methods handbook for youth work

8/14/2019 Methods Handbook for Youth Work

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2/109

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Jhpmi`t Mbg`oiiaei Sixpm Tidcbf [ia

B diffhdpcig ie kbjht& h}hdctht bg` phdmgcrxht ei

pmh ji`hbpcig ie pbcgcgk bg` ~fbggcgk huhgpt


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8

Pmct oiia ct cgphg`h` eir xth os sixpm prbcghrt& dijjxgcps {irahrt bg` sixpm krix~ fhb`*hrt& bt {hff bt ~rilhdp jbgbkhrt cg kiuhrgjhgp cgtpcpxpcigt bg` dcucf tidchps irkbgctbpcigt'

Bt b mbgòiia& cp tmixf` oh ie ubfxh pi bgsoi`s prscgk pi rhbdm bg` cj~brp agi{fh`khpi sixgk ~hi~fh' Jbgs jbgxbft bfrhb`s h}ctp pmbp brh cj~irpbgp tixrdht eir pmh h`xdbpcigbg` prbcgcgk ie sixpm cg `huhfi~jhgp pmhjht txdm bt ~rilhdp jbgbkhjhgp& cgdijh khghrb*pcig& MCU)BC@T bg` rh~ri`xdpcuh mhbfpm& khg`hr& ~hbdh oxcf`cgk bg` digefcdp rhtifxpcig'Mi{huhr& pmct mbgòiia bpphj~pt pi ki exrpmhr pmbg ipmhrt os ~riuc`cgk b ji`hrg& ~br*pcdc~bpirs bg` hgphrpbcgcgk phbdmcgk b~~ribdm'

Pmh jbgxbf cgdfx`ht jhpmi`t {mcdm mbuh ohhg txddhttexffs hj~fish` cg gxjhrixt sixpm~rilhdpt& cg Tixpm Bercdb& \bjocb& Ahgsb& _{bg`b bg` Xkbg`b' Cg ~brpcdxfbr& jbgs iepmhj mbuh ohhg diffhdph` bg` `huhfi~h` os pmh ^rijipcig ie Dmcf`rhg bg` Sixpm -^DS#~rilhdp ie pmh Xkbg`bg Jcgctprs ie Khg`hr& Fboixr bg` Tidcbf @huhfi~jhgp bg` pmh

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jxtp oh ~brpcdc~bpirs& bt {hff bt pmh ~xppcgk cgpi heehdp ie pmh pmcgkt fhbrgh`'

Eirh{ir`

^brpcdc~bpcig


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5

D_ITT _HEH_HGDCGK

Pmh Jhpmi`t Ahs bg` cpt Xtht

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pmct oiia' Cg b``cpcig pi pmh tc} dbphkicht i txo*thdpcigt& jbgs ie pmh jhpmi`t mbuh ohhg th~bbphfs

ditt*hehhgdh` pi mckmfckmp pmhc xthexfghtt ei t~hdcfld pbtat'

Pmh Jhpmi`t Ahs

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Pmh Pbtat Thdpcig

Cg ^bp Pmhh ie pmh oiia& tijh cj~ipbgp bhbt ie sixpm tidcbf {ia ei pmh Becdbg tcpxbpcig bh

`htdcoh`' Ei hbdm ie pmhth& cj~ipbgp digphgp ct cgdfx`h`& bg` b ~idh`xbf b~~ibdm txkkhtph`&

obth` ig pmh ~bpcdc~bpis ~cgdc~fht {mcdm bh bp pmh mhbp ie pmct jhpmi`t mbgòiia' Pmh ditt*

hehhgdcgk bfti heht pi pmhth thdpcigt& bg` tmixf` thuh bt b kxc`h pi mhf~ six jbah pmh jitp ie pmh

jhpmi`t mbgòiia'

Mi{ pi xth pmct mbgòiia


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;

Digphgpt

C Ji`hrbpcgk ~ 3

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Cgpri`xdpcig pi Jhpmi`t ~ 2>

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Eirh{ir` ~ 8

CGDIJH KHGH_BPCIG % HGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ ~ ;3


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3

Ji`hrbpcgk

[iracgk {cpm ^hi~fh bt b Prbcghr

Cgpri`xdpcig pi Jhpmi`t

Hgdixrbkcgk ^hi~fh {cpm Kbjht

Mhf~cgk pmh Efi{ ie C`hbt


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2>

Cgpri`xdpcig pi Jhpmi`t

Bt pmh ebdcfcpbpi ie b ~bpcdc~bpis ~idhtt& six bh pmhh pi hgbofh bff pmh ~hi~fh cguifuh`pi dii~hbph ~i`xdpcuhfs' Pmct jhbgt xtcgk six t~hdcfld tacfft pi mhf~ pmhj `ctdiuh pmhci{g htixdht bg` pi xth pmhj ei pmh kii` ie pmh {mifh kix~' Pmh tacfft six mbuh bh sixagi{fh`kh ie bg b~~ibdm pi tidcbf {ia& bg` pmh jhpmi`t bubcfbofh pi six pi ~xtxh sixb~~ibdm' Ie dixth& pi bdmchuh txddhtt six ghh` jih pmbg lxtp b fctp ie jhpmi`t' Six jxtpmbuh b ~itcpcuh bppcpx`h pi{b` six kix~ bg` pmh pbcgcgk thttcig& bg` six mbuh pi hgtxhpmh ~bpcdc~bgpt bfti ehhf dijeipbofh {cpm six' Boiuh bff& six ghh` pi oh txh pmh jhpmi`tsix xth bh pmh ckmp ight'

Jhpmi`t bh ~fbggh` bdpcucpcht {mcdm ~iuc`h b tpxdpxh ei six {ia' Pmhs dbg oh hgh*kctht i kbjht& tmip pbfat i figkh `ctdxttcigt' Pmh jhpmi`t six dmiith tmixf` hfbph pibff bt~hdpt ie six pbcgcgk * pi pmh kix~& pmh txolhdp bp mbg`& pmh digph}p& bg` pi sixthfebt pmh ebdcfcpbpi'

@iht cp b``htt pmh kix~t ghh`t bg` ht~igtcocfcpcht bp b ~bpcdxfb ~icgp cg pmh~ikbjjh9

@iht cp digtc`h cg`cuc`xbf& ~htigbf obdakixg` cgeijbpcig pmbp jbs oh cj~ipbgp-bkh& h`xdbpcig& fbgkxbkh& dxfpxbf obdakixg`& ~hucixt h}~hchgdht#9

[mbp ~ci agi{fh`kh bg` bocfcps ìht pmh jhpmi` bttxjh -cgphffhdpxbf& hjipcigbfbg` ~mstcdbf#9

[mbp fhuhf ie pxtp bg` ebjcfcbcps bh ghdhttbs cg pmh kix~9 [cff pmh jhpmi` dbxthhbdpcigt bg` hjipcigt pmbp dbg oh `hbfp {cpm cg pmh digph}p9

@i pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt xg`htpbg` pmbp pmhs bh ht~igtcofh ei pmhc bdpcigt& fhbgcgkbg` ~htigbf huhfi~jhgp9

Mi{ ìht cp hfbph pi {mbp mbt kigh oheih bg` {mbp {cff dijh beph9 [mcdm hfhjhgpt ie pmh pi~cd ìht pmh jhpmi` mckmfckmp bp pmct ~icgp& bg` {ms9 Mi{ jxdm cg~xp ìht pmh jhpmi` hrxch eij pmh kix~9 [mbp cgeijbpcig {cff oh ~iuc`h` os six& bg` {mbp jxtp pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt {ia ixp

ei pmhjthfuht9

Mi{ ìht pmh ~mstcdbf hgucigjhgp -pmh uhgxh& pmh exgcpxh hpd'# beehdp pmh xth iepmh jhpmi`9

Ct cp pmh ~i~h jijhgp pi xth pmct jhpmi` bp b ~bpcdxfb ~icgp cg six pbcgcgk~idhtt9

Bh pmh ghdhttbs jbphcbft bubcfbofh9 Ct pmhh hgixkm pcjh pi dij~fhph pmh bdpcucps bg` exfflf pmh iolhdpcuht9

Dbg six bgpcdc~bph pmh ixpdijh bg` `hbf {cpm bgs xgh}~hdph` htxfpt9 Bh six b{bh pmbp fhbgcgk jhbgt dmbgkh& bg` pmbp pmct jbs tijhpcjht oh

xgdijeipbofh ei pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt9

Pmh rckmpjhpmi` eir pmhkrix~9

Pmh rckmpjhpmi` eir pmhtxolhdp9

Pmh rckmpjhpmi` eir pmh

digph}p9

Pmh rckmpjhpmi` eir six9


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22

Pmct ct b oiia ei fhb`ht ie sixpm kix~t& {iatmi~ ebdcfcpbpit&~hh h`xdbpit& pbcght bg` pbcght ie pbcght' [mijhuh six`hbf {cpm& six bh xtcgk pmct oiia ohdbxth six {bgp pi cj~bpgh{ agi{fh`kh& c`hbt bg` bppcpx`ht pi b kix~ ie sixgk ~hi~fh'

[mhpmh six bh b jhjoh ie b sixpm kix~& bjigktp sixechg`t& i b ~iehttcigbf tidcbf {iah {mi jbs oh b~~ibdm*cgk b kix~ ie ~hi~fh ei pmh uhs fltp pcjh& six bh ebdh` {cpmpmh tbjh obtcd dmbffhgkh'

Pmhh bh jbgs jhpmi`t ei xth cg `cuhth tcpxbpcigt pi bdmchuh `ceehcgk htxfpt& oxpjitp ie pmhj mbuh igh pmcgk cg dijjig< pmhs bff mhf~ pmh jhjoht ie b kix~ pi ecg`pmhc i{g {bs cgtc`h b fhbgcgk tcpxbpcig' Ce ~hi~fh `ctdiuh cgeijbpcig ei pmhjthfuht&i bt ~bp ie b phbj heeip& cp ct jxdm jih fcahfs pmbp pmhs {cff hjhjoh {mbp pmhs mbuhfhbgh`'

Oheih pmbp dbg mb~~hg& six ghh` pi hgdixbkh pmh bdpcuh cguifuhjhgp ie bff pmh ~hi~fh cgpmh kix~1 six ghh` pi pxg pmhj cgpi ~bpcdc~bgpt bpmh pmbg jhh ~x~cft' Pmct ct pmhhbf dmbffhgkh'

Cg pmh jbcg thdpcig ie pmct mbg`oiia& six {cff ecg` b fbkh gxjoh jhpmi`t pi jipcubphpmh ~hi~fh six bh {iacgk {cpm' Cg `ceehhgp {bst& bff ie pmhth jhpmi`t tx~~ip dhbpcucps&dijjxgcdbpcig bg` jxpxbf xg`htpbg`cgk' Pmhth bh six piift pi mhf~ b kix~ ecg` cpt

{bs' Oxp ei pmhth jhpmi`t pi mbuh bgs dmbgdh ie txddhtt& six jxtp ectp jhhp pmh dmbffhgkhie hgtxcgk ~bpcdc~bpcig'

Bpjit~mhrh

Eij pmh tpbp& six tmixf` htpbofctm b echg`fs& cgeijbf bpjit~mhh' _hjhjoh six bh`hbfcgk {cpm sixgk ~hi~fh& ti bf{bst ohb cg jcg` pmh dmbbdphctpcdt ie sixpm' Jitpsixgk ~hi~fh bh gbpxbffs dxcixt& hghkhpcd bg` dhbpcuh& oxp pmhs dbg bfti oh rxchp bg`xgdhpbcg' Ce six dbg iuhdijh pmh tmsghtt bg` ocgk ixp pmh hgpmxtcbtpcd rxbfcpcht& ckmpeij pmh tpbp& pmh htp ie six {ia tmixf` oh hglisbofh bg` jxdm hbtch'

Cp ct cj~ipbgp pmbp huhsigh ehhft hfb}h`& bg` six kix~ tmixf` khp pi agi{ hbdm ipmh bt{hff * bg` bt rxcdafs * bt ~ittcofh' Igdh ~hi~fh tpbp ehhfcgk pmhs bh bjigktp echg`t& pmhh{cff oh jih t~bdh ei pmh hghks bg` dhbpcucps pi dijh ixp'

Mi{ `i six bdmchuh

txddhtt cg sixr prbcgcgk9

[iracgk {cpm ^hi~fh bt b Prbcghr

Pxrgcgk ~x~cft cgpi~brpcdc~bgpt


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2?

Tpsfh

Six i{g ~htigbf tpsfh {cff oh b `hdc`cgk ebdpi cg htpbofctmcgk pmh bpjit~mhh' Ahh~ bthgth ie mxjix& bg` oxcf` b hfbpcigtmc~ {cpm six ~bpcdc~bgpt ig b echg`fs obtct eijpmh uhs tpbp' Oh thfe*dcpcdbf bg` tmbh six jctpbaht' Pscgk pi mc`h hit ct b {hbaghtt&bg` cp bhfs txddhh`t' Tijhpmcgk bf{bst kiht {igk& ti {mhg cp ìht& pbfa boixp cp {cpmixpohcgk `hehgtcuh' -Pmbp {bt b jctpbah' Tis' Oxp ghuh jcg`& cpt bg i~~ipxgcps pi fhbg'#

Pmct {cff hbg six jih ht~hdp cg pmh kix~& bg` cp {cff jbah cp hbtch ei pmh ipmht piohmbuh pmh tbjh {bs'

Six bh b ifh ji`hf bt {hff bt b fhb`h' Pmct jhbgt six mbuh pi fhb` os h}bj~fh' Sixjxtp b~~hb thfe digec`hgp bg` six jxtp oh digec`hgp cg pmh jbphcbft bg` jhpmi`t sixbh xtcgk' Six h}~fbgbpcigt tmixf` bf{bst oh tmip bg` dfhb1 six thfe bttxbgdh {cff mhf~

~htxb`h pmh kix~ pmbp {mbp six bh tbscgk ct bdpxbffs thgtcofh bg` pxh& huhg ce cp ct gh{bg` tpbgkh pi pmhj' Pmh ahs pi ehhfcgk digec`hgp cg sixthfe ct hbts< ^h~bbpcig"

Krix~ Bkrhhjhgpt -_xfht#

Bp pmh ohkcggcgk ie bg huhgp& cp ct uhs cj~ipbgp ei pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi bkhh ig xfhti gijt pmbp {cff oh iothuh` pmixkmixp' Pmct {cff hgtxh pmbp pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt agi{mi{ pi dig`xdp pmhjthfuht' Tijh ie six bdpcucpcht jbs cguifuh h}~itcgk ~htigbf h}~hc*hgdht pmbp ~hi~fh {ixf` gip i`cgbcfs phff pi ipmht' Pmhheih pmh sixgk ~hi~fh ghh` bgbttxbgdh pmbp pmhc digec`hgdh {cff gip oh ohpbsh`' Igh ie six ectp bdpcigt bp pmh ectpthttcig tmixf` pmhheih oh pi bttctp pmh kix~ cg eijxfbpcgk b thp ie xfht' Cp ct cj~i*pbgp pmhs ì pmct ei pmhjthfuht& bg` pmbp pmhs bkhh pi boc`h os pmh xfht' Tijh h}bj~fhtjckmp oh

JIPCUBPCIG

CDHO_HBAH_T

Eij pmh kix~ cgpi p{i ebdcgk fcght bg` bta pmhj pi~bc iee {cpm pmh ~htig i~~itcph' Hbdm ~bc khhpt& tbsti btat {mbphuh pmhs {ctm' Pmhs pmhg jiuh iee cg i~*

~itcph `chdpcigt& fcah b ocdsdfh dmbcg& bg` khhp {mihuhct gh}p& digpcgxcgk ixg` bp pmh hg`t' Ahh~ kicgk xgpcfbff mbuh jhp& {mhg pmh dmbcg mbt kigh mbfe {bs bixg`'

OCDSDFH DMBCG

Six ghh` t~bdh pi jiuh bixg` cg& ti cp ct kiiìxpìit' Ce cgìit& dfhb bg i~hg bhb'

Phff pmh kix~ pmbp pmhs bh gi{ bff jiucgk bixg` bfbkh pb}c ~ba' Ectp& pmhs ghh` pi flg` pmhc pb}c bg` pmhgpmhs pbfa pi pmh ipmh ~btthgkht b ocp' Pmhg& ei huhseiffi{cgk ixg` pmh pb}c ~ba ct pi oh ikbgcth` bddi`*cgk pi b gh{ i`h'

Six jxtp kcuh pmhj b dbphkis& ei h}bj~fh ~ieht*tcig' Gi{ pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt mbuh pi tmixp ixp pmhc ~i*ehttcig fix`fs& fcah pmh dig`xdpi ie b pb}c pscgk pi flg`flppcgk ~btthgkht' -Cp xtxbffs ohkcgt {cpm b hbf dmbit"#

[mhg pmh kix~t mbuh kbpmhh`& pmhs tmixf` pbfa eitijh jcgxpht pi h}dmbgkh t~hdcbf cgeijbpcig& ei h}*bj~fh {mhg& {mhh& bg` bp {mbp bkh pmhs `c` pmhc uidb*pcigbf pbcgcgk i tpx`s'

Pmhg six tpbp pmh gh}p ixg`' I~pcigt ei dfxtpht cg*dfx`h jcgxpht ei pmhj pi `b{ b ~cd*pxh ie pmhjthfuht' Pmh ~cdpxht bh pmhg `ct~fbsh` pi

pmh kix~ -i ~hthgph` cg tjbffh txo*kix~t ce pmhhbh pii jbgs ~bpcdc~bgpt#'

^CDPX_H CGP_I@XDPCIG

B dhbpcuh cgpi`xdpcig {mcdm ct kii` ei fhbgcgk boixp ighthfe bt {hff btboixp ipmht'

Pmh kix~ tcpt cg b dcdfh bg` hbdm jhjoh cgphuch{tpmh ~htig pi pmh fhep i pmh ckmp& pi flg` ixp pmh gbjhbg` tijh cgeijbpcig boixp pmbp ~htig' Pmhg& igh bp bpcjh& hbdm ~bpcdc~bgp cgpi`xdht mct i mh ghckmoix pipmh htp ie pmh kix~'

Ei h}bj~fh< Pmct ct Jbpmb' Tmh ct hckmphhg shbtif` bg` tpcff tcgkfh' Bp pmh jijhgp Jbpmb ct bpphg`*cgk uidbpcigbf pbcgcgk ohdbxth tmh {bgpt pi ohdijhb pbcfi ei jhgt{hb' Tmh fcaht `bgdcgk& hb`cgk bg``ctdxttcgk' Ce six tmixf` dijh bg` uctcp mh tmh {ixf`

~h~bh ei six pmh ohtp jbpiiah cg pi{g bg` b fiuhfsohhe tph{'

DC_DFH CGPH_UCH[

B `hpbcfh` cgpi`xdpcig ixg`& {mcdm ct bfti b kii` {bs pi oxcf` b b~~ipcg pmh kix~'

@b{ * i cjbkcgh * b jb~ ie six dixgps i `ctpcdpig pmh kixg`& xtcgk dmbfa& b i~h i bgs txcpbofh jb*phcbf'

Bta pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi tpbg` {mhh pmhs {hh oig& bg`

pmhg jiuh ~ikhttcuhfs pi {mhh pmhs {hgp pi tdmiif-~cjbs bg` thdig`bs# bg` {hgp pi diffhkh' Pmhg bta

{mhh pmhs mb` pmhc fltp lio& bg` ti ig' Six dbg bta bgsrxhtpcigt six {bgp& oxp pmhs tmixf` hfbph pi pmh kix~bg` pi six pi~cd'

JB^^CGK

Pmct ct b ubcbpcig ie pmh Pb}c~ba kbjh& {cpm tcjcfb xtht' Cp ct b kii`cgpi`xdpcig& {mcdm bfti xg`hfcght ~bpcdc~bpcig'


21/109

?4

JI

PCUBPCIG

CDH

O_HBAH_T

Kcuh ~bpcdc~bgpt ~b~h bg` ~hgt& pmhg jbah pmhj bffkhp x~ bg` {bg`h bixg` pmh iij' Pmhs tmixf` pmhg~bc iee {cpm tijhigh hfth& bg` flg` ixp pmh bgt{h pipmhh rxhtpcigt

h'k' Gbjh b ~fbdh six fcah pi uctcp9 * [mbp flfj i oiiambuh six hglish` hdhgpfs9 * [mbp ct six gbjh9 i jhphtfigk#'

Pmh kix~ eijt b dcdfh' Six bt pmh ebdcfcpbpi pbah mifìe pmh hg` ie pmh tpcgk bg` pmi{ pmh obff pi igh iepmh ~bpcdc~bgpt& fhppcgk pmh tpcgk xg{cg`' Tbs mct i mhgbjh bp pmh tbjh pcjh' Pmbp ~htig dbpdmht pmh obff&

ahh~t mif` ie pmh tpcgk bg` pmi{t pmh cp pi bgipmh

~bpcdc~bgp& tbscgk mct i mh gbjh' Pmh kix~ digpcgxhtìcgk pmct bg` beph b {mcfh pmh tpcgk {cff eij b acgìe ghp cgtc`h pmh dcdfh' Cp ìht gip jbpph ce pmh obff ctpmi{g p{i i pmhh pcjht pi pmh tbjh ~htig'

Ce six bh dbhexf * bg` kii` bp pscgk agipt * pmh ghp dbgoh mxgk x~ beph{b`t ei ct~fbs xcgk pmh htp ie six

jhhpcgk i {iatmi~'

GBJH GHP

Pmct ct fcphbffs ghp{iacgk' Cp mhf~t pi oig` pmh kix~& {mcfh ~bdpctcgkpmh gbjht' Bp pmh hg`& pmh ghp ct b acg` ie tsjoif ie pmh kix~t c`hgpcps'

Pmh kix~ jxtp dixgp eij igh pi p{hgps' Pmh ~b*pcdc~bgpt tcp cg b dcdfh& bg` igh ie pmhj ct dmithg pitpbp pmh dixgpcgk' Pmhs bff dfith pmhc hsht bg` pmh fltp~htig tpbpt os tbscgk igh' Pbacgk pxgt& pmh ipmhtjxtp dixgp p{i& pmhh hpd' x~ pi p{hgps' Mi{huh&~hi~fh tcppcgk gh}p pi hbdm ipmh jbs gip tbs txothrxhgpgxjoht& bg` gi gxjoh jbs oh ~igixgdh` os p{ii jih ~htigt bp pmh tbjh pcjh' Ie dixth& pmct {cffmb~~hg rxcph ehrxhgpfs' [mhghuh cp ìht& pmh kix~

jxtp tpbp eij pmh ohkcggcgk bkbcg' [mhg pmh kix~txddhh`t cg dixgpcgk pi ?> cg pmct jbggh& cp ct pxgh`'

Ce pmh kix~ digtctpt ie jih pmbg p{hgps ~hi~fh& sixjbs dmith b fbkh gxjoh& oxp pmh h}hdcth {cff ~io*bofs pbah pii figk ce pmh gxjoht bh jxdm mckmh'Tjbffh kix~t& ie dixth& dbg digpcgxh dixgpcgk xgpcfpmhs hbdm p{hgps'

DIXGP PI P[HGPS

Pmct ct bg hghkcth ei pmh jcg`' Pmh jbcg ohghflpt bh pi ~bdpcthdijjxgcdbpcig pmrixkm xg`hrtpbg`cgk bg` digdhgprbpcig& bg` pi xgcph -ir

pxgh# pmh krix~'

Pmct ct bg hbts kbjh pi xg`htpbg`' Cp hucuht pmh kix~ rxcdafs bg`~i{hrexffs'


26/109

?=

JIPCUBPCIG

HGH_KCTH_T

^h~bbpcig

Tgbahocph ghh`t b uhs ock ~chdh ie dfipm'Tijh ebdcfcpbpit xth {mbp ct dbffh` b ~bbdmxph* b t~hdcbffs jb`h& ixg` tmhhp pmbp fiiat fcah btjbff ~bbdmxph' Ce six i gip mbuh igh& pmhg xthpmh fbkhtp tmhhp i ofbgahp six dbg flg`' Six {cffbfti ghh` phg pi flephhg ~chdht ie i~h& boixp 5>dj figk& agipph` bp hbdm hg`' Pmct ct ohtp `ighig b fb{g i cg b ock iij'

Mi{ cp {iat

Pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt tpbg` bixg` pmh t~hb` ixpdfipm bg` ~cda cp x~ bp pmh h`kht' Pmh kix~ `c*

uc`ht cgpi p{i phbjt& obth` ig pmh jc``fh fcghi eif` cg pmh dfipm' Six ~fbdh pmh ~chdht ie i~higpi pmh jc``fh ie pmh dfipm' Hbdm phbj gi{pcht pi t{cgk bg` tmbah pmh dfipm ti mb` pmbp

~fbsht eij pmh ipmh tc`h bh mcp os pmh ~chdhtie i~h -pmhs bh ocpphg os pmh tgbah#'

Ubcbpcig

Pi jbah pmh kbjh jih dij~hpcpcuh& pmith {mi {hhocpphg fhbuh pmh kbjh& i pmhs dmbgkh tc`ht'

TGBAHOCPH

Pmct ghh`t jih ~h~bbpcig pmbg jitp hghkctht& bg` dbg igfs oh ~fbsh`{cpm 2? ?> ~bpcdc~bgpt -`h~hg`cgk ig pmh tc|h ie six dfipm#' Cp ct b uhskii` phbj kbjh bg` {cff mhf~ oxcf` b kii` bpjit~mhh' Ce six mbuh pii jbgs~bpcdc~bgpt& six dbg eij jih pmbg p{i phbjt bg` fhp hbdm phbj ~fbs hbdmipmh cg pxg -cg b agida ixp digphtp#'

Tcjcfb pi Tgbahocph& six {cff ghh` b uhs ock dfipmi ~bbdmxph bg` b ebcfs fbkh t~bdh'

Bff pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt tcp ig pmhc aghht bixg` pmh dfipm

bg` mif` cp {cpm pmhc mbg`t' Igh ~htig ~fbst pmh

~bp ie b ock fltm bg` db{ft xg`h pmh dfipm' Bg*ipmh ct pmh fltmhjbg' Mh i tmh pbaht iee mct imh tmiht bg` {bfat ig pi~ ie pmh dfipm'

Pmh thb ct ixkm * pmh ipmh ~bpcdc~bgpt jxtptmbah pmh dfipm pi jbah ock {buht' Gi{ pmhfltmhjbg pcht pi dbpdm pmh fltm& oxp pmh fltm

htdb~ht rxcph hbtcfs ohdbxth pmh ock {buht mhf~mcj pi jiuh {cpmixp ohcgk thhg' [mhg pmh fltmct flgbffs dbxkmp& p{i ipmh ~bpcdc~bgpt ohdijhfltmhjbg bg` fltm' Pmh kbjh fbtpt xgpcf bffie pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt mbuh ohhg fltmhjbg ifltm igdh'

Ubcbpcig

Six dbg ps ~fbscgk pmct kbjh {cpm p{i i jih fltm&

`h~hg`cgk ig pmh tc|h ie six dfipm

ECTMCGK

Fcah Tgbahocph& pmct kbjh dbg oh ~fbsh` {cpm 2? ?> ~bpcdc~bgpt-`h~hg`cgk ig pmh tc|h ie six dfipm#'


27/109

?3

JI

PCUBPCIG

^_IOFHJT

IFUCGK

%

DII^H_BPCIG

HGH_KCTH_T

Pmct ct bg ixptc`h kbjh& ohtp ~fbsh` ig b ~fbscgkflhf`' Six tmixf` jba ixp bg bhb ie boixp 2>}28jhpht {cpm b `ctpcgdp fcgh bp hbdm hg`'

Mi{ cp {irat

Pmct kbjh cguifuht pmhh acg`t ie dhbpxh i ebg*pbts dmbbdpht< hfuht& kcbgpt bg` {c|b`t' Hbdm iepmh pmhh ps~ht dbg oh c`hgpcflh` os t~hdcfld kht*pxht

JIPCUBPCIG

^_IOFHJ

TIFUCGK

%DII^H_BPCIG

^h~bbpcig

Six {cff ghh` fbkh tmhhpt ie ~b~h bg` tijh jbah~hgt'

Mi{ cp {iat

Ectp& ~fbdh b {mcph tmhhp ie ~b~h cg pmh jc``fh iepmh kix~& ohp{hhg p{i ~bpcdc~bgpt i fl} cp pi b c~*dmbp i ofbdaoib`' Pmhg h}~fbcg pmh h}hdcth pi pmhkix~ pi 4>fbrkh gxjohr*dbr`t -{cpm pmh digthdxpcuh gxjohrt 2pi ?> ir 4> flffcgk b dbr` hbdm#' Pmh ~fbscgk brhb dbgoh cgìirt ir ixp'

Mi{ cp {irat

Ecrtp& six jbra b rixg` brhb {cpm b ri~h dcrdfh ir rb{b dcrdfh ig pmh krixg`' Pmhg ~fbdh pmh gxjohrh`dbr`t ebdh x~ cgtc`h pmh dcrdfh cg gi ~brpcdxfbr ir`hr'Gi{& kcuh pmh krix~ pcjh pi jhjircth pmh ~itcpcig iepmh dbr`t' Pmhrh tmixf` oh b pcjh fcjcp bkrhh` x~ig

os bff' Cp ct x~ pi pmh krix~ pi `hdc`h mi{ pmhs tmixf`rhjhjohr pmh dbr`t'

[mhg pmh pcjh ct x~& bff pmh dbr`t brh pxrgh` x~tc`hì{g& {cpmixp dmbgkcgk pmhcr ~itcpcig' Pmh krix~jxtp gi{ pxrg pmh dbr`t ebdh x~ bkbcg& cg pmhcr h}bdpgxjhrcdbf ir`hr' Bkbcg& pmhrh tmixf` oh bg bkrhh` pcjhfcjcp' Pmh {mifh krix~ tpbg`t ohmcg` b fcgh `rb{g beh{ jhprht b{bs erij pmh dbr` dcrdfh& bg` igfs igh~hrtig ct bffi{h` pi hgphr pmh dcrdfh bp b pcjh'

Ce bp bgs ~icgp bg cgdirrhdp dbr` ct pxrgh` iuhr& bff pmhdbr`t mbuh pi oh pxrgh` x~tc`h ì{g bkbcg& bg` pmhkrix~ tpbrpt berhtm'

DBFDXFBPI_

Pmct ~riofhj h}hrdctht uhrs t~hdcfld tacfft ie jhjirs' Cp {cff oh ohpphr eirtijh tcpxbpcigt pmbg ipmhrt'

Six {cff ghh` b oibr` ir ~chdh ie dbròibr`jhbtxrcgk boixp 5> } 5> dj ir 3> } 3> dj& `h*~hg`cgk ig pmh gxjohr ie ~fbshrt'

^xp pmh ~chdh ie dbròibr` ig pmh krixg`' Pmh{mifh krix~ pmhg mbt pi tpbg` ig pmh dbròibr`'Gioi`s ct ~hrjcpph` pi pixdm pmh krixg` {cpmpmhcr ehhp ir {cpm bgs ipmhr ~brp ie pmh oi`s'

[mhg pmhs mbuh bdmchuh` pmct& pmh krix~ mbt pitpbs cg ~itcpcig eir bp fhbtp hckmp thdig`t'

Ubrcbpcigt

_h`xdcgk pmh tc|h iepmh dbròibr` cgdrhbthtpmh `cefldxfps'

Pmh kbjh dbg oh jb`hdij~hpcpcuh ce p{i irjirh krix~t prs piixpfbtp hbdm ipmhr'

PCPBGCD

Pmct h}hrdcth ct bgipmhr {mcdm tprhttht dii~hrbpcig bg` jbaht pmh jhjohrtie b krix~ ehhf dfithr'

Eir pmct& six ghh` ofcgèif t eir huhrsigh' Pmh h}hrdcthpbaht ~fbdh ig b fbrkh fb{g ir flhf ixptc h& {cpmixp io*tpbdfht'

Pmh ~brpcdc~bgpt ~xp ig pmh ofcgèif t bg` rhjbcg tcfhgp'Six tpbrp pmh h}hrdcth os {mct~hrcgk b gxjohr pi hbdm~fbshr& bg` six jiuh pmhj brixg` pmh flhf ti pmbp pmith

{cpm digthdxpcuh gxjohrt brh gip ghckmoixrt' Hbdm ~br*pcdc~bgp eirjt mct ir mhr gxjohr {cpm pmhcr flgkhrt' Pmhsjxtp gi{ brrbgkh pmhjthfuht cg b fcgh bddir cgk pi pmhcrgxjohrt' Pmhs jxtp ì ti ofcg & bg` {cpmixp t~hbacgk'

Six tmixf kcuh pmhj b pcjh fcjcp pi tifuh pmh pbta' [mhg

pmh krix~ pmcgat pmbp pmhs mbuh tifuh` pmh ~riofhj& pmhspbah iee pmhcr ofcgèif t bg` bggixgdh pmhcr gxjohrt'

Ubrcbpcigt

Pmct h}hrdcth dbg oh jb`h jirh cefldxfp ce tijh gxj*ohrt brh bttckgh` thuhrbf pcjht& ir ce pmh krix~ ct igfskcuhg huhg ir i`` gxjohrt'

OH DB_HEXF"

Bt pmh ~brpcdc~bgpt brh ofcg` `xrcgk pmct h}hrdcth& sixbt ebdcfcpbpir tmixf` jbah txrh pmhs ì gip khp cgpi bgs`bgkhr' Jbah txrh pmh ~fbscgk brhb ct tbeh oheirh sixtpbrp"

OFCG@ GXJOH_T

Pmct ct bff boixp ~bpchgdh bg` digdhgprbpcig'


30/109

4?

JIPCUBPCIG

^_IOFHJ

TIFUCGK

%DII^H_BPCIG

Six ghh` b i~h ie boixp?> jhpht cg fhgkpm' Cpct ohtp pi ì pmct bdpcu*cps tijh{mhh {mhh sixmbuh ~fhgps ie t~bdh'

Thuhbf tcj~fh agipt bhpch` cg pmh i~h& {hfft~bdh` ixp bfigk cp' Bff pmh~fbsht mif` pmh i~h pckmpfs& hbdm xtcgk igh mbg`'

Pmhc pbta ct pi xgì pmh agipt {cpmixp fhppcgk ki

ie pmh i~h' Pmhs bh bffi{h`pi fhp pmh i~h tfc`h pmixkmpmhc mif`cgk*mbg`t'

Ubcbpcigt

Huhsigh mif`t pmh i~h{cpm oipm mbg`t'

Pmh ~fbsht ps pi pch tcj~fhagipt cg pmh i~h& bpmh bgxgì pmhj'

_I^H TBFB@

Pmct h}hdcth hrxcht b fip ie pmcgacgk bt {hff bt dii~hbpcig tacfft'

Ei pmct six ghh` b i~h boixp ?> jhpht figk& bgòfcgèif`t ei huhsigh' Cp dbg oh ìgh cg b fbkh iiji ig b ~fbscgk flhf`'

Mi{ cp {iat

Pmh hg`t ie pmh i~h bh pch` pikhpmh pi eij b fbkhfii~& pmh ~fbsht tpbg` cg b dcdfh& huhgfs t~bdh`& mif`*cgk pmh i~h' Six jbah txh pmhc ofcgèif`t bh ig-i pmbp pmhs bh dfitcgk pmhc hsht pckmpfs#' Pmh kix~gi{ mbt pi eij b `ceehhgp khijhpcdbf eij& txdm btb trxbh i b pcbgkfh' Pmhs bh gip bffi{h` pi fhp ki ie pmh i~h& oxp pmhs jbs pbfa'

TRXB_H _I^H

Ei pmct& pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt jxtp dijjxgcdbph {hff' Fhb`htmc~ bg` ~htxbtcigbh cj~ipbgp& ce tijhigh pmcgat mh i tmh mbt b tifxpcig'

Ei pmct kbjh six ghh` thuhbf {ii`hg oib`t itijhpmcgk tcjcfb' Tmhhpt ie gh{t~b~h dixf` {iabt {hff' Pmhth bh pmh ctfbg`t ig {mcdm ~hi~fh dbgtpbg`' Pmh gxjoh ie ctfbg`t jxtp oh igh fhtt pmbgpmh gxjoh ie ~fbsht'

Thp b tpbpcgk fcgh bg` b flgctmcgk fcgh b~~i}cjbphfshckmp pi phg jhpht b~bp' Gi{ pmh {mifh kix~ mbtpi ditt pmct t~bdh -pmh {bph# xtcgk pmh t{cjjcgkctfbg`t -pmh {ii`hg oib`t i tmhhpt ie ~b~h#'

Pmhs mbuh pi eiffi{ pmhth xfht< Gi igh ct bffi{h`pi pixdm pmh {bph' Pmh oib`t bf{bst mbuh pi ohmhf` pckmp& ce gip pmhs ibp b{bs& bg` pmh ~fbshtmbuh pi jbcgpbcg digtpbgp oi`s digpbdp ei pmh tbjhhbtig'

Pmct jhbgt pmhh jxtp oh bg xgoiahg dmbcg ie mxjbgdigpbdp ohp{hhg pmh fltp ctfbg` bg` pmh fbtp' Tijhmi{&pmh ctfbg`t * bg` pmh ~hi~fh * jxtp oh jiuh` ei{b`&pi{b`t pmh flgctmcgk fcgh' Ce igh ie pmh xfht ct oiahg&pmh kbjh tpbpt bkbcg i pmh gh}p phbj pcht'

T[CJJCGK CTFBG@T

Pmct kbjh igfs {iat {hff {cpm phbjt ie bp fhbtp tc} ~fbsht1 cp ghh`t bebcfs fbkh t~bdh& ~hehbofs ixpìit' Cp ct bff boixp dii~hbpcig' Ce pmh phbjìht gip exffs dii~hbph i pxtp igh bgipmh& pmhs {cff ebcf' Cp ct bfti b phtpie fhb`htmc~ tacfft< {mi dbg khp pmh ipmht pi dii~hbph cg xtcgk mct i mhtifxpcig9


31/109

44

JI

PCUBPCIG

DIGEC@HGDH

Six {cff ghh` igh ofcgèif` eir hbdm krix~ ie ~brpcdc*~bgpt'

Pmh krix~ eirjt b tjbff dcrdfh bg` igh ~hrtigtpbg`t cg pmh dhgprh' Pmh igh cg pmh jc``fh ctofcgèif`h`' Pmct ~hrtig ct pmh ~hg`xfxj' Mh ir

tmh jbaht mct ir mhr oi`s phgth bg` rckc`& bg` fhpt

mcjthfe ie mhrthfe ebff eir{br`& obda{br` ir pi pmhtc`ht' Pmh ~hi~fh cg pmh dcrdfh dbpdm pmh ~hg`x*fxj*~hrtig bg` ~xtm mcj ir mhr khgpfs cg bgipmhr`crhdpcig'

Bp flrtp& pmh dcrdfh tmixf` oh uhrs tjbff ti pmbp pmh~hrtig cg pmh dhgprh ìht gip ebff uhrs ebr& oxp fbphrcp dbg ohdijh fbrkhr' Pmct ct cj~irpbgp eir oxcf`*cgk x~ digfl`hgdh' Dmbgkh ~hi~fh huhrs p{i jcg*xpht ir {mhghuhr pmh ~hg`xfxj {bgpt cp' Gi ightmixf` pbfa `xrcgk pmct h}hrdcth'

Ubrcbpcigt

Six dbg bfti ~fbs pmh kbjh {cpm lxtp pmrhh ~hi~fh< igh~fbshr ct khgpfs ~xtmh` obda bg` eirpm ohp{hhg p{iipmhrt'

OH DB_HEXF" Jbah txrh sixgkhr ~brpcdc~bgpt ì

gip khp iuhr h}dcph` bg` tpbrp ~xtmcgk {cf`fs'

^HG@XFXJ

Pmct ct b kii` {bs pi tpbrp {iracgk ig digfl`hgdh oxcf`cgk' Cp ct rhfbpcuhfstbeh& bg` ~brpcdc~bgpt dbg jiuh ig erij pmh ^hg`xfxj pi ipmhr h}hrdctht'

^rh~brbpcig

Six {cff ghh` b thp ie tprigk {ii`hg ~ifht -boixp 2'? jfigk bg` = dj pmcda#' Pmhrhtmixf` oh mbfe bt jbgs btpmhrh brh ~brpcdc~bgpt'

Mi{ cp {irat

Pmh pbta ct eir igh ~brpcdc~bgp&pmh {bfahr& pi {bfa b tmirp`ctpbgdh& erij tpbrp pi flgctm&

{cpmixp pixdmcgk pmh krixg`' Pmh krix~ tpbg`t cg p{i ri{t

ebdcgk hbdm ipmhr& eirjcgk bdirrcìr' Hbdm ~bcr ie i~~itcph~hi~fh mif`t igh ie pmh ~ifhtfhuhf ohp{hhg pmhj& bp pmh mhckmpie pmhcr mc~t' Pmhs jxtp mif`pmhj flrjfs {cpm oipm mbg`t'

Pikhpmhr& bff pmh ~bcrt {cff eirjtijhpmcgk fcah b mirc|igpbf fb`*`hr& {mcdm pmh {bfahr jxtp xth pi

{bfa ig'

Bt pmh {bfahr ~rikrhttht& ~ifht erij pmh obda ie pmhkrix~ dbg oh jiuh pi pmh erigp pi ahh~ pmcgkt jiucgk'@h~hg`cgk ig pmh tc|h ie pmh krix~& phg jhprht ct xtxbf*fs b kii` ctpbgdh eir pmh {mifh dixrth' Hbdm ~brpcdc~bgptmixf` oh pmh {bfahr igdh' Ce six ir pmh ~brpcdc~bgpt brh

{irrch` boixp tbehps& pmh ~ifht dbg bfti oh mhf` fi{hr'

PMH [BFAH_

Pmct ct uhrs kii` eir oxcf`cgk digfl`hgdh& bt hbdm {bfahr {cff khp b thgthie bdmchuhjhgp erij txddhh`cgk' Cp {irat ohtp {cpm 2>*28 ~hi~fh'


32/109

40

JIPCUBPCIG

DIGEC@HGDH

Six dbg ì pmct cgtc`h i ixptc`h& six lxtp ghh` b flj~fbpeij * txdm bt b ida i pbofh i bgspmcgk hfth pmbpmbt b mhckmp ie jih i fhtt 2'? j'

Igh ~bpcdc~bgp tpbg`t ig pmh ~fbpeij {cpm mct obdapi bp fhbtp hckmp dbpdmht {mi tpbg` `chdpfs cg eigpie pmh ~fbpeij' Pmh dbpdmht tpbg` dfithfs cg p{i i{t&tmixf`h pi tmixf`h' Hbdm i{ ebdht pmh ipmh {cpm b`ctpbgdh ohp{hhg pmhj ie boixp ;> dj'

Gi{ pmh dbpdmht pbah b tphb`s tpbgdh& bg` tphpdm ixppmhc bjt cg bg cgphfidacgk ~bpphg {cpm pmh ~hi~fhi~~itcph pmhj' Pmct eijt b acg` ie db`fh ie bjt'

Beph b tckgbf& bkhh` x~ig oheihmbg`& pmh ~htig igpmh ~fbpeij ì~t cgpi pmh bjt ie pmh dbpdmht' [cpmeif`h` bjt bg` phgtcgk mct i mh oi`s& pmh ebffhtmixpt _HB@S9 bg` pmh dbpdmht bgt{h _HB@S'

Pmh igh ebffcgk pmhg ì~t obda{b`t cgpi pmh bjt iepmh kix~'

OH DB_HEXF"

Pmct bdpcucps ghh`t dfith tx~huctcig' Ce pmh oi`sie pmh ebffcgk ~htig ct gip phgth& pmh jbcg {hckmpfbg`t cg pmh dhgph ie pmh db`fh' Cp ct pmhheih ohtpei pmh tpigkh ~hi~fh pi iddx~s pmith ~itcpcigt'^bpcdc~bgpt tmixf` hjiuh bff {bpdmht& lh{hffhsbg` kfbttht'

B JBPPH_ IE DIGEC@HGDH

Pmh dbpdmhrt jxtpkrc~ brjt flrjfs"

^h~bbpcig

Pmct ct bg h}hdcth ei ixpìit bg` cp {iat ohtp cg bdij~ixg` i ~ba {cpm b ubch` fbg`tdb~h& cgdfx`cgkphht& oxtmht& bg` xghuhg kixg`' Bt hrxc~jhgp six

{cff ghh` b i~h ohp{hhg 8> 2>> j figk& bg` ofcg`*eif`t ei bff pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt'

Mi{ cp {iat

Pmh figk i~h ct tphpdmh` ixp bg` pch` ohp{hhg

ubcixt ~icgpt cg pmh dij~ixg`& cg txdm b {bs pmbpcp mbgkt bp boixp {bctp mhckmp bg` dittht b ubchpsie kixg`' Cp dixf` oh pch` pi phht bg` ehgdh ~itptbg` ~btt bixg` iotpbdfht'

Pmh ~fbsht bh ofcgèif`h` bg` jxtp {bfa bfigkpmh dixth& mif`cgk pmh i~h' Pmhs tmixf` ahh~ bdhpbcg ctpbgdh eij hbdm ipmh' Pmh kbjh ct jihcgphgth {mhg pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt mbuh gip thhg pmhkixg` i pmh dixth oheih tpbpcgk& bg` ce pmhsjiuh cg tcfhgdh'

OH DB_HEXF"

Six tmixf` oh hb`s pi mhf~ pmh ~fbsht {mhghuhghdhttbs'

DIGEC@HGDH [BFA

Digfl`hgdh {bfa ct b ocp jih cefldxfp pi bbgkh pmbg pmh ipmh digfl`hgdhjhpmi`t& oxp cp ct b huhbfcgk h}hdcth& {mcdm jitp ~hi~fh hglis'

Pmct h}hdcth ct tckgcfldbgp ei oipm pmh dbpdmht& {mi dbs ht~igtcocfcps&bg` ei pmh ebffh& {mi jxtp oh bofh pi pxtp mct i mh diffhbkxht'


33/109

48

JI

PCUBPCIG

DIGEC@HGDH

Eir pmct kbjh six {cff ghh` pi jbah tijh ofcgèif`t'

Pmh krix~ tpbg`t cg fcgh pi eirj b tgbah' Huhrsighh}dh~p pmh flrtp ~hrtig cg pmh fcgh ct ofcgèif`h`' Pmct~hrtig `hdc`ht {mhrh pmh krix~ {cff ki bg` mi{ ebtp&

bg` mh ir tmh pmhg fhb`t pmhj' [mcfh pmhs brh {bfacgk&pmh thhcgk ~hrtig bp pmh mhb` ie pmh fcgh dbg pbfa pi pmhofcg` ~brpcdc~bgpt bg` `rb{ pmhcr bpphgpcig pi iotpbdfht'

Bephr boixp b jcgxph pmh flrtp ~hrtig tpi~t& kiht pi pmhhg` ie pmh tgbah& bg` ~xpt ig b ofcgèif`& {mcfh pmh~hrtig {mi ct gi{ bp pmh mhb` pbaht pmh fhb`' Pmh ipmhrtrhjbcg ofcgèif`h` xrcgk pmh dmbgkhiuhr'

OH DB_HEXF"

Six& pmh ebdcfcpbpir& jxtp {bpdm dbrhexffs' Six mbuh picgphruhgh ce pmhrh ct bgs `bgkhr pi pmh ofcgèif`h` ~br*pcdc~bgpt `xh pmh fhb`hrt fbda ie bpphgpcig'

OFCG@ TGBAH

Pmct kbjh jbaht ~hi~fh pbah rht~igtcocfcps eir ipmhrt * cp jbaht pmhj

fhb`hrt' Cp bfti eirdht pmh ipmhrt pi prxtp pmhcr fhb`hr

Pmct ct ohtp ìgh ig b ebcrfs fbrkh& bpt~bdh& txdm bt b ock fb{g'

Pmh ~brpcdc~bgpt eirj p{i ri{t i~*~itcph hbdm ipmhr& ~rhehrbofs {cpm ighhg` ie pmh ri{t ghbr pi b tph~' Pmhstpbg` uhrs dfith& tmixf`hr pi tmixf`hrbg` tprhpdm ixp pmhcr ebrjt {cpm pmh~bfjt ie pmhcr mbg`t ebdcgk x~{br`& tipmhs eirj bg bfphrgbph ~bpphrg {cpm pmhbrjt ie pmh ~hi~fh i~~itcph' Huhrsightmixf` tpbg` dfith& bg` flrjfs obfbgdh`

{cpm igh eiip thp obda'

Igh ~hrtig uifxgphhrt pi oh prbgt~irp*h`' [cpm eif`h` brjt bg` phgth oi`s&mh ir tmh fcht obda ig pmh ixptprhpdmh`brjt'

Pmh ipmhr ~brpcdc~bgpt jbah khgpfh& dcr*dxfbr {buh jiuhjhgpt {cpm pmhcr brjtpi jiuh pmh ~hrtig bfigk pmhcr fcgh iebrjt& fcah b diguhsir ohfp' Bp pmh ipmhrhg`& pmh uifxgphhr ct khgpfs thp ig pmhkrixg` bkbcg'

OH DB_HEXF"

^fbshrt tmixf` pbah iee bff {bpdmht& lh{hffhrs bg` kfbtthtoheirh pmh tpbrp ie pmh kbjh' Pmh tx~hructir mbt pi jbahtxrh pmhrh ct gi kb~ cg pmh ri{ bg` pmbp huhrsoi`s tpbg`ttmixf`hr pi tmixf`hr'

^BTTHGKH_ P_BGTÎ_P

Pmct ct tcjcfbr pi B Jbpphr ie Digfl`hgdh& bt cp cguifuht pmh dbrrchrtfhbrgcgk pi oh rht~igtcofh eir pmh ~btthgkhr'


34/109

45

JIPCUBPCIG

DIGEC@HGDH

Bg huhg gxjoh ie ~b pcdc~bgpt eij b dcdfh&ebdcgk cg{b`t bg` tpbg`cgk dfith pikhpmh& tmixf*`h pi tmixf`h& bg` {cpm mbg`t licgh`' Cg pxg&pmhs gi{ tbs bfix`& bfphgbphfs cgtc`h i ixp*tc`h& ti pmbp igh cgtc`h tpbg`t ohp{hhg p{iixptc`ht' [mhg huhsoi`s ct hb`s bg` tpbg`*cgk ecjfs ig pmh kixg`& pmh tx~hucti dixgptpi pmhh& pmhg pmh ~hi~fh cg pmh dcdfh fhbg cgtc`hi ixptc`h bddi`cgk pi pmhc ~itcpcig' Pmhc ehhp

`i gip jiuh& pmh obfbgdh ct ah~p ~xhfs {cpm pmhbjt' [cpm ~bdpcdh& cp ct ~ittcofh pi fhbg b figk

{bs'

Ubcbpcig

Ce pmh dcdfh ct tphb`s hgixkm& pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt dbgps pi dmbgkh `chdpcig {cpmixp fhppcgk ki ie hbdmipmht mbg`t'

FHBGCGK DC_DFHT

Pmh Fhbgcgk Dcdfh `b{t cpt obfbgdh eij hbdm ~htigt ht~igtcocfcps pitx~~ip pmh {mifh kix~' Pmct ct igfs ~ittcofh ce pmhs {ia pikhpmh' B dcdfhdbg cguifuh ohp{hhg 2> bg` ?> ~bpcdc~bgpt& oxp cp mbt pi oh bg huhg gxjoh'


35/109

4;

DIJJXGCDBPCIG

^rh~brbpcig

Six ghh` ~b~h pi jbah gipht& ~hmb~t ig b c~*dmbp& bg` six tmixf` oh ~h~bh` pi kcuh b oche~hthgpbpcig ie gip jih pmbg fluh i phg jcgxphtig pmh txolhdp cg rxhtpcig'

Mi{ cp {irat

Tph~ 2< Pbfa Phff pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt {mbp pmh gh{pi~cd {cff oh ei pmct thttcig& bg` bta pmhj pi eijtjbff ox|| kix~t -h'k' {cpm pmhc ghckmoixt pi

pmh fhep bg` ckmp# pi pbfa boixp pmhc i{g h}~hc*hgdht& `ctdxtt {mbp pmhs bfhb`s agi{ ie cp& bg`bcth rxhtpcigt' Kcuh pmhj fluh pi phg jcgxpht'

Tph~ ?< Cgeirjbpcig Gi{ cp ct six pxg' Kcuhpmh ~hthgpbpcig six mbuh ~h~bh` ig pmh txolhdp'Ahh~ cp oche bg` digdhgpbph ig pmh jbcg bt~hdpt'Mhf~ pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi xg`htpbg` os xtcgk `cb*kbjt bg` cffxtpbpcigt bt b~~i~cbph'

Tph~ 4< Thdig` pbfa Cg pmh tbjh tjbff kix~t&pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt gi{ dij~bh pmhc ~hucixt

agi{fh`kh {cpm pmh cgeijbpcig kcuhg os six' @ibgs rxhtpcigt hjbcg i mbuh gh{ ight bcthg9 Bhpmhh digpb`cdpcigt pi six h~ip9 Kcuh pmhj bg*ipmh fluh pi phg jcgxpht ei pmct'

Tph~ 0< ^fhgbrs `ctdxttcig Ecgbffs& pmh kix~ti~hg pmhc i{g pmixkmpt bg` c`hbt pi pmh fbkhkix~ bt b {mifh& ei b exff tdbfh `hobph' Cg ~bpcdx*fb& bgs ~iofhjt bg` xgbgt{hh` rxhtpcigt jxtpoh `hbfp {cpm' -Ei dmbccgk b fcuhfs ~fhgbs jhhp*cgk& thh pmh eiffi{cgk jhpmi`'#

TBG@[CDM PHDMGCRXH

Pmh gbjh dijht eij pmh ebdp pmbp pmh fltp pmhh tph~t bh fbc` ig ighbgipmh fcah pmh fbsht ie b tbg`{cdm' Bp pmh flgbf tph~& pmhs bh thuh` x~ igb ~fbph'

Xtht xJI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' x HGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ x MCU)BC@TCj~bdp x ^brpcdc~bgpt rhjhjohr pmhcr i{g h}~hrchgdht bg` h}ctpcgk agi{fh`kh rhfbph` pi b pi~cd' x ^brpcdc*

~bgpt krbt~ gh{ cgeirjbpcig' x ^brpcdc~bgpt dmhda pmh cgeirjbpcig bg` bttcjcfbph cp {cpm pmhcr i{gagi{fh`kh'

^brpcdc~bgpt+ digprcoxpcig `ceehrhgp

dixgprcht

C mbuhoripmhrt

bg` tctphrt

C fcah fctphgcgkpi pmh rb`ci

C fcah rhb`cgkpmh gh{t~b~hr

C fcah `icgk t~irpt

JH


44/109

05

UCTXBFCTBPCIG

^h~bbpcig

Six {cff ghh` bg b`hrxbph tx~~fs ie tjbff tpight ei pmctkbjh -`h~hg`cgk ig mi{ jbgs ~bpcdc~bgpt six mbuh *thh ohfi{#' Six dixf` khp pmhth eij pmh dij~ixg` iocgk pmhj {cpm six& oxp six jxtp jbah txh pmhs bhbff tcjcfb cg tc|h bg` dmbbdph' Oh hb`s {cpm ~fhgps iefbkh tmhhpt ie ~b~h& difixh` ~hgt bg` ipmh {cpcgkbg` ~bcgpcgk jbphcbft'

Mi{ cp {iat

T~fcp six ~bpcdc~bgpt cgpi tjbffh kix~t ie p{i i

pmhh& bg` kcuh hbdm kix~ igh ie pmh tpight' Bff pmhthtpight tmixf` oh tcjcfb cg tc|h bg` dmbbdph' Phff pmhkix~t pmbp pmhs {cff mbuh pi thff pmhc idat cg bg cj*bkcgbs jbahp~fbdh'

Six tmixf` bffi{ pmh kix~t phg jcgxpht ei ~fbg*gcgk bg` ~h~bcgk pmh jbahpcgk ie pmhc tpight -c'h'mi{ pmhs {cff ps pi digucgdh huhsigh hfth pi oxs pmhctpight#' Pmhg pmh kix~t mbuh fluh jcgxpht hbdm pi b`*`htt pmh ipmh ~bpcdc~bgpt& bg` ~ijiph pmh tpight'

Pmhs dbg xth {mbphuh jhbgt pmhs {bgp * ~itpht& bg*gixgdhjhgpt& `bjb& tigkt& bgspmcgk"# oxp ohb cg jcg`pmhs ì gip mbuh uhs jxdm pcjh pi ~h~bh'

Beph hbdm kix~ mbt ìgh pmhc bùhpctcgk& ~fbdh pmhtpight bixg` pmh iij' Six jxtp jbah txh pmbp hbdmtpigh ct dfhbfs c`hgpcflh` xtcgk b tckg {cpm pmh gbjht iepmh kix~ jhjoht' Gi{ pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt mbuh pi kibg` tpbg` ohtc`h pmh ~bpcdxfb tpigh {mcdm pmhs {ixf`dmiith pi ~xdmbth'

GIPH< ~bpcdc~bgpt bh gip bffi{h` pi dmiith pmhci{g"

Six& pmh ebdcfcpbpi& tmixf` ahh~ b hdi` ie pmh gxjohie oxsht hbdm tpigh bppbdpt& bg` bta pmh kix~t ieoxsht pi `ctdxtt bjigktp pmhjthfuht {ms pmhs mbuh

dmithg pmct ~bpcdxfb tpigh' [mhg pmh {mifh kix~ h*btthjofht& six tmixf` digpcgxh pmh `ctdxttcig ig pmhhbtigt ei ~hi~fht dmicdht' Pmct tmixf` fhb` cgpi b`ctdxttcig ig pmh `ceehhgp hfhjhgpt ie jbahpcgk c'h''^cdh& ~i`xdp& ~ijipcig& ~hthgpbpcig& b~~hbf -pi ~hi*~fht ghh`t bg` `htcht hpd'#

Ubcbpcigt

Ce pmhh bh gi tpight bubcfbofh& bgs iolhdp {cff i bt figkbt cp ct tijhpmcgk gip ps~cdbffs oixkmp i tif`' Ce pmhkix~ ct ebcfs tjbff& cg`cuc`xbft dbg jbahp pmhc i{gtpight'

JB_AHP ^FBDH

Pmct ct uhs {hff txcph` pi {iacgk ig hgph~hghxtmc~ bg` cgdijhkhghbpcig& oxp cp dbg bfti oh b kii` {bs pi {bj b kix~ x~ cg pmh i~hgcgk~mbth ie bgs pbcgcgk huhgp& bt cp ct tpcjxfbpcgk bg` pmixkmp ~iuiacgk'

Xtht x HGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^Cj~bdp x^bpcdc~bgpt ehhfcgkt ei dijjxgcdbpcig bg` thfe*digfl`hgdh bh tpcjxfbph` xT~hdcfld tacfft ei

thffcgk jbahpcgk bh ~bdpcth`'

^h~bbpcig

Six {cff ghh` b dhpbcg gxjoh ie ~cdpxht -h'k' ~itp*db`t& `b{cgkt i ~mipikb~mt# Six dbg khp pmhjeij gh{t~b~ht& jbkb|cght& i ~hmb~t eij pmhcgphghp' Pmh gxjoh ie ~cdpxht tmixf` oh bp fhbtp

hrxbf pi pmh gxjoh ie ~bpcdc~bgpt'

Mi{ cp {iat

^fbdh pmh ~cdpxht ig pmh ii ti pmbp huhsigh dbg

thh pmhj' Beph pmhs mbuh mb` boixp fluh jcgxpht pifiia bp pmhj& bta six ~bpcdc~bgpt pi dmiith igh ip{i ~cdpxht hbdm' Bta pmhj pi ~cda cjbkht {mcdm'''h}~htt ix pi~cd cg b ~bpcdxfb {bs& i tmi{

{mbp ct uhs cj~ipbgp ei six bp pmh jijhgp icffxtpbph {mbp six` fcah pi `ctdxtt pi`bs'

Six dbg xth igh ie pmhth rxhtpcigt& i six dbg btab `ceehhgp igh pmbp ct jih b~~i~cbph ei tpbp*cgk six ~bpcdxfb kix~ cg b ~bpcdxfb thttcig' Sixtmixf` igfs bta igh rxhtpcig& ohdbxth pmct jhpmi` ct

XTCGK ^CDPX_HT

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp xPmh ~bpcdc~bgpt khp pi agi{ hbdm ipmh ohpph' xPmh kix~ tpbpt b``httcgk b gh{ pi~cd' xPmh

ebdcfcpbpi dbg `ctthdp b pi~cd bg` eidxt ig dhpbcg bt~hdpt ie cp' x^bpcdc~bgpt ohkcg pi khghbphc`hbt ie pmhc i{g'


45/109

0;

UCTXBFCTBPCIG

`htckgh` pi kbpmh c`hbt pi eidxt ig igh ~iofhj'

Beph pmhs mbuh dmithg fhp pmhj mbuh bgipmh fluhjcgxpht bfigh pi eijxfbph pmhc dijjhgpt boixppmh ~cdpxh-t#' Gi{ dbg bta six ~bpcdc~bgpt ighbeph pmh ipmh pi dijh pi pmh eigp bg` ~hthgppmhc ~cdpxht' Pmhs tmixf` fltp tbs pmhc gbjht& pmhgh}~fbcg {ms pmhs dmith pmbp ~bpcdxfb ~cdpxh bg`

{mbp c`hbt bg` bttidcbpcigt cp dbxth`' Ce six kix~ct rxcph fbkh& six dbg `cuc`h cp cgpi txo*kix~t cg

{mcdm pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt dbg cgpi`xdh pmhjthfuhtbg` `ctdxtt pmh ~cdpxht' Hbdm kix~ tmixf` ~cdaigh ~htig pi ~hthgp b txjjbs ie pmhc c`hbt bg`pmixkmpt pi pmh ipmht'

[mbp six gi{ `i {cpm pmh htxfpt `h~hg`t ig mi{six {bgp pi ~idhh`'

H}bj~fh

Sixpm fhb`ht ie b `ctpcdp dijh pikhpmh ei b mbfe*`bs {iatmi~ pi `ctdxtt ~ittcofh dii~hbpcig cgtijh flhf`t ie {ia bt pmhh ct gip hgixkm jig*hs ei pmhj bff pi flgbgdh pmhc i{g ~ilhdpt' Pmhebdcfcpbpi `hdc`ht pi xth pmh ~cdpxht jhpmi` pi

tpbp pmcgkt iee' Mct rxhtpcig pi pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt ct>( bkhhjhgp i 2>>(`ctbkhhjhgp'

Mi{ cp {irat

H}~fbcg pmh db`t bg` ec} pmhj bp i~~itcph ~icgptcg pmh iij' Pmhg phff pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi cjbkcghb fcgh ohp{hhg pmhth ~icgpt& bg` tmi{ pmhj {mhh

pmh jc``fh ct' Pmct ct pmh tdbfh ei jhbtxcgk pmhh}phgp ie bkhhjhgp i `ctbkhhjhgp'

Ohkcg os hb`cgk ixp pmh fltp ie six ~h~bh` tpbph*jhgpt& bg` bta pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi ~itcpcig pmhjthfuht

bfigk pmh fcgh& bddi`cgk pi pmhc bkhhjhgp {cpm pmh

tpbphjhgp' -Pmh ixpdijh ct iephg b tx~ctcgkfs {c`hfst~hb` flhf`'# Gh}p& bta cg`cuc`xbft ei pmh hbtigt iepmhc ~itcpcig' Pmhs tmixf` bgt{h ochs' Cp ct xthexf pibta pmh ~hi~fh dfith pi pmh h}phjht ie bkhhjhgp i`ctbkhhjhgp fltp& bg` bfti pmith dfithtp pi pmh jc``fh'

Pmhg six h~hbp pmh h}hdcth {cpm six ipmh ~h~bh`tpbphjhgpt'

Cg pmct {bs six mbuh ~mstcdbffs `hjigtpbph` pmh ubc*hps ie i~cgcigt {cpmcg pmh kix~1 beph{b`t& six tmixf`digpcgxh {cpm b `ctdxttcig ie pmh htxfpt& hcpmh bt b

{mifh kix~ i cg tjbffh txo*kix~t' Bt {cpm pmh ~h*

ucixt jhpmi`& six dbg bfti jbah gipht {mcfh six ji`*hbph pmh `ctdxttcig& bg` xth pmhth pi tpcjxfbph expmh`ctdxttcig'

I^CGCIG TDBFH

Xtht x BGBFSTCGK DIGEFCDPTJI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp x^brpcdc~bgpt khp b dfhbr ~cdpxrh ie pmhcr i{g ~itcpcigt' x^brpcdc~bgpt fhbrg pi rhdikgcth ipmhrt

i~cgcigt' xPmh krix~ ~rbdpctht `hdctcig jbacgk'

Huhsigh mbt h}~hchgdh` ~cdpxht bg` agi{t mi{ fiiacgk bp pmhjdbg cj~htt xt cg `ceehhgp {bst' Pmhs dbg h}~htt ix pmixkmpt& flh ixcjbkcgbpcigt bg` t~ba gh{ c`hbt' Pmbp ct pmh ~cgdc~fh ohmcg` pmct jhpmi`'


46/109

0=

UCTXBFCTBPCIG

H}bj~fh

@xcgk b {iatmi~ ig tjbff oxtcghtt jbgbkhjhgp eisixpm kix~t pmh ebdcfcpbpi {bgpt pi `ctdxtt kxc`hfcghtei kii` ~htigghf jbgbkhjhgp& bg` `hdc`ht pi xth pmhI~cgcig tdbfh jhpmi`' Mh h}~fbcgt pmh ~idh`xh bg`xtht pmh eiffi{cgk tpbphjhgptjcgxpht'

_hdi` ht~igtht exffs' _hdi` six i{g iothubpcigt bt {hff& bt pmct ct

cj~ipbgp ei pmh fbph bgbfstct'

-Pmh cgphuch{ tmixf` gip igfs digdhgpbph ig pmhrxhtpcigt ohcgk btah`& oxp bfti ig pmh digph}p cg

{mcdm cp pbaht ~fbdh' Cp tmixf` hhdp {mhg bg` {mhhcp ct `igh' Pmct jhbgt six tmixf` giph pmh dcdxj*tpbgdht ie pmh cgphuch{ bfigktc`h pmh ht~igtht iepmh cgphuch{hh'#

THJC*TP_XDPX_H@ CGPH_UCH[

Xtht xBGBFSTCGK DIGEFCDPT xSIXPM B^^_BCTBF xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^Cj~bdp xB {c`h ubchps ie ~hi~fh bh hbdmh` bt tixdht ie hfhubgp cgeijbpcig& {mhg ~bpcdc~bgpt pbah

pmhc hthbdm cgpi pmh flhf`' xBg cgeijbf ehhf oxcf`t ht~ig`hgpt digfl`hgdh bg` {cffcgkghtt pidijjxgcdbph'

B eidxt kix~ `ctdxttcig ct bg ikbgcth` jhhpcgk ie x~ pi p{hgps ~hi~fhpi `ctdxtt b t~hdcfld pi~cd' Cg tijh {bst& cp ct fcah bg cgphuch{ {cpm jbgsht~ig`hgpt& bg` pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt jipcubph pmhjthfuht pi h}~bg` pmhc cg~xpt'Cp ct b xthexf jhpmi` ei kbcgcgk cgeijbpcig eij ~hi~fh {mi bh `chdpfsbeehdph` os pmh cttxh bp mbg`' Pmh ikbgctbpcig ct cj~ipbgp& bg` jbs oh`cefldxfp& oxp pmh acg` ie cgeijbpcig kbcgh` jbaht pmh heeip {ipm{mcfh'

_hthbdm ct iephg ghdhttbs xcgk oxtcghtt ~fbggcgk ~idhtt i& ei h}bj~fh&

`xcgk b ~bpcdc~bpis b~~bctbf' Xtcgk pmct tcj~fh phdmgcrxh& Pmh jhjohtie six kix~ dbg t~hg` tijh pcjh dig`xdpcgk pmhc hthbdm cg`h~hg`hgpfs{cpmcg b dijjxgcps' Pmh flg`cgkt {cff oh tmbh` bp b fbph tpbkh& bg` digpcoxphpi pmh digphgp ie b {iatmi~' Pmhth kxc`hfcght ei cgphuch{cgk bh mhf~exf&

{mbphuh pmh bdpxbf txolhdp six bh hthbdmcgk'


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Pmh jbahp txuhs ct b uctcp pi bg bdpxbf jbahp i b~bp ie b fbkh jbahp& ei six ~bpcdc~bgpt pi io*thuh bg` cgphuch{ ipmh sixgk ~hi~fh boixp pmhbdpcucpcht pmhs bh cguifuh` cg' Pmh h}hdcth ct ohtp`cuc`h` cgpi pmhh tpbkht'

2# ^rh~brbpcig

Bt pmct ct flhf` {ia& pmh jhjoht ie pmh kix~ {mi{cff dbs cp ixp jxtp agi{ h}bdpfs {mbp pmhs bh ì*

cgk' Ei pmct hbtig& pmh jbahp txuhs ohkcgt {cpm b`ctdxttcig ie pmh iolhdpcuht bg` pmh jhpmi`t ie pmhbdpcucps' Ectp `hdc`h pikhpmh {mcdm jbahp {cff oh

uctcph`' Cp jckmp oh fidbf i cg b `ceehhgp ucffbkh ipi{g' @cuc`h pmh kix~ cgpi Iothuht bg` Cgph*

uch{ht& bg` kcuh hbdm kix~ cgtpxdpcigt ig pmhcifhtjcgxpht' Jipcubph pmh {mifh kix~ pi dijh x~ {cpmc`hbt' Phff pmhj< Pmh db|ch pmh c`hbt& pmh ohpph' Pmhstmixf` tmixp ixp hbdm c`hb fix`fs& pmh jijhgp cp iddxtpi pmhj& bg` pmhs tmixf` ps bg` tpcda pi tcgkfh {i`t i

tmip ~mbtht' [cph huhspmcgk ì{g& botifxphfs huhs*pmcgk" Six bttctpbgp dbg ì pmct& {mcfh six bh digpif*fcgk pmh tcpxbpcig'

[mhg six thh pmbp pmh kix~ mbt h}mbxtph` cpthfe eib jijhgp& kcuh pmhj b ohba ie boixp pmhh jcgxpht'

Pmhg mif` b thdig` thttcig ie boixp 8 pi 2> jcgxpht'Bp pmh hg`& bff ~bpcdc~bgpt {cff oh uhs tx~cth` bp pmhgxjoh ie c`hbt ~i`xdh` * bg` bjxth` bt {hff'

CJÎ_PBGP"

Beph obcgtpijcgk& b figkh ohba ct htthgpcbf' @i giptpbp bg cjjh`cbph b~~bctbf ie pmh c`hbt'

O_BCGTPI_JCGK

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp xBt jbgs c`hbt bt ~ittcofh brh khghrbph` brixg` b dhgprbf ~riofhj

Obcgtpijcgk ct igh ie pmh jitp ~i~xfb bg` dhbpcuh phdmgcrxht sixdbg xth' B kix~ dbg dijh x~ {cpm b uhs fbkh gxjoh ie c`hbt cg b tmippcjh' Jitp ~hi~fh mbuh pbahg ~bp cg b obcgtpijcgk thttcig oheih& bg`pmhheih agi{ mi{ cp {iat' Oxp cp ct h}~fbcgh` mhh cg `hpbcf& ohdbxth six&pmh ebdcfcpbpi& mbuh pi hgtxh pmbp cp ct igh ~i~hfs& bg` pmbp gip b tcgkfh c`hbct fitp'

^rh~brbpcig

Huhs ~bpcdc~bgp {cff ghh` ~b~h bg` ~hg' Ce ~it*tcofh& `cuc`h pmh {mifh kix~ cgpi kix~t ie tc}& hbdm

{cpm cpt i{g {iacgk bhb'

Mi{ cp {irat

[cph ixp pmh ~iofhj cg ~hdcth phjt& bg` `ct~fbs cp

tijh{mhh ~ijcghgp cg pmh iij& ei bff pi thh'

H}bj~fh< [mbp dbg {h ì pi cgdhbth pmh gxjohjhjoht cg ix sixpm kix~9

Bta pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi pbah b tmhhp ie ~b~h bg` b{b pbofh {cpm pmhh difxjgt bg` tc} i{t' Pmhg h}~fbcg

{mbp pmhs mbuh pi ì< Cg pmh t~bdh ie fluh jcgxpht&hbdm ~htig tmixf` pmcga ie pmhh ~ittcofh bgt{ht

5 * 4 * 8

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp xJbgs kii` c`hbt brh khghrbph` brixg` b dhgprbf ~riofhj


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KH

GH_BPCGKC@HBT

pi pmh ~iofhj& {mcdm pmhs {cph ì{g cg pmh pmhht~bdht ie pmh fltp i{ ie pmhc pbofh' Tcgkfh {i`t bhgip hgixkm1 pmhs jxtp eijxfbph pmhc c`hbt& bt ochsbt ~ittcofh& shp xg`htpbg`bofs& cg p{i i pmhh thg*phgdht' Expmhjih& pmh tmixf` ps bg` xth pmhc ohtpmbg`{cpcgk' [mhg pmhs bh hb`s& fhp pmhj tpbp'

Pcjh pmh fluh jcgxpht dbhexffs& pmhg phff pmh ~b*pcdc~bgpt pi ~btt pmhc ~b~ht pi pmh ~htig ig pmhcckmp cg pmhc kix~' Gi{ six ohkcg b thdig` ixg`

{mhh bkbcg& hbdm ~htig eijxfbpht pmhh c`hbt' Pmhs

tmixf` ehhf ehh pi xth pmh hbfch c`hbt ig pmh ~b~h picgt~ch pmhj pi `huhfi~ pmhj& i pmhs jbs b`` dij*~fhphfs gh{ c`hbt' Six h~hbp pmct fluh*jcgxph ~id*htt tc} pcjht& xgpcf hbdm ~htig mbt mct i mh ickcgbf~b~h hpxgh`'

Pmh htxfp {cff oh tc} ~bkht& hbdm digpbcgcgk 2= c`hbt-i `hcubpcigt ie c`hbt#& ti hbdm kix~ ie tc} mbteijxfbph` 2>= c`hbt ei ~ittcofh tifxpcigt pi pmhickcgbf ~iofhj'

5 * 4 * 8 -digpcgxh`#

TC] ~hi~fh hbdm `huhfi~ PM_HH c`hbt cg ECUH jcgxpht' Pmxt& pmh gbjhie pmh jhpmi` digpbcgt pmh ~ijcth ie txddhtt' Tc} ct digtc`hh` pmh ohtptc|h` kix~ ei cp pi {ia' Pmh jhpmi` ct fcah Obcgtpijcgk cg b {cpphg eij* bg` cp ct jih i`hfs' Pmh bùbgpbkh iuh obcgtpijcgk ct pmbp pmh c`hbt bhbfhb`s eijxfbph` bg` pi tijh h}phgp `huhfi~h` os pmh hg` ie pmh thttcig'

Pmh `ctbùbgpbkh ct pmbp pmhh bh gip bt jbgs'

^h~bbpcig

Six ghh` b fbkh {cpcgk txebdh boixp p{cdh pmh

tc|h xth` ei Obcgtpijcgk& bg` bkbcg six tmixf`

b~~icgp bg bttctpbgp pi {cph ì{g pmh c`hbt'

Mi{ cp {iat

[cph ixp pmh ~iofhj ti bff dbg thh cp ig six {cpcgk

oib`' Pmhg bta pmh kix~ pi h}~htt pmh h}bdp

i~~itcph * c'h' pi pxg pmh {mifh ~iofhj ig cpt mhb`'

Ei h}bj~fh& ce pmh ickcgbf rxhtpcig ct< [mbp ì

{h ghh` pi ì pi ikbgcth ix fltp BC@T B{bhghtt

@bs9& pmhg pmh i~~itcph {ixf` oh< [mbp ì {h

ghh` pi ì pi jbah ix BC@T B{bhghtt @bs b

dij~fhph i~9 Six dbg oh txh pmbp six kix~

{cff oh uhs bjxth` os pmct& bg` {cff kbpmh ~fhgps ie

c`hbt pi t~icf pmh huhgp'

Pmh gh}p tph~ ct pi dig`xdp b exff bg` ~i~h

obcgtpijcgk ei pmh gh{& x~tc`h*ì{g ~iofhj'

Beph pmh obcgtpijcgk& six cguhp pmh {mifh pmcgk

bkbcg os btacgk pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi `hflgh pmh h}bdp

i~~itcph ei hbdm ie pmh c`hbt six mbuh hdi h`'

[cph ì{g pmhth bgt{ht ghb pmh ickcgbft' Six

{cff gi{ mbuh b fip ie bgt{ht ei six ickcgbf

~iofhj'

MHB@TPBG@

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp xBt jbgs c`hbt bt ~ittcofh bh khghbph` bixg` b dhgpbf oxp jih `cefldxfp ~iofhj'

Pmct jhpmi` ct uhs xthexf ei flg`cgk tifxpcigt pi ~iofhjt {mcdm bhdij~fhphfs gh{ pi pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt' Cp ct obth` ig pmh ebdp pmbp& {mhg ebdh` {cpm

pmh xgagi{g& ~hi~fh dbg uhs iephg h}~htt pmhc ehbt bg` digdhgt jihhbtcfs pmbg ~itcpcuh bgt{ht' Cp ct cgpckxcgk& bg` iephg bjxtcgk ei pmith {mixth cp& ti cp dbg mhf~ cgdhbth jipcubpcig {mcfh ~iofhj*tifucgk'

^h~bbpcig

Six {cff ghh` b fbkh gxjoh ie mbg`*tc|h` db`t -db`

ct ohpph pmbg ~b~h ei pmct jhpmi`#& bg` tpcdacgk pb~hi `b{cgk ~cgt' ^h~bh six rxhtpcigt cg bùbgdh& ce~ittcofh bfhb`s {cpphg ig pmh ~bkht ie b c~dmbp'

RXHTPCIG DB_@T

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp xExff ~bpcdc~bpcig ct hgdixbkh`' x[hff eijxfbph` bg` iephg ohpph cgeijh` tifxpcigt pi ~iofhjt

bh ~i`xdh`'


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^h~bbpcig

Jbah txh pmbp bff pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt mbuh pmh dmbgdh pi

fiia bp bff pmh c`hbt bkbcg' Pmhs tmixf` tpcff oh mbgk*cgk ig pmh {bff' ^hmb~t six tmixf` {cph pmhj ixpbkbcg jih ghbpfs pmbg oheih' Six dbg bfti {cphpmhj ig db`t {mcdm six t~hb` bditt pmh ii'

Mi{ cp {iat

Pbah p{i dfhbg tmhhpt ie ~b~h bg` `b{ b ock !

ig igh bg` b * ig pmh ipmh' Phff pmh kix~ pmbppmhth bh pmh dbphkicht pmhs {cff xth pi th~bbph pmhkii` c`hbt eij pmh ob`'

Gi{ pbah pmh fltp ie pmh c`hbt& bg` hb` cp ixp fix`'

D_CPCDCTJ IE C@HBT

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp xC`hbt bg` tifxpcigt bh hubfxbph`1 igfs pmith pmbp hbffs jbah thgth bg` bh {ipm ~xtxcgk hjbcg'

Mi{ cp {iat

Six bggixgdh pmh txolhdp ei `ctdxttcig& bg`{cph cp tijh{mhh {mhh huhsigh dbg thh cp' Cp ctjxdm ohpph pi eijxfbph pmh pi~cd bt b rxhtpcig

{mcdm dixf` fhb` pi b digphgpcixt `ctdxttcig' Eih}bj~fh& bpmh pmbg tbscgk Ix pi~cd ct {ijhgtckmp pi {ia& bg` cpt heehdpt ig Becdbg dxfpxh&six dixf` bta pmh rxhtpcig< Ct pmh cgdhbth`gxjoh ie {ijhg cg exff pcjh hj~fisjhgp `h*tpiscgk ix pb`cpcigbf ebjcfs tpxdpxht9 H}*~fbcg pi six kix~ pmbp pmhs {cff gi{ mbuh pi

`hobph pmh jbpph& bg` pmbp hbdm ie pmhj jxtphgph bt b tx~~iph i b dcpcd ie pmh c`hb' Pmhsjxtp ecg` bg` xth bt jbgs bkxjhgpt bt ~ittcofhcg pmhc `hobph'

Gi{ six `cuc`h pmh kix~ cg p{i& oxp gip bd*di`cgk pi pmhc dmicdh& bpmh os dixgpcgk iee i`b{cgk fipt' Igh kix~ jxtp oh ~i& pmh ipmhdigpb' Cp ct bg htthgpcbf ~bp ie pmct jhpmi`pmbp pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt mbuh pi pmcga bg` bkxh eib dbxth i i~cgcig {mcdm ct gip ghdhttbcfs pmhci{g'

Bffi{ pmh p{i kix~t phg i ecephhg jcgxpht pidiffhdp pmhc pmixkmpt bg` ~h~bh pmhc bkx*

jhgpt' [mhg pmhs hpxg pi pmh iij& pmhs tmixf`tcp ì{g ig i~~itcph hbdm ipmh -cg i{t i p{ithjc*dcdfht'#

Gi{ cp ct six lio pi dmbc b fcuhfs ~i bg` digpb`hobph' Ps gip pi fhp cp ki ig figkh pmbg 4> jcg*xpht' B kii` {bs pi tpbp ct ei igh jhjoh iehbdm kix~ pi kcuh b tmip iuhuch{ ie pmh bkx*jhgpt pmhs mbuh eijxfbph`' Pmhg pmh ipmh ~b*pcdc~bgpt tmixf` mbuh pmhc tbs' Oh tpcdp bg` jbahtxh pmbp beph igh ~htig mbt t~iahg& b jhjohie pmh ipmh kix~ pmhg khpt pi t~hba'

Bt {cpm ipmh `ctdxttcig jhpmi`t& mhh pii cp ctkii` pi ahh~ gipht ie pmh pmcgkt pmbp bh tbc`'

Pmhs dbg thuh bt pmh obtct ei expmh {ia bg``ctdxttcig beph pmh `hobph'

CJÎ_PBGP"

Bt pmh ebdcfcpbpi& six tmixf` jbah b ~icgp ie ie*ecdcbffs hfhbtcgk pmh kix~t eij pmh ifht pmhsmbuh pbahg ig os dmbgdh' Cp ct bfti mckmfs hdij*jhg`h` pi eiffi{ pmct `hobph {cpm b `hochecgkthttcig& bg` pmhg b figk ohba'

^_I BG@ DIGP_B

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp x^bpcdc~bgpt `ctdiuh `ceehhgp bt~hdpt ie igh pi~cd' xPmhs ~bdpcth pmhc tacfft ie digdhgpbpcig bg`

bpcdxfbpcig' xPmhs fhbg pi ~xp pmhjthfuht cg ipmht tmiht bg` thh pmhc tc`h ie bg bkxjhgp'

Pmct ct b ~i{hexf bg` pmixkmp ~iuiacgk h}hdcth& {mcdm dijocghthfhjhgpt ie ifh ~fbscgk {cpm pmh ~idhtt ie `ctdxttcig bg` `hdctcig jbacgk'Cp bf{bst {ipm xtcgk ce pmh pi~cd ct bp bff digphgpcixt' Pmh jhpmi` ìht gipghh` jxdm t~hdcbf ~h~bbpcig& ti cp dbg oh xth` hbtcfs cg `cuhth tcpxbpcigt'

@HDCTCI

GJBACGK


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@HDCTCIG

JBACGK

^rh~brbpcig

Pmh c`hbt tmixf` oh `ct~fbsh` ig db`t i tmhhpt ie~b~h& hcpmh bppbdmh` pi pmh {bff i t~hb` bditt pmh

ii'

Mi{ cp {irat

H}~fbcg pi pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt pmbp hbdm ie pmhj mbt fluh~icgpt pi b{b` pi pmh c`hb i c`hbt pmhs ~heh' Pmhsjbs `cuc`h pmhc ~icgpt bt pmhs {ctm& ei h}bj~fhb{b`cgk fluh ~icgpt pi b tcgkfh c`hb& i tcgkfh ~icgptpi fluh c`hbt& i bgs dijocgbpcig pi pmh jb}cjxj iefluh ~icgpt'

Pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt tmixf` gi{ b{b` pmhc ~icgpt os

pbacgk b ~hg bg` jbacgk pmh b~~i~cbph tmhhpt i

db`t {cpm ipt i dittht hpd' Cp ct cj~ipbgp pmbp huh*sigh eiffi{t pmh xfht< pmhs tmixf` {ia cg`h~hg`*hgpfs ie pmh ipmht& bg` gip bffi{ pmhjthfuht pi ohcgxhgdh`1 bg` pmhs tmixf` oh mightp& igfs b{b`cgk

fluh ~icgpt'

[mhg huhsigh ct flgctmh`& pmh ~icgpt bh dixgph`&bg` pmh jitp ~i~xfb c`hbt dbg oh digtc`hh` pmhdiffhdpcuh dmicdh ie pmh kix~ bg` pmhheih pmh ~h*ehh` dixth ie bdpcig'

Ubrcbpcig

Pmh uipcgk dbg oh jb`h jih cgphhtpcgk os xtcgkohb`t i tjbff tpight pi ~cfh ig pmh ii' Pmct bftihgtxht pmbp hbdm ~htig igfs b{b`t fluh ~icgpt'

B[B_@CGK ÎCGPT

Xtht x JI@H_BPCGK @CTDXTTCIGT h'k' xHGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^ xMCU)BC@TCj~bdp xB ~rbdpcdbf dixrth ie bdpcig {cff oh dmithg erij b rbgkh ie i~pcigt' xPmh krix~ {cff btthtt pmh

fcahfs heehdpt ie pmh bdpcigt pmhs dmiith'

B{b cgk ~icgpt ct ~iobofs pmh hbtchtp bg` jitp ioucixt {bs pi hphjcghpmh ohtp c`hbt eij b fctp ie bfphgbpcuht'

Bta pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt cg {mcdm dbphkis pmhs {ixf`~xp cp' Mi{huh& ì gip bddh~p bgs rxcda bgt{ht'

Pmh bcj ie pmh jhpmi` ct& beph bff& pi dcpcdcth pmhc`hbt' Bta pmh hbtigt ei pmhc `hdctcig& bg` jbahtxh pmbp thuhbf ~hi~fh t~hba' [mhg six bh tbpct*flh` pmbp huhsigh jih i fhtt bkhht& {cph ì{gpmh c`hb ig pmh b~~i~cbph tmhhp& i fl} pmh ~h~bh`db` pi pmh {bff ohghbpm pmh ht~hdpcuh tckg' -Pmct cthbtch bg` jbaht pmh ~idhtt jih pbgkcofh' Six dbgbfti dmbgkh six jcg` fbph#'

îdhh` pi ì pmh tbjh {cpm bff pmh c`hbt' Tijh{cff oh rxcda pi `hdc`h& ipmht jbs pbah figkh' Sixtmixf` jbah txh pmhh ct ~fhgps ie pcjh1 pmh `hdc*tcigt bh cj~ipbgp'

Giph

[mbp six bg` pmh kix~ gi{ ì {cpm pmh dmithgkii` c`hbt `h~hg`t ig {mbp six ickcgbf ~x~ithei pmh h}hdcth {bt' Ce pmh cgphgpcig {bt pi diffhdpc`hbt hb`s pi xth fbph cg bg bdpcucps -txdm bt cg pmhhbfch h}bj~fh& pi ikbgcth bg BC@T b{bhghtt `bs#&pmhg pmh {ia ct flgctmh` ei gi{' Bfphgbpcuhfs& sixjbs {bgp pi xth pmh c`hbt cjjh`cbphfs pi ~idhh`

{cpm b oxgcgk cttxh -h'k' bctcgk pmh exg`t pi flg*ctm oxcf`cgk pmh sixpm dhgph'# Six gh}p `ctdxttcigjckmp oh ig mi{ pi ~xp pmh c`hbt cgpi heehdp1 {mi

{cff ì {mbp bg` {mhg& hpd'

D_CPCDCTJ IE C@HBT -digpcgxh`#

Jhpmi`t fcah Obcgtpijcgk bg` 5*4*8 {cff ~iobofs fhbuh six kix~{cpm pii jbgs c`hbt' Jbgs jbs oh cj~bdpcdbf& i lxtp ~fbcg tcffs' Pmct bg` pmheiffi{cgk jhpmi`t bh {bst ie h`xdcgk pmh txkkhtpcigt pi pmh jitp thgtcofh'Oheih six tpbp bg btthttjhgp& cp ct uhs cj~ipbgp pmbp six tmixf` mbuh b figkohba ohp{hhg pmh khghbpcig bg` dcpcdctj' Ei h}bj~fh& six dixf` dijhobda pi cp beph fxgdm'


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Mi{ cp {iat

H}~fbcg pmh phdmgcrxh dbhexffs oheih dbscgk cp ixp'Pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt {cff xth b kc` pi lx`kh pmh ubcixti~pcigt {cpm hbdm ipmh& igh*os*igh' Ei hbdm dij*~bctig pmhs `hdc`h {mcdm ie pmh p{i i~pcigt ct jihcj~ipbgp& bg` bttckg b tdih pi tmi{ mi{ jxdmjih cj~ipbgp cp ct'

Ectp ie bff& bttckg b fhpph pi hbdm i~pcig& pmhg xthpmhth i~pcigt bt six i{ bg` difxjg mhb`cgkt'Ditt ixp bff pmh dhfft ig pmh pbofh {mhh bg i~pcig

i~~itht cpthfe * c'h' pmh `cbkigbf xggcgk eij pmh pi~fhep pi pmh oippij ckmp' Bfti ditt ixp dhfft ig pmhpbofh {mhh six {cff oh `x~fcdbpcgk b dij~bctig -pmhdhfft ohfi{ pmh `cbkigbf'#

Gi{& cg hbdm ie pmh hjbcgcgk dhfft& dij~bh pmh i~*pcig cg pmh i{ {cpm pmh igh cg pmh difxjg' @hdc`h

{mcdm ie pmh p{i i~pcigt ct jih cj~ipbgp' [cph`i{g pmh fhpph ie pmh jih cj~ipbgp i~pcig cg pmhdhff& bg` tdih pmh `ceehhgdh cg cj~ipbgdh eij > pi4 -> : gi `ceehhgdh& 4 : jbli `ceehhgdh#' Ecgbffs&

{ia ixp pmh htxfpt os b``cgk x~ pmh pipbf ie bff pmhubfxht ei hbdm ie pmh i~pcigt'

H}bj~fh

B sixpm kix~ cguifuh` cg ohh ahh~cgk ct fiiacgk ei {bst pi h}~bg` cpt oxtcghtt' Pmhs mbuh fcjcph` h*tixdht& oxp pmhs mbuh khghbph` pmhc c`hbt bg` pmhgh`xdh` pmhj pi pmh eiffi{cgk i~pcigt#

Eidxt Krix~ @ctdxttcig -~83#

Jbrahp txruhs -~52#

Uhgg @cbkrbj -~5?#

^brpcdc~bpirs B~~rbctbf

^B_PCDC^BPI_S

B^^_BCT

BF

Ji`hrbpcgk-THH ^B_P IGH#

Bdpcucpcht

JIPCUBPCIG@BPB DIFFHDPCIG


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Bt {bt lxtp jhgpcigh`& pmh ~idhtt tmixf` oh {hff ~fbggh`' Pi cgdfx`h bff ie pmhth `bpbdiffhdpcig jhpmi`t {cf f pbah six thuhbf `bst' Six tmixf` agi{ oheih six tpbp mi{ figksix {cff bffi{ ei hbdm h}hdcth& bg` {mhg cg six pcjhpbofh hbdm {cff oh xth`' Pmct ct cj*~ipbgp& bt ikbgctbpcig ct bf{bst pmh ahs pi txddhtt'

Bfigktc`h ikbgctbpcig& jipcubpcig ct bfti htthgpcbf' B ~bpcdc~bpis b~~bctbf tmixf` ohexg ei bff cguifuh`' Cp tmixf` gip thhj fcah `ceecdxfp {ia' Pi ahh~ x~ pmh hgpmxtcbtj iesix ~bpcdc~bgpt& six tmixf` xth ~fhgps ie pmh cdh ohbaht bg` hghkctht cgdfx`h` cg pmhectp thdpcig ie ^bp P{i' Cp ct ~iobofs bfti xthexf pi `huiph tijh pcjh pi pmh dijjxgcdb*pcig& dii~hbpcig bg` digec`hgdh*oxcf`cgk jhpmi`t bt {hff' Pmhth bh bfti exg& bg` pmhsdbg mhf~ ~h~bh ~bpcdc~bgpt jhgpbffs ei `bpb diffhdpcgk bdpcucpcht cg pmh echf`& txdm btcgphuch{t bg` pmh jbahp txuhs'

^brpcdc~bpirs B~~rbctbf

^B_

PCDC^BPI_S

B^^_BC TBF


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HGMBGDCGK FCUHFCMII@TPM_IXKM HGP_H^_HGHX_TMC^

B tmirp kxc`h pi mhf~cgk sixgk ~hi~fh cj~riuh pmhcr fcuht os khghrbpcgk

pmhcr i{g cgdijh

[ms hgprh~rhghxrtmc~9

Mi{ pi ohdijh bg hgprh~rhghxr

Ps~ht ie oxtcghtt

@huhfi~jhgp ie oxtcghtt c`hbt

Jbrahp rhthbrdm)bgbfstct

Jbrahpcgk

Ditpcgk % ~rcdcgk

Exg`cgk

Tbucgk

Pmh oxtcghtt ~fbg

Cgdijht bg` Hgprh~rhghxrtmc~

CGDIJH

KHGH_BPCIG


78/109


79/109

=2


CGDIJH

KHGH_BPCIG

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Bfpmixkm six ~bpcdc~bgpt bh xgfcahfs pi oh bofh pi tpbp x~ bfbkh oxtcghtt& hj~fiscgk jbgs {iaht& cp ct ghuhpmhfhtt cj*~ipbgp pmbp pmhs xg`htpbg` tijh ie pmh `ceehhgdht ohp{hhg

`ceehhgp acg`t ie oxtcghtt' Pmct {cff mhf~ pmhj digtc`hbofs cgpmh khghbpcig ie `ceehhgp c`hbt ei oxtcghttht'

Pmhh bh `ceehhgp {bst ie `htdcocgk oxtcghttht hj~fishht# Jh`cxj oxtcghtt -82 * 2>> hj~fishht# Fbrkh -iuh 2>> hj~fishht#

Bddi`cgk pi ps~h

Bkrcdxfpxrbf oxtcghtt& ~i`xdcgk kii`t eij ebjcgk bdpcucpcht& {mcdm dbg oh tif` `chdpfs ipmixkm pb`ht

Jbgxebdpxrcgk oxtcghttht& jbacgk t~hdcfld cphjt pi thff pi dxtpijht -hcpmh pi pb`ht i`chdpfs pi pmh xtht#

Thrucdh oxtcghttht& thffcgk pcjh bg` tacfft pi exfflf ipmht ghh`t -h'k' h~bccgk ocdsdfht& ps~cgkfhppht#

Prb`h ir rhpbcf oxtcghttht& thffcgk ~i`xdpt ipmht mbuh jb`h'

Ipmh dfbttcecdbpcigt dbg oh xth`& obth` ig pmh jbgbkhjhgp tpxdpxh' Ei h}bj~fh b di*i~hbpcuh dixf` cguifuh ecephhg sixgk ~hi~fh {cpm hrxbf dijjcpjhgp bg` fcbocfcps cg b tjbffoxtcghtt& {mcfh b jh`cxj*tc|h` oxtcghtt jckmp oh {miffs ecgbgdh` os igh ~htig {mi hj*

~fist ipmht pi jhhp pmh `hjbg`t ie pmh i~hbpcig'

[mhg cg`cuc`xbft i b kix~ `hdc`h pmhs `i ~itthtt pmh obtcdtacfft bg` pbfhgp pi tpbp x~ b tjbff oxtcghtt& pmh jitp cj~i*pbgp pmcgk pmhg& ie dixth& ct pi agi{ h}bdpfs {mbp oxtcghtt pixg`hpbah' Bp pmct tpbkh& six bt b ebdcfcpbpi jxtp hgdixbkhpmh {c`htp ~ittcofh `ctdxttcig ie pmh `ceehhgp i~~ipxgcpcht'

Bt cggiubpcig ct igh ie pmh ahs bt~hdpt ie txddhttexf oxtcghtt&six kix~ jhjoht jxtp gi{ dijh x~ {cpm ~fhgps ie c`hbt& bgpmhs tmixf` gip oh bebc` ce tijh thhj tpbgkh' Pmct ct b ps~cdbf h}*

hdcth ei xtcgk phdmgcrxht fcah obcgtpijcgk' Beph bg bdpcuh bg`dhbpcuh thttcig ie khghbpcgk c`hbt& fbkh gxjoh ie txkkhtpcigt {cffmbuh pi oh h}bjcgh` jih dcpcdbffs& xtcgk pmh `hdctcig jbacgk phdm*gcrxht fctph` hbfch'

P~ht ie oxtcghtt

DIJJXGCDBPCIG

UCTXBFCTBPCIG

@huhfi~cgk oxtcghttc`hbt

KHGH_BPCGK C@HBT

@HDCTCIG JBACGK


80/109

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Kii` c`hbt

Kii` oxtcghtt c`hbt bh obth` ig pmh eiffi{cgk& tcj~fh dcphcb

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Gi{ pmh kix~ dbg tpbp tijh hg*ph~cth {cpmixp mbucgk pi b~~ibdmb obga ei dh`cp -i ce cp b~~fcht eidh`cp gi{& cp {cff oh jxdm jih fcahfspi khp cp& bt pmh sixpmt mbuh tmi{g pmbppmhs bh db~bofh ie tbucgk#'

Bfphgbpcuhfs& pmh kix~ dbg tpbp kcu*cgk ixp fibgt pi pmhc jhjoht' -Bp pmhtbjh pcjh& pmh gijbf {hhafs jhhpcgktdigpcgxh& {mcdm jhbgt pmh db~cpbf dig*

pcgxht pi cgdhbth#'

Pmh kix~ tmixf` thp dig`cpcigt eifibgt txdm bt~idhh`& pmh kix~ {cff bddxjxfbphjih bg` jih db~cpbf ei tpbpcgk hg*ph~ctht i kcucgk ixp fibgt' Cg pcjh&pmh dig`cpcigt dbg oh dmbgkh`& h'k' pmhbjixgpt ei fibgt dbg oh cgdhbth` i

b tjbff cgphhtp bph dbg oh thp'

Pmhh {cff bfhb`s oh bttidcbpcigt lxtpfcah pmct cg six bhb' Ecg` ixp jiheij pmhj' Pmhs bh pmh h}~hpt"


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Pmh oxtcghtt ~fbg ct bg htthgpcbf ìdxjhgp ei bgs hgph~h*ghx' Cp txjjbctht pmh {mifh uhgpxh bg` eidht mcj i mhpi oh uhs ikbgcth`' Bgs ~iphgpcbf t~igtit i fhg`ht {cffghh` pi thh b oxtcghtt ~fbg oheih pmhs bkhh pi khp cguifuh`cg b oxtcghtt' Hgdixbkh six ~bpcdc~bgpt pi thh pmct bt pmhjitp cj~ipbgp tpbkh cg pmh oxtcghtt ~idhtt& bg` b acg` iehdb~cpxfbpcig ie bff pmhs mbuh `ctdxtth` bg` h}~hchgdh` {mcfhtpbpcgk pmhc oxtcghtt-ht#'

B oxtcghtt ~fbg ct b {cpphg txjjbs ie b ~i~ith` oxtcghtt' Cp cgdfx`ht bff cgeijbpcigboixp pmh ~fbggh` i~hbpcigt& bff ecgbgdcbf `hpbcft& bg` {cff h}~fbcg pmh i~~ipxgcpcht bg`tpbphkcht bt pmhs mbuh ohhg btthtth` bg` htpbofctmh` pmixkm pmh jbahp hthbdm' B oxtc*

ghtt ~fbg eidht ~hi~fh pi pmcga `hh~fs& bg` ~fbg huhs `hpbcf ~i~hfs oheih pmhs tpbp boxtcghtt' Cp mhf~t hecgh pmh chdpcig pmcgkt tmixf` jiuh cg& {mcdm dbg tbuh jxdm pcjh bg`hghks fbph' Pmh ~fbg thuht bt b jb~ bkbcgtp {mcdm igh dbg jhbtxh pmh ~ikhtt ie pmhoxtcghtt1 cp cg`cdbpht dmbgdht ei txddhtt bg` pmh ~iphgpcbf dcpcdbf ~icgpt'

Dmhdafctp eir bgs oxtcghtt ~fbg

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[mbp mbuh ohhg pmh phg`t cg pmh thffcgk ~cdh9 Ct pmhh bgs thbtigbfcps9

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Pmh oxtcghtt ~fbgDIJJXGCDBPCIGUCTXBFCTBPCIG

2' Khghbf `htdc~pcig ie oxtcghtt?' ^htigbf obdakixg`4' Jbahp ~fbg0' Oxtcghtt jbgbkhjhgp ~fbg8' Ecgbgdcbf ~fbg

5' Tixdht ie exg`cgk;' I~hbpcgk ~fbg eihdbtp=' Jbli bttxj~pcigt3' Oxtcghtt ~iflfh

HTTHGPCBF DIGPHGP IE B OXTCGHTT ^FBG


CGDIJHKHG

H_BPCIG


89/109

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MCU)BC@T B{brhghtt

THGTCPCTCGK K_IX^T BOIXP MCU)BC@T

B tmirp kxc`h pi b`uctcgk sixgk ~hi~fh ig pmh

cttxht ie MCU bg` BC@T

[mij brh six `hbfcgk {cpm9

[mbp ct MCU)BC@T9

Fcehtpsfht bg` pmh rctat ie cgehdpcig

Tpckjb bg` `ctdrcjcgbpcig

^rhuhgpcgk MCU

Xtcgk dig`ijt

Dixgthffcgk bg` phtpcgk

^brhgpmii` bg` MCU)BC@T

Dbrh bg` tx~~irp

MCU

)BC@TB[B_HGHTT


90/109

3?

[mij brh six `hbfcgk{cpm9DIJJXGCDBPCIG@BPB DIFFHDPCIG

MCU)BC@T B{brhghtt

Pmh jbcg ~x~ith ie six {ia cg pmh echf` ie MCU)BC@T ctpi ~iuc`h cgeijbpcig ig MCU bg` BC@T' Igfs os agi{cgksix bx`chgdh {hff dbg six agi{ {mbp pmhs hbffs ghh`' Eih}bj~fh& ì pmhs fbda cgeijbpcig boixp MCU)BC@T cpthfe& iì pmhs ghh` pi agi{ jih boixp phbpjhgp bg` tx~~ip eipmh tcda& i mi{ pi di~h {cpm i~mbgt9 Igh ie six ectp liotct pi xg`htpbg` pmh ~hi~fh six bh b``httcgk' [mi bh pmhs9

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Btthttcgk sixr krix~ bg` pmhcr ghh`t

Pmhh bh jbgs pmcgkt {mcdm beehdp ~hi~fht b{bhghtt& bg` pmhc {cffcgkghtt pi fhbg' [mhgsix ohkcg& pmhh bh jbgs xthexf rxhtpcigt six dbg bta sixthfe& txdm bt>

Six heeipt pi thgtcpcth sixgk ~hi~fh ig pmh cttxht ie MCU) BC@T tmixf` cgdfx`h cgeijbpcig boixp dbh bg` tx~~ip& bg`mi{ pi hbdp {mhg ~hi~fh ghb pmhj bh beefcdph` os pmh `cthbth'

Pmith {mi pmhjthfuht ohdijh cff dbg pbah digtpxdpcuh jhbt*xht pi ~ifigk pmhc fcuht bg` cj~iuh pmhc rxbfcps ie fcucgk&bg` b{bhghtt ie pmh ~iofhjt ebdh` os pmhj dbg mhf~ ipmht piohba ì{g pmh pboiit bg` `ctdcjcgbpcig {mcdm {ithg pmh he*ehdpt ie pmh h~c`hjcd'

Pmh ~riofhjt ie fcucgk {cpm MCU)BC@T

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Bt ei bgsigh {cpm b ebpbf `cthbth& pmh jitp dijjig ehhfcgk ei bg MCU txeehh ct xgdh*pbcgps' Mi~ht bg` h}~hdpbpcigt ei pmh expxh {cff mbuh pi dmbgkh& bg` hfbpcigtmc~t bg`dbhht {cff ghh` b`lxtpjhgp ce b ~htig ct pi di~h {cpm pmh cffghtt bg` fhb` b mb~~s& ~i*`xdpcuh fceh'

Mhbfpm bg` MCU)BC@T

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Digcdp _htifxpcig

DIGEFCDP_HTIFXPCIG

DIGEFCDP BGBFSTCT BG@ _HTIFXPCIG

B~~ibdmcgk digcdp tcpxbpcigt cguifucgk i beehdpcgk sixgk ~hi~fh&bg` h`xdcgk pmh ghkbpcuh cj~bdpt ie dij~hpcgk cgphhtpt {cpmcg bgòhp{hhg dijjxgcpcht'

[ms cguifuh sixpm cg digcdp rhtifxpcig9

Tijh digdh~pt bg` `hflgcpcigt

Ji`hrbpcgk

^brpcdc~bgpt

^cffbrt ie ~hbdh oxcf`cgk

Digph}p % Dxfpxrh

Bdpcucpcht

Digcdp bg` ipmhr dijjxgcps oxcf`cgk jhbtxrht


101/109

2>4

Sixgk ~hi~fh jbah x~ pmh fbkhtp thdpcig ie pmh ~i~xfbpcig cg jitpBecdbg dixgpcht' Pmct bfigh jhbgt pmhs dbg gip oh fhep ixp ie bgs`huhfi~jhgp ~idhttht' Sixgk ~hi~fh bh xtxbffs jih h}cofh&i~hg*jcg`h`& bg` dxcixt boixp ipmh ~hi~fh& {mcdm jhbgt pmhhct jih ~iphgpcbf cg pmh sixgkh khghbpcig pi heehdp pmh acg`t iedmbgkh ghh`h` pi iuhdijh jbgs if`& hjoh``h` digcdpt'

Bp pmh tbjh pcjh& sixgk ~hi~fh bh bp digtpbgp cta ie khppcgk cguifuh` cg bff acg`t ie dig*eigpbpcig& eij jcgi ~htigbf bkxjhgpt ohp{hhg echg`t bg` cubfcht ohp{hhg kbgkt& pidijjxgcps `ct~xpht bg` fbkh hpmgcdbffs obth` phgtcigt' Sixgk ~hi~fh `hthuh pi oh b`*`htth` ig pmh cttxht ie digcdp jbgbkhjhgp& bg` kcuhg pmh ghdhttbs tacfft pi buic`& dbfji pbgteij digcdp tcpxbpcigt pmhs i pmhc ~hht jbs flg` pmhjthfuht cg'

Pmhth digdh~pt bg` `hflgcpcigt bh cgdfx`h` bt obdakixg` cgeijb*pcig ei six bt b ebdcfcpbpi' Uhs iephg& {i`t txdm bt digcdp dij*~hpcpcig bg` jh`cbpcig bh igfs ~bpfs xg`htpii`& ti cp ct htthgpcbfpi agi{ {mbp pmh phjt jhbg oheih {iacgk {cpm sixgk ~hi~fh cgpmct flhf`' Boiuh bff& pmh `ceehhgp bt~hdpt ie hbdm digdh~p& bg` pmh

{bs pmhs hfbph pi hbdm ipmh& bh fcahfs pi oh gh{ pi six ~bpcdc~bgpt&ti cp {cff oh mhf~exf pi `ctdxtt pmhth c`hbt bt dij~hmhgtcuhfs bt ~it*tcofh' Txdm b `ctdxttcig {cff bfhb`s tpbp pmh pmcgacgk ~idhtt& oheihsix kix~ b~~ibdmht bgs t~hdcfld digcdp tcpxbpcig'

Digefcdp

Digefcdp ct b hfbpcigtmc~ ohp{hhg p{i i jih cg`cuc`xbft i kix~t {mi mbuh * i {mipmcga pmhs mbuh * cgdij~bpcofh kibft1 cp ct bg igkicgk tpbph ie mitpcfcps ohp{hhg pmh p{i~bpcht& {mcdm jbaht bkhhjhgp i dih}ctphgdh `ceecdxfp i cj~ittcofh' Digefcdp dbg hjhkhbp jbgs fhuhft ie tidchps< cg`cuc`xbf& ~cubph digefcdp1 kix~ digefcdp1 dijjxgcps digefcdp1gbpcigbf digefcdp -ei h}bj~fh< dcucf {bt& hfhdpcigt#1 cgphgbpcigbf digefcdp'

_ht~igtht pi digefcdp dbg oh tcj~fcech` os jhbtxcgk pmh bjixgp ie digdhg hbdm tc`h ehhftei pmh ipmh8

Bt b ebdcfcpbpir ie b ~hbdh bg` digcdp rhtifxpcig prbcgcgk thttcig& six{cff cg jbgs rht~hdpt pbah ig pmh rifh ie jh`cbpir' Cg ebdp& six jbsoh prscgk pi phbdm sixr ~brpcdc~bgpt boixp jh`cbpcig& ti pmbp pmhs dbgki obda pi pmhcr dijjxgcpcht {cpm pmhth ubfxbofh tacfft' Ir six {cffcg`hh` oh pmh pmcr` ~brps cg bg h}ctpcgk digcdp' Cg bgs dbth& bf{bstrhjhjohr pmbp pmh ebdcfcpbpir ct b rifh ji`hf1 sixr tpsfh bg` ohmbucixr`xrcgk pmh thttcig dbg mbuh b krhbp cgxhgdh ig pmh ~brpcdc~bgpt& bg`pmh {bs pmhs fhbrg pi bdp bg` rhbdp cg pmhcr krix~ ir dijjxgcps'

Phbj{ia

Prbcgcgk krix~t cg brhbt ie digefcdp rhtifxpcig bg` jbgbkhjhgp ct ohtp `igh bt b phbj ie

ebdcfcpbpirt' Pmh jbcg rhbtig ct pmbp six brh fhb`cgk os h}bj~fh& bg` tmi{cgk ~brpcdc~bgptmi{ pmrhh ir eixr ie six dbg dii~hrbph heehdpcuhfs ct pmh ohtp ~ittcofh h}bj~fh eir b krix~ie ~hi~fh {mi brh prscgk pi ecg` pmbp acg` ie xgcps eir pmhjthfuht' B phbj bfti {irat ohpphrohdbxth ie pmh ubrchps tacfft bg` ixpfiiat cp cguifuht1 b phbj dbg rhbdp ohpphr pi pmh `ctdxt*tcigt ir ghh`t {mcdm brcth `xrcgk b {iratmi~& pmbg dbg b tcgkfh cg`cuc`xbf'

Xthexf rxbfcpcht ei digefcdp htifxpcig

B digcdp tcpxbpcig ct xtxbffs dmbrbdphrcth` os mckm hjipcigt' Pmct ebdp tmixf` cgxhgdh pmhgbpxrh ie pmh ebdcfcpbpcig' Kii` dijjxgcdbpcig tacfft -iothrucgk& fctphgcgk& t~hbacgk# bg`pmh bocfcps pi drhbph b tbeh bg` dijeirpbofh hgucrigjhgp eir ~brpcdc~bgpt pi i~hg x~ bg`h}~rhtt pmhjthfuht& brh bjigktp pmh jitp cj~irpbgp bt~hdpt ie ji`hrbpcig cg pmct tcpxbpcig'_hjhjohr pi htpbofctm krix~ rxfht eir pmh {iratmi~ rckmp bp pmh ohkcggcgk' Exrpmhrjirh&b ebdcfcpbpir -ir jh`cbpir# ct jirh fcahfs pi oh pbahg thrcixtfs ce mh ir tmh ct pbfacgk erij rhbf*fceh h}~hrchgdh' Pmhirhpcdbf agi{fh`kh ct fhtt hbts pi ohfchuh pmbg h}bj~fht kcuhg erij ighti{g h}~hrchgdht cg pmh flhf`' Pmct ct bfti bgipmhr rhbtig {ms cp ct kii` pi {ira bt b phbj ieebdcfcpbpirt' Ce ~ittcofh& igh ir p{i jhjohrt ie pmh phbj {cff mbuh pmh rhfhubgp h}~hrchgdh&

{mcdm bffi{t sixgkhr jh`cbpirt cg pmh phbj pi kbcg pmhcr i{g h}~hrchgdht'

Pmh jh`cbpirt jbcg kibf tmixf` oh pi bdmchuh digefcdp prbgteirjbpcig * ir hgbofh pmh~brpcdc~bgpt pi bdmchuh cp' Cp ct jirh cj~irpbgp -bg` jirh rhbfctpcd# pi rh`xdh phgtcigt bg`dmbgghf ~hi~fht hghrks b{bs erij ucifhgdh& pmbg pi rhjiuh digefcdpt bfpikhpmhr' Pmh ~it*tcocfcps ie bdmchucgk prbgteirjbpcig ct jxdm mckmhr ce ~brpcdc~bgpt dbg digghdp pmh h}~hrc*hgdht ie pmh {iratmi~ {cpm pmhcr i{g fcuht bg` pmhcr digefcdp tcpxbpcig' Pmct jhbgt cguifu*

cgk pmhj erij pmh ixpthp' ^brpcdc~bpcig"

Digghdpcgk pmh fhttigt fhbrgh` `xrcgk pmh prbcgcgk {cpm b rhbfdigefcdp tcpxbpcig ct jxdm hbtchr ce cp ct ~ittcofh pi `hdc`h cg b`*

ubgdh {mi pbaht ~brp cg sixr prbcgcgk' Six {cff oh {iracgk {cpm bkrix~& oxp `i gip eirkhp pmbp b krix~ ct jb`h x~ ie cg`cuc`xbft'

[mhg thfhdpcgk b {iracgk krix~ * ir krix~t * pi b~~ribdm b t~h*dcecd digefcdp tcpxbpcig& tijh pmixkmp tmixf` oh kcuhg pi pmh jbahx~ ie pmh krix~'

^hh kix~t

Krix~t dbg digtctp ie rh~rhthgpbpcuht ie oipm tc`ht cg b digcdp& ir pmhs jbs digtctp ie ~hi~fh erijlxtp igh ie pmh ~brpcht' [mcdmhuhr ct pmh dbth& pmh cg`cuc`xbft tmixf` oh uch{h bt ~iphgpcbf bkhgpteir dmbgkh' Bt txdm& pmh ohtp ~hi~fh pi cguifuh cg pmh ~ridhtt brh& ie dixrth& pmith {mith bdpcucpchtixptc`h pmh prbcgcgk mbuh b crhdp cgxhgdh ig pmh dcrdxjtpbgdht ie pmh digefcdp * cg ipmhr {ir`t&

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xg`htpbg` ipmht ohpph bg` h`xdht jctxg`htpbg`cgkt' Cp cguifuht ohcgk cgphhtph` cg{mbp pmh ipmh ~htig mbt pi tbs' Kii` fctphgcgk bfti ghh`t ~bdpcdh& bt ~hi~fh iephg i gipmbuh pmh ~bpchgdh pi fctphg pi b {mifh jhttbkh'

?' Dii~hrbpcigDii~hbpcig ct {mhg huhsigh {iat pikhpmh pi khp pmcgkt ìgh' Cp mhf~t& ohdbxth igh dbg gipbdmchuh jxdm {cpmixp pmh kii`{cff ie ipmht' Pmhh bh jbgs pmcgkt cg pmh {if` pmbp igh ~htig

{ixf` gip oh bofh pi ì oxp {mcdm bh hbts pi bdmchuh pmixkm dii~hbpcig bg` phbj*{ia'

4' HjipcigtHjipcigt bg` ehhfcgkt bh dijjig pi huhsigh' Pmhs bh txolhdpcuh& {mcdm jhbgt pmhhbh gi ckmp i {igk ehhfcgkt< gioi`s mbt pmh ckmp pi phff bgipmh ~htig pmbp mct imh ehhfcgkt bh {igk' Cp ct gijbf pi mbuh hjipcigt oxp cp ct gip bf{bst bddh~pbofh pi tmi{ ight

ehhfcgkt' Gi ct cp ckmp pi kcuh {bs bg` ohmbuh ob`fs ohdbxth ie pmh {bs igh ehhft' Ei ~hbdhexfdih}ctphgdh cp ct cj~ipbgp pmbp ~hi~fh fhbg pi oh pifhbgp' Pmct jhbgt hdikgctcgk pmbp huhsighct mxjbg'

0' ^hrdh~pcig[mbp kiht ig cg hbf fceh `h~hg`t ig ix ~hdh~pcigt ie tcpxbpcigt' Kcuhg b ~bpcdxfb tcpxbpcig&igh kix~ ie ~hi~fh {cff fiia bp cp cg b `ceehhgp {bs bg` hbdp `ceehhgpfs pi bgipmh kix~'

Pmhheih& ~hdh~pcig heht pi pmh {bs {h thh pmcgkt' Fcah ehhfcgkt& pmct jbs gip ghdhttbcfs ohckmp i {igk' Cp ct cj~ipbgp ei ~hi~fh pi xg`htpbg` pmct bg` oh dbhexf boixp pmh acg` ie

{i`t pmhs xth {mhg pbfacgk pi i boixp ipmh ~hi~fh' Cgthgtcpcucps bg` ~iifs dmithg {i`t dbgfhb` pi jctxg`htpbg`cgk bg` digcdp'

[cpm tijh pmixkmp& cp ct hbts pi xg`htpbg` {ms ~hdh~pcigt dbg oh ti `ceehhgp< pmhs bh xtxbffsobth` ig h}~hchgdht& bg` hbdm ~htigt h}~hchgdht bh xgcrxh' Pmhs pmhheih b`` x~ pi jbahhbdm cg`cuc`xbf ~htig xgcrxh bg` `ceehhgp eij pmh ipmht * {cpm `ceehhgp ~hdh~pcigt' Cp ctcj~ipbgp pmbp ~hi~fh ì gip tcj~fs bttxjh pmhs agi{ {mbp ipmh ~hi~fh ghh` i {bgp& bg`

{mbp cgphhtpt pmhj' Pmct ct {ms kii` dijjxgcdbpcig ct htthgpcbf pi buic` jctxg`htpbg`cgktbg` bttxj~pcigt' JITP DIGEFCDPT B_H OBTH@ IG ^H_DH^PCIGT _BPMH_ PMBG_HBFCPS"

8' ^riofhj*TifucgkHuhsigh hgdixgpht jbgs ~iofhjt pmixkmixp pmhc fcuht' Cp ct cj~ipbgp pi flg` b {bs ie khp*pcgk ixg` pmhth ~iofhjt bg` pi khp ig {cpm fceh' @icgk pmct ct agi{g bt ~iofhj*tifucgk& bg`cp xtxbffs cguifuht flg`cgk bfphgbpcuh bg` digtpxdpcuh {bst pi bdmchuh cefldxfp htxfpt' [h dbggipkhp c` ie ~iofhjt& {h dbg igfs `hbf {cpm pmhj digtpxdpcuhfs' Ohcgk digtpxdpcuh ct pmh tbjh

bt ohmbucgk {cpmixp ucifhgdh& bt ucifhgdh ct `htpxdpcuh' Pmct ct {ms fhbgcgk pi tifuh ~iofhjtdigtpxdpcuhfs ct ti cj~ipbgp cg b ~hbdh*oxcf`cgk ~idhtt' [h dbggip bf{bst hfs ig tijhighhfth& ti cp ct cj~ipbgp pmbp huhsoi`s fhbgt tijh ~iofhj*tifucgk tacfft'

Pmct thdpcig digpbcgt tijh cj~ipbgp cgeijbpcig pi mhf~ six bg` six~bpcdc~bgpt pi xg`htpbg` pmh obdakixg` ie jbgs acg`t ie digcdptcpxbpcigt' Jitp ie pmh pmcgkt jhgpcigh` mhh bh pi~cdt {mcdm bh ohtp`hbfp {cpm bp jhhpcgkt bg` cg `ctdxttcig kix~t' Bt bf{bst& bpmh pmbglxtp fhdpxcgk& cp ct ohpph pi kxc`h b `ctdxttcig ti pmbp ~bpcdc*~bgpt pmhjthfuht `ctdiuh bg` `hobph pmh cgeijbpcig cg hfbpcigpi pmhjthfuht' Pmct thdpcig ct bfti cgphg`h` pi mhf~ six kxc`h pmct

~idhtt'

Digefcdpt bh iephg pmh htxfp ie pb`cpcigbffs cgkbcgh` bppcpx`ht bg` mctpicdbffs dij~hpcgkkix~t' Bp pmh tbjh pcjh& {cpmcg bg` ohp{hhg ceehhgp kix~t& htpbofctmh` hfbpcigtmc~t ie~i{h {cff h}ctp -hk' ~bpcbdmbf& jbfh ìjcgbph` tidchpcht1 dijjxgcpcht {mhh pcoht dih}*ctp bg` igh ct jih ~i{hexf pmbg pmh ipmh hpd'# Pmhth bh bff uhs cj~ipbgp bt~hdpt ie bgs

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Digcdp _htifxpcig

DIGEFCDP_HTIFXPCIG

tidchps& bg` cp ct htthgpcbf pmbp pmh ebdcfcpbpi i jh`cbpi xg`htpbg`t pmhth tpxdpxht' Pmhsjckmp oh b ~iofhj cg pmhjthfuht& oxp pmhs dbg bfti ~iuc`h cgtckmp pi mhf~ eij tpbphkchtpi pbgteij digefcdpt'

[mhg pmh ~bpcht cg b digefcdp tcpxbpcig bh jipcubph` os dxfpxbf `ceehhgdht& pmh jitp tck*gcecdbgp {ia b jh`cbpi dbg ì ct pi ~ijiph b ehhfcgk ie pifhbgdh ohp{hhg pmhj' Cp ct~bp ie mxjbg gbpxh pmbp jitp kix~t ie ~hi~fh ohfchuh pmhc i{g {bs ct ckmp& bg` pmbpipmh kix~t ohmbuh xggbpxbffs' Cg pmh {itp dbtht ie digefcdp& pmhth ehhfcgkt dbg fhb` pi

ucifhgdh bkbcgtp pmh ixptc`ht' Igh dbg gip dmbgkh ~hdh~pcigt uhs hbtcfs& oxp cp ct ~ittcofhpi `hjigtpbph bg` hgdixbkh pifhbgdh ie pmh xggbpxbf'

B xthexf b~~ibdm ct pi hgdixbkh ~bpcdc~bgpt pi xg`htpbg` pmbp gi tcpxbpcigt bh tpbpcd'Ectpfs& {cpmcg pmhc i{g fcuht bg` dxfpxbf tcpxbpcigt& pmhs {cff ~iobofs oh bofh pi c`hgpces

pmcgkt pmbp mbuh dmbgkh`' Ji`hg fceh ohbat ì{g i bfpht pb`cpcigbf ohmbucix1 `ceehhgpkhghbpcigt mbuh `ceehhgp ~hdh~pcigt' Ce pmhs dbg thh pmct cg pmhc i{g digph}p& cp tmixfòh ~ittcofh pi jbah pmhj xg`htpbg` pmbp ipmht bfti dmbgkh' Ce ~hi~fh bg` dxfpxht dmbgkhcg pmct {bs& cp ct pmhheih {igk pi bttxjh pmbp b hfbpcigtmc~t ohp{hhg ~hi~fh bg` dxfpxhtdbg gip bfti dmbgkh' Bkh*if` digefcdpt dbg `ctb~~hb& ce igh kix~ ct hgdixbkh` pi fiiajih dfithfs bp bgipmh'

Ei pmct hbtig& c`hgpcps ct cj~ipbgp bg` tmixf` gip oh tx~~htth`1 hcgeidcgk b ~htigtc`hgpcps ~iuht pmhh ct pifhbgdh cg pmh kix~& bg` cp bfti htpbofctmht b ecj obth ig {mcdmjh`cbpcig bg` `ctdxttcig dbg oxcf` pi{b`t ~hbdh'

_hfbph` pi pmct ct pmh cj~ipbgdh ie fbgkxbkh' Bt eb bt ~ittcofh& bgs pbcgcgk cg digefcdpbgbfstct bg` htifxpcig tmixf` oh dig`xdph` cg pmh fidbf fbgkxbkh ie pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt' Igfspmhg dbg pmhs h}~htt pmhjthfuht exffs' Ce pmct ct gip ~ittcofh -ce pmh ebdcfcpbpi ìht gipt~hba pmh fbgkxbkh# pmh ~bpcdc~bgpt tmixf` oh thfhdph` ei pmhc bocfcps pi dijjxgcdbphcg Hgkfctm -i {mcdmhuh ipmh fbgkxbkh ct xth`#' Cg pmct tcpxbpcig cp dbg mhf~ b fip ce pmhebdcfcpbpi jbaht pmh heeip pi fhbg b eh{ xthexf {i`t bg` ~mbtht pi tmi{ tijh hj~bpms'Cp dbg fckmphg pmh jii` bg` cgpi`xdh b ocp ie mxjix pii'

Ig pmh ipmh mbg`& cp ct cj~ipbgp gip pi khghbfcth' _hjhjoh pmbp pmh jhjoht ie bkix~ bh bfti cg`cuc`xbft' Dxfpxbf cgefxhgdht {cff oh `ceehhgp cg hbdm tcgkfh ~htig& huhgce pmhs bff ohfigk pi pmh tbjh hkcig& pcoh& hfckcig i hdigijcd kix~' Six iolhdpcuh ctpi `hjigtpbph `cuhtcps bg` pifhbgdh& ti six pii jxtp oh thgtcpcuh pi `ceehcgk bppcpx`ht

{cpmcg pmh kix~'

Oxcf`cgk x~ ~bpcdc~bgpt thfe*htphhj ct bfti cj~ipbgp1 cp h`xdht pmh ehhfcgkt ie extpbpcig{m

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