Upload File

metabolism an introduction. energy every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use...

  • Home
  • Documents
  • Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:
18
Metabolism Metabolism An Introduction

Upload: piers-rogers

Post on 19-Jan-2016

220 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

Report

Tags:

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

MetabolismMetabolismAn Introduction

Page 2: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

EnergyEnergy

Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy◦Energy = ability to do work

Metabolism: capture and use of energy through catabolic and anabolic reactions ◦ Catabolic reaction = breaking apart molecules into

simpler compounds Eg. Protein amino acids

◦ Anabolic reaction = building complex molecules out of smaller compounds

Eg. Glucose + glucose maltose

Page 3: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Energy cont’dEnergy cont’d

Cells need a constant supply of energy in order to live

The nature of energy is important when considering metabolism

In metabolism, ATP molecules are the cell’s source of energy ATP = energy currency

Page 4: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

What does Energy look What does Energy look like?like?

Energy used to do work takes on many forms ◦ Electrical, kinetic, thermal, light,

sound

The types of energy fall into 2 categories:1.Kinetic energy- energy in

MOVING objects thermal (heat), mechanical,

electrical

2.Potential energy- STORED energy gravitational, chemical

Ex. Roller coaster car Top: potential

energy As drops: kinetic

energy

Page 5: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Laws of thermodynamics Laws of thermodynamics (I)(I)

1st law:◦Total energy in a system always

remains constant ◦Energy is converted from on form to

another

• Metabolism- in the context of biochemical reactions in living cells, energy is constantly changing form and thermal energy is generally lost from the organism

Page 6: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

An interactive exampleAn interactive example

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/catalysis_energy/catalysis_energy.htm

Page 7: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Free energy diagram

#1

Energy changes are what drive all chemical reactions

Free energy ( G) is the potential energy in a chemical reaction energy available to do work

#1- the reactants have a higher level of free energy than the products

Glucose

Carbon dioxide + water

Page 8: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Free energy diagram

#2- a temporary state where both reactant bonds are breaking and product bonds are forming *intermediary step

The activation energy (Eact)is the jumpstart needed for reactions to proceed Needed to strain/break bonds

#2

Ex. Racket ball turning inside out

Glucose

Carbon dioxide + water

Page 9: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/catalysis_energy/catalysis_energy.htm

Page 10: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Free energy diagram

#3- Decline in overall free energy as the free energy decreases in the reactants as they become products.

#3

Glucose

Carbon dioxide + water

Page 11: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Free energy diagram

#4- Products have formed, the reaction is complete, the overall free energy has decline

#4

G is negative

Glucose

Carbon dioxide + water

An exothermic reaction

Page 12: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

In a living organism/cell, G < 0 in a reaction is harnessed to do useful work, leaving less free energy available & more entropy

What is entropy?

Page 13: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

What are some words you would use to describe the change in this room?

Page 14: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Laws of thermodynamics Laws of thermodynamics (II)(II)2nd law:

◦The universe is constantly increasing in disorder As energy changes forms, it becomes more

disordered

◦Entropy is a measure of disorder Increased entropy = increase in disorder

When thinking of chemical reactions, we must consider both energy AND entropy◦Text pg 61

Page 15: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

Spontaneous vs Non-Spontaneous vs Non-Spontaneous ReactionsSpontaneous Reactions

◦Chemical reactions occur spontaneously when both energy & entropy are favoured

◦Chemical reactions may not occur spontaneously if energy is favoured but entropy is not

◦In summary- cells favour spontaneous reactions

Page 16: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

• Less entropy• More free energy

• More entropy• Less free energy

ATP ↔ ADP + Pi

Page 17: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

HomeworkPg 68 #1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Page 18: Metabolism An Introduction. Energy Every reaction that occurs in a living organism requires the use of Energy ◦ Energy = ability to do work Metabolism:

http://users.humboldt.edu/rpaselk/ChemSupp/Plots/RxnProg.gif

ResourcesResources

http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ecb_images/03_32_ATP_and_ADP_cycle.jpg


Energy & Metabolism

Energy Balance & Metabolism

Introduction to Metabolism. Metabolism Includes all of the chemical reactions in an organism. Reactions are ordered in metabolic pathways (sequence

Introduction to metabolism. Metabolism Term used to describe all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism Metabolism = anabolism + catabolism Break

Introduction to Anatomy The Human Organism. Characteristics of Life ORGANIZATION METABOLISM

Multiplex energy metabolism

METABOLISM The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

Biochemical Energy Production. Metabolism –Sum of all the chemical activities taking place in an organism –Catabolism Larger molecules broken down into

Metabolism and Energy Chapters 8. Metabolism and Energy Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism Bioenergetics Energy Kinetic Heat/Thermal Light

Microbial Metabolism Ch 5 Metabolism is the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism. Catabolism is the energy-releasing processes. Anabolism is the

Energy Metabolism Overview

Ch 5 - Microbial metabolism · Microbial metabolism Chapter 5 BIO 220 Metabolism • Sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism • Metabolism = Catabolism + Anabolism

Metabolism. METABOLISM Biochemical processes in a living organism Metabolism Require energy

Metabolism Cell Energetics Metabolism = total of all the chemical reactions taking place in an organism

Welcome to class of Metabolism Dr. Meera Kaur. What is metabolism? Metabolism is all the chemical reactions done by living organism. Virtually all chemical

Energy Metabolism Chapter 7 - Modesto Junior Collegekraftc.faculty.mjc.edu/PPChapter7Spring2013.pdf · Energy Metabolism Chapter 7 . Simple Overview of Energy Metabolism The sum of

An Introduction to Metabolism · An Introduction to Metabolism ... Slide 4 Metabolism • Thermodynamics says that the flow of chemical energy into an organism is equal to the energy

Microbial Metabolism Chapter 5. Metabolism Metabolism - all of the chemical reactions within a living organism 1. Catabolism ( Catabolic ) – breakdown

Energy and Metabolism

Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism. METABOLISM Sum of all chemical rxn’s within a living organism Release energy Require energy

Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism. Concept 8.1: An organism ’ s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamicsConcept

An Introduction to Metabolism - Sacramento State ... 8 metabolism.… · • Metabolism in an organism is about energy and enzymes. • It is the sum of all of the chemical reactions

Energy, Catalysis and Biosynthesis Metabolism *catabolism *anabolism Complexity of metabolism Review of Energy: Energy *kinetic energy *potential energy

Chapter 13 Principles of Bioenergetics. Metabolism - Coordinated cellular activity - Sum of all the chemical transformations in organism Chemical energy

Metabolism : The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism

Metabolism and Energy

Unit 4: Cellular Energy Chapter 8. What is Metabolism? Metabolism : All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. There are 2 Types of

Ch 5 - Microbial metabolism Sp 2017 - Napa Valley College · Microbial metabolism Chapter 5 BIO 220 Metabolism • Sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism • Metabolism

Chapter 8: Metabolism Metabolism Metabolism – all of the chemical reactions in an organism - A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and

Thermodynamics and Metabolism. 2 Metabolism Metabolism: all chemical reactions occurring in an organism Anabolism: chemical reactions that expend energy

Energy metabolism

Metabolism in Microbeseduspace.free.fr/ibbiology2007_14/13_opF_microbiol/HL...Photoheterotroph: an organism that uses light energy to generate ATP and obtains organic compounds from

Metabolism the biochemical reactions that occur within a living organism and the energy exchanges and transformations that accompany them Catabolism -

Voet Energy Metabolism

Metabolism and Enzymes. Metabolism- the total of all chemical reactions done in an organism to store or release energy. (the number of molecules built