plans

and hopes for the coming day.

Keep confidence , Trust in God & never lose Hopes .

GOOD MORNING TO ALL OF YOU


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MEMORY

According to Sdorow (1995) "memory is

the process by which information is

acquired, stored in brain & later retrieved".

Memory is an organism's ability to store,

retain, and recall information.


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Memory Process (or Memorization

process)

Encoding: The process through whichinformation is converted into a form thatcan be entered into memory.

Effortful/Automatic

Storage: Retaining in the memory system

for longer duration.

Retrieval: process of bringing storedinformation into consciousness.


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Memory Systems

Senso ry memory (or immediate

memory) :

Shor t term memory:

Long term memory:


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Memory systems

Sensory memory:

very brief period of time 2-5 seconds

Storage capacity high

storage period ranges from fraction of second

to 4 seconds

Information loss mainly due to decay of

information.Different sensory organ: Different register


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Short term memory

stores limited amount of information for limited

period of time

can store information from 20 to 30 seconds

Storage capacity of this memory is 7 2 chunks(or unit) of information at time

Loss of information mainly due to decay of

information and displacement of olderinformation by new information.


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Long term memory

Long term memory is the permanent

storehouse (Relatively permanent)

can store practically unlimited amount of

information

forgetting from long term :Inhibition of

information, Trace decay, Repression,

memory dysfunctions (Like amnesia,

dementia, fugue)


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Atkinson & shiffrin model

Attention

and

Recognition

Sensory

MemorySTM

LTMSensory

input

Rehearsal


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DOSTI NAHI HONI CHAHIYA RAYMONDJAISI ... SINCE 1925 ,

PEPSI JAISI BHI NAHIN , KI YE DILMAANGE MORE...

YE HONI CHAHIYA L.I.C. JAISI ,JINDAGI KE SAATH BHI , JINDAGI KEBAAD BHI....

BE GOOD FRIENDS


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Forgetting

apparent loss of information already

encoded and stored in long term memory

information Not encoded in LTM not

eligible for forgetting


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Ebbinghaus curve Forgetting


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Causes of Forgetting

Inhibition (or interference)

Repression

Trace decay

Retrieval problem


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Interference

tendency of new memories to impair the

retrieval of older memories and vice versa

Types:

1. Proactive Interference: older memories

interfere with the retrieval of newer

informationLearns task A Learns task BRetention intervalMeasure of Recall

of B


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Causes of Forgetting Contd.

2.Retroactive Interference:

new memories interfere with the retrieval of

older memories

Learns task A Learns task B Retention interval Measure of Recall A


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Causes of Forgetting Contd..

Retr ieval Prob lem :Without appropriate

retrieval cues we can't find to be retrieved

information

Associating is better than parroting


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Causes of Forgetting Contd.

Repression (Mot ivated forgett ing)

:tendency to have difficulty retrieving

anxiety arousing or threatening information

Trace decay :due to the decay of memory

traces With the passage of time through

disuse, these memory traces of learning

impressions get weaker and weaker andfinally fade away


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REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD

NOT DRINK


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Memory Disorder

Pathological Forgetting

Forgetting that can not be described by

normal forgetfulness

Amnesia: part ial or complete loss of

memory

Due to psychological or biological reasonAnterograde and Retrograde


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Fugue

Apart from being amnesic, patient

generally wanders away from his or her

familiar surrounding

Sudden onset

Forgets everything of his previous

sorrounding

After sometime forgets everything of new

situation (Fugue state)


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Dementia: Characteristic of old age

Impairment or loss of memory, especially

evident in the learning of new information,

and of thinking, language, judgment and

other cognitive abilities

Dementia of Alzheimers type


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Contemporary Approaches to memory

Working memory module: Active memory

system

All mental activities are carried out in this

memory

Baddeley in 1992 Model of Working memory


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working memory carries out its action by

help of three major parts i.e. phonological

loop, visuospatial sketch pad and central

executive

Phonological loop processes information

relating to the sound of words.


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Visuospatial sketch pad processes visual

and spatial information (i.e. information

about the visual appearance of objects,

such as color and shape and where theyare located in space)

Central executive supervises and

coordinates the other two components.


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Long term memory Module

Declarative memory (or explicitmemory) :Declarative memory is the typeof memory system that contains memories

of factsTypes: Semantic and Episodic

Semantic:the memory of meanings,

understandings, and other concept-based knowledge unrelated to specificexperiences


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Long term memory module

Episodic memory: stores personal

information & life experiences

Procedu ral memory (or impl ic i t

memory): that stores the information that

we cant readily express verbally


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Improving memory

Mnemonics: Mnemonics are special

memory improving techniques

Method of Loci :to be remembered things

are associated with some familiar places

or location

Story telling method:


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Acronym method:

Memory enhancing foods : Vitamin B, C

Over learn ing

Number peg method

good sleep habi ts


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Principles of better memory

Association:

Confidence in memory:

Concentration:

Exaggeration

Sex:

Oddities:


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MORAL OF STORY ????

Once upon a time, there was a software

engineer who used to develop programs

on his Pentium machine, sitting under a

tree on the banks of a river. He used toearn his bread by selling those programs

in the Sunday market.


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One day, while he was working, his

machine tumbled off the table and fell in

the river. Encouraged by the Panchatantra

story of his childhood (the woodcutter andthe axe ), He started praying to the River

Goddess.


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Encouraged by the Panchatantra story of hischildhood (the woodcutter and the axe ), Hestarted praying to the River Goddess.

The River Goddess wanted to test him and soappeared only after one month of rigorous

prayers. The engineer told her that he had lost hiscomputer in the river.

As usual, the Goddess wanted to test his honesty.

She showed him a match box and asked, " Is thisyour computer ?" Disappointed by the Goddess'lack of computer awareness, the engineer replied," No."


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She next showed him a pocket-sized

calculator and asked if that was his.

Annoyed, the engineer said "No, not at all!!"

Finally, she came up with his own Pentiummachine and asked if it was his.

The engineer, left with no option, sighedand said " Yes."


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The River Goddess was happy with his

honesty. She was about to give Him all

three items, but before she could make the

offer, the engineer Asked her, "Don't youknow that you're supposed to show me

some better computers before bringing up

my own ?"


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The River Goddess, angered at this,

replied, "I know that, you stupid donkey!

The first two things I showed you were the

Trillennium and the Billennium, the latestcomputers from IBM !". saying So, she

disappeared with the Pentium!!


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Moral :If you're not up-to-date with

technology trends , it's better to keep your

mouth shut and let people think you're a

fool than to open your mouth and removeall doubt.


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THANK YOU VERY MUCH

memory presentation universal

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