APUSH STUDY SHEET

1984

1.The wealthiest people in the pre Revolutionary America were primarily (B) northern merchants and southern professionals 2. The Kansas-Nebraska act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it (A) repealed the Missouri Compromise (B) repealed the Fugitive Slave Act (C) made Kansas and Nebraska free states (D) stimulated Southern emigration to the territories taken from Mexico (E) signaled acceptance of the principle of the Wilmot Proviso 3. During Reconstruction, Southern blacks typically did which of the following? (A) Worked as day laborers in towns and cities (B) Migrated northward, exercising their new freedom (C) Owned and worked small farms (D) Worked in mines and factories (E) Tilled farms as renters and sharecroppers

7. The Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 were notable accomplishments because they (A) established the principle that western lands are the joint property of all the states (B) initiated a territorial policy that provided for the orderly creation of new states (C) made possible a policy of Native American (Indian) relations that enabled new western areas to be settled peacefully (D) put land into the hands of the actual settler rather than spectator (E) were the basis for the future settlements of the dispute with Britain over the northwest posts

8. The American Transcendentalists may best be characterized as which of the following? (A) A group of Northern intellectuals who shared a belief in the value of human intuition, the presence of divinity in nature, an emotional comprehension of god

10. The first Great Awakening was (A) a religious revival that occurred throughout the American Colonies (B) a slave rebellion in colonial South Carolina (C) an eighteen-century religious movement among Native Americans (Indians) dedicated to reaffirming traditional values (D) the flowering of Enlightenment political thought in colonial America (E) an early colonial protest against English imperial policy

11. “Let me…..warn you in the most solemn manner against the ruinous effect of the spirit of party….The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension …..is itself a frightful despotism.” This statement reflected which of the following political positions? (A) Abraham Lincoln‟s reaction to the Southern threats of secession (B) Ulysses S. Grant‟s reaction to the disclosures of corruption in the Republican party (C) Andrew Johnson‟s disparagement of the Anti-Masonic party

(D) John C. Calhoun‟s explanation of the reasons for his withdrawal from the presidential campaign of 1824 (E) George Washington‟s concern about the development of political parties during his administration

12. Which of the following best characterizes the response of Great Britain and France to the American Civil War? (A) They saw advantages in a divided Union, but pursued cautious policies toward both sides. (B) They favored restoration of the Union and actively worked to arbitrate the conflict. (C) They favored permanent separation of the Union and openly supported the South. (D) They favored restoration of the Union and openly supported the North. (E) They had no interest in the conflict and remained aloof from it.

16. France‟s support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily by (A) enthusiasm for the revolutionary principles espoused by the Americans (B) a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain (C) a desire to regain Canada and the Floridas (D) pressures from its ally, Spain (E) the hope of converting the United States into a French dependency

17. Thomas Jefferson opposed some of Alexander Hamilton‟s programs because Jefferson believed that (A) the common bond of a substantial national debt would serve to unify the different states (B) the French alliance threatened to spread the violence of the French Revolution to America (C) the federal government should encourage manufacturing and industry (D) Hamilton‟s programs were weakening the military‟s strength of the nation (E) Hamilton‟s programs favored wealthy financial interests

18. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States decision to declare war against Great Britain in 1812? (A) American military and economic preparedness for war (B) American concern for national honor (C) The impressment of American seamen (D) British interference with United States commerce (E) American fears of British aid to Native Americans (Indians) on the frontier

19. Which of the following provided sources of revenue for the federal government in the period from 1800 to 1860? I. Income tax II. Sales tax III. Customs duties IV. Land sales V. Real estate taxes

(A) I and II only

(B) I and III only (C) II and V only (D) III and IV only (E) III, IV, and V only

22. Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of seventeenth-century Puritans toward religious liberty? (A) Having suffered persecution in England, they extended toleration to everyone. (B) They tolerated no one whose expressed religious views varied from their own views. (C) They tolerated all Protestant sects, but not Catholics. (D) They tolerated Catholics, but not Quakers. (E) They had no coherent views on religious liberty. 23. In party, President Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost two years because (A) he sought to retain the loyalty of the border states (B) slavery still existed in most Northern states (C) Congress had not granted him the authority (D) he was preparing a plan to send all of the slaves to Liberia (E) he feared a hostile reaction on the part of the British and French

29. Which of the following statements is true about immigration to the United States during the last two decades of the nineteenth century?

( (E) Southern and Eastern Europeans came in larger numbers than earlier in the century

30. By the time of the Revolution, the American colonists had generally come to the belief that creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchial rule because a republic would establish (A) a highly centralized government led by a social elite (B) a strong chief executive (C) the trend toward regional economic specialization (D) unlimited male suffrage (E) a society in which there were no differences of rank and status

31. All of the following conditions influenced the development of American agriculture during the first half of the nineteenth century EXCEPT (B) a widespread interest in conserving soil and natural resources

32. President Jackson‟s Native American (Indian) policy resulted in which of the following? (E) The removal of the Cherokee from the south- east to settlements across the Mississippi

33. “….the descendants of Africans who were imported into this country, and sold slaves…are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word „citizens‟ in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States/” The passage above is from which of the following? (D) Dred Scott v. Sanford

34. “In 1800 schoolchildren (ages 5-19) spent an average of only fourteen days in school each year. By 1850 this figure had nearly doubled, going to twenty-six days, and by 1860 it had risen to forty days per year, almost triple the figure for 1800. By 1860 the literacy rate at age twenty had attained modern levels, exceeding ninety percent among Whites.” The passage describes results brought about chiefly through: (A) state and local efforts in behalf of public schools (B) the work of private philanthropists (C) the extension of federally supported school systems (D) the increasing ability of families to afford tutors (E) the establishment of church-supported schools

35. In which year would the population of an Atlantic seacoast city most likely have appeared as follows? Categories (selected groups of Number total population) Born in United States of parents born in United States (White) 70,352 Born in Ireland (White) 25,282 Born in United States of parents born in Ireland (White) 2,017 Born in Russia (White) 10 Born in United States of parents born in Russia (White) 2 Non-White born in United States 2,317 (C) 1850

41. Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? (A) It was forced on reluctant White Virginias by profit-minded English merchants and the mercantilist officials of the Crown. (B) It was the first case in which Europeans enslaved Blacks. (C) It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company. (D) It first occurred after the invention of Eli Whitney‟s cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor. (E) It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as Blacks displaced White indentured servants in the tobacco fields.

42. The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America‟s relationship to Great Britain because it led to Great Britain to (A) encourage colonial manufactures (B) impose revenue taxes on the colonies (C) restrict emigration from England (D) ignore the colonies (E) grant increased colonial self-government

43. Deists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries believed that

(A) natural laws, set by the Creator, govern the operation of the universe (B) prayer has the power to make significant changes in a person‟s life (C) the idea of God is merely the childish imagining of simple minds (D) the universe was created by a natural, spontaneous combining of elements (E) intuition rather than reason leads human beings to an awareness of the divine

44. Marbury v. Madison (1803) is famous for establishing the principle of (A) the sanctity of contracts (B) the supremacy of the executive over the legislative branch (C) judicial review (D) due process (E) equal access by any citizen to federal courts

45. A proposal of the uncompensated emancipation of American slaves was advanced by (A) Thomas Jefferson in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (B) James Madison in The Federalist in 1788 (C) the American Colonization Society in 1787 (D) William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator in 1831 (E) the Republican party platform of 1860

46. The “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions” issued by the Seneca Falls Convention demanded (A) greater rights for women (B) the immediate termination of slavery (C) enlightened treatment of the insane (D) a new role for women in the antislavery movement (E) improvement in prison conditions

47. In the pre-Civil War era, the railroad‟s most important impact on the economy was the (A) creation of a huge new market for railway equipment (B) creation of the basis for greater cooperation between Southern planters and Northern textile manufacturers (C) generation of new employment opportunities for unskilled urban workers (D) participation of the federal government in the financing of a nationwide transportation network (E) accessibility to Eastern urban markets provided to Midwestern farmers

48. The North‟s advantages over the South at the outbreak of the Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT (A) greater agreement over war aims (B) more substantial industrial resources (C) a more extensive railroad network (D) dominance in foreign trade (E) naval supremacy

Questions 49-50 refer to the following historical problem.

It is popularly believed that Patrick Henry, in his speech against the Stamp Act of 1765, implied that George III would be assassinated, and the concluded with the phrase, “If this be treason, make the most of it.” Four differing reports of this speech, two of which omit the concluding phrase, are found in the following sources: the diary of a Frenchman who was an eyewitness and described the event the same day; a letter printed in a London newspaper about six weeks later; a history of Virginia written in 1805; and a note written in 1817 by Thomas Jefferson, who also was an eyewitness.

49. The main issue raised for historians by the differing reports of Henry‟s speech is the (A) Formation of hypotheses about historical causation (B) Validity of historical metaphor (C) Use of anachronisms (D) Form of historical citation

50. Which of the following facts casts the greatest doubt on the accuracy of Jefferson‟s note confirming the concluding phrase in Henry‟s speech? (A) Jefferson and Henry had each served as governor of Virginia (B) Jefferson was only twenty-two in 1765 (C) Jefferson‟s note was written to a man who was writing a biography of Henry (D) Jefferson was not actually a member of the House of Burgesses in 1765 (E) Jefferson‟s note was written fifty two years after the speech was delivered.

51. The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations

52. The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy were distinctive in that they (A) were less militant than the other Native American tribes (B) all allied themselves with the American colonists against Great Britain during the Revolutionary war (C) successfully resisted incorporation into the English fur trading system (D) were converted to Anglicanism (E) formed the most important Native American political organization to confront the colonists

53. A major defect in the national government established by the Articles of Confederation was (A) a means of amending the Articles (B) the authority to tax (C) the power to declare war (D) the authority to make treaties (E) a legislative branch

54.All of the following statements about the delegates to the Pennsylvania state convention to ratify the United States Constitution are supported by the data in the table above EXCEPT and fuck the chart

(A) A majority of the farmers opposed ratification (B) Federalists outnumbered anti-federalists by two to one (C) The size of each occupational group was probably proportionate to its size in the Pennsylvania population (D) The majority of the supporters of the Constitution were drawn from the upper social and economic classes (E) the Federalists probably won the ratification vote.

56. The hostility of the Know-Nothing party was directed primarily against (A) the growth of cities and industrial manufacturing (B) Irish and German Catholic immigrants

57. The term “cult of domesticity” refers to (A) an aspect of the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692 in which mainly middle-aged matrons were accused of practicing evil magic (B) the Shakers, a religious sect founded by Mother Ann Lee in the eighteenth century (C) the idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers during the early nineteenth century (D) the defense given by antebellum apologists for slavery, who argued that bondage was a form of benevolent paternalism (E) the Puritans‟ insistence on the importance of the family as the cornerstone of their social order.

58. An important reason for the proclamation of the Monroe doctrine was to (A) end the United States‟ alliance with France (B) displace England as the chief creditor of the Latin-American countries (C) counter British objections that would arise in any future United States effort to annex the West Indies or Canada (D) protect republican institutions of government in the Western Hemisphere (E) prevent French interference in the internal affairs of Mexico

59. Which of the following most likely increased Mexican suspicion of United States territorial objectives in the 1839s and 1840s? (A) abolitionist agitation in the North (B) Jackson‟s policy toward the annexation of Texas (1836-37) (C) The Webster-Ashburton treaty (D) Clay‟s speeches in the campaign of 1844 (E) Rhetoric on “manifest destiny” in the American press

61. In the presidential campaign of 1860, which of the following positions was asserted by the Republican party platform with respect to slavery?

(A) Slavery should be abolished immediately by the federal government

(B) The extension of slavery to other countries should be prohibited (C) The Missouri Compromise line (36° 30') should be extended to the Pacific Ocean, and slavery should be prohibited in territories above that line (D) The gradual emancipation of the slaves should begin, and the federal government should compensate slave owners for the loss of slave property (E) The extension of slavery to United States territories should be prohibited by the federal government, but slavery should be protected in the states where it already existed.

62. All of the following elements of the Radical Republican program were implemented during Reconstruction EXCEPT (A) provision of 40 acres to each freedman (B) enactment of the fourteenth amendment (C) Military occupation of the South (D) Punishment of the Confederate leaders (E) Restrictions on the power of the president

69. Which of the following was a widely held belief among the Founding Fathers of the United States? (A) Direct democracy is superior to representative government (B) Widespread ownership of property is a bulwark of republican government (C) Political parties are an inevitable outgrowth of republican government (D) Universal manhood suffrage is essential to a free government (E) The separation of legislative, executive, and judicial functions leads to governmental chaos.

70. Which of the following is correct about the tariffs passed during the period of 1816-1828?

(E) They were the first tariffs whose major purpose was protection

71. Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of slavery in the United States in the first quarter of the nineteenth century? (A) Demands of Southern textile manufacturers for cotton (B) Introduction of crop rotation and fertilizers (C) Use of more stringent techniques to slave control (D) Invention of the cotton gin (E) The “three fifths” compromise

72. The nullification controversy of 1832-1833 was significant, in part, because it (A) signaled the triumph of protariff forces (B) strengthened support for the Missouri Compromise (C) Weakened the Whig party throughout the South (D) Enhanced Andrew Jackson‟s reputation as a strong president (E) Cemented the alliance between Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun

73. The establishment of Brook Farm and the Oneida Community in the antebellum United States reflected (A) the influence of Social Darwinism on American thinkers (B) the continued impact of Calvinist ideas on American thought

(C) The blossoming of perfectioist aspirations (D) attempts to foster racial integration (E) the implementation of Masonic schemes for social improvement

74. “From the beginning of the settlement of America, the frontier regions have exercised a steady influence toward democracy…American democracy is fundamentally the outcome of the experience of the American people in dealing with the West…” These statements are part of a historical theory known as (A) manifest destiny (B) Jeffersonian democracy (C) the Turner thesis (D) Jacksonian democracy (E) Liberal republicanism

75. The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 provided for (A) temporary Union military supervision of the ex-Confederacy (B) Federal monetary support of the resettlement of American Blacks in Africa (C) Denial of Black property-holding and voting rights (D) Implementation of anti-Black vagrancy laws in the South (E) Lenient readmission of the ex-Confederate states to the Union

81. The Whigs of the 1830‟s and 1840‟s differed from the Jacksonian Democrats in that the Whigs (C) supported the American System of Henry

82. All of the following statements about pre-Civil War American slavery are true EXCEPT: (D) Because of the relative ease with which slaves could gain their freedom by manumission or by purchase, the proportion of freedmen to slaves was almost equal in many areas of the South.

94. After 1763, changes in the British imperial system threatened the interests of which of the following groups of American colonists? I. Land speculators with interests west of the Appalachians II. Newspaper editors and lawyers III. Farmers wishing to settle in the Ohio River Valley IV. Boston smugglers (E) I, II, III, and IV

1988 Released Exam

1. Which of the following was true of the Continental Congress in its drafting of the

Articles of Confederation? (A) It was cautious about giving the new government powers it

had just denied Parliament. (B) It gave Congress the exclusive right to issue currency. (C)

It gave the national court system the power to review both national and state law. (D) It

gave Congress control of interstate commerce. (E) It rejected the arguments of men like

Samuel Adams and Richard Henry Lee who feared strong governments.

3. Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?" (A) Congress

has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist. (B) The settlers in a given

territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there. (C)

Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves. (D) The

American people shall decide where slaver will exist through a national plebiscite. (E)

Individual states have the right to reject congressional decisions pertaining to slavery.

4. Of the following, the most threatening problem to the Union from 1861 through 1863

was (A) possible British recognition of the Confederacy (B) Spanish intervention in Santo

Domingo (C) French objections to the Union blockade (D) British insistence on the

abolition of slavery (E) British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage."

5. Why did Congressional Reconstruction end in 1877 ? (A) The freed slaves had been

successfully integrated into Southern society. (B) The treaty ending the Civil War had set

such time limit. (C) Most of the politically active Black people h left the South for

Northern cities. (D) The Republican and Democratic parties effected a compromise

agreement after the 1876 presidential election. (E) The United States needed the troops

stationed in the South to confront the French in Mexico.

7. During the Great Depression, “Hoovervilles” were (A) government relocation camps

for indigent workers (B) model communities established by the Hoover administration (C)

shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people (D) soup kitchens financed under New

Deal legislation (E) work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the

economy.

12. A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after

Harry, his slave, had run away:

"He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among

his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a

few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts."

Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported

by the passage above? (A) Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own culture and

society. (B) Slaves commonly formed settlements of their own away from the plantations.

(C) Slaves lived entirely independently of their masters. (D) Slaves frequently associated

with free Black people. (E) Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends

despite forced separations.

14. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it (A) established the

role of the federal government in internal improvements (B) strengthened the ties between

the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions (C) made the invention of the

steamboat economically viable (D) spurred innovation in the railroad industry (E) was the

last major canal project before the Civil War.

15. In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in that the South had (A) a betterdeveloped

transportation system (B) a better-educated White population (C) less interest in

evangelical religion (D) fewer European immigrants (E) more cities.

16. The Black Codes passed in a number of southern states after the Civil War were

intended to (A) close public schools to the children of former slaves (B) promote the return

of former slaves to Africa (C) enable Black citizens to vote in federal elections (D) place

limits on the socioeconomic opportunities open to Black people (E) further the integration

of southern society.

22. The announced purpose of the Marshall Plan was to (A) stabilize world currencies

(B) promote advanced technology for use in the military defense of Western Europe (C)

reduce the dependence of the European economy on overseas empires (D) maintain the

United States position as the world's leading creditor nation (E) aid the economic recovery

of war-torn Europe.

23. The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to (A) protect the infant

industries of England's young colonies (B) increase England's prosperity (C) discourage

other European powers from colonizing North America (D) reduce the need for an overseas

empire (E) open the Atlantic to free trade.

24. Colonial cities functioned primarily as (A) mercantile centers for collecting

agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods (B) places where most

poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans (C) centers where large scale

financial and banking operations were conducted (D) places to which wage earners

commuted from numerous surrounding communities (E) centers of light manufacturing.

25. The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and

1770's over "virtual representation" concerned (A) patterns of legislative apportionment in

the colonial assemblies (B) Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests (C) the lack of

colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris (D) the increasing use of juryless

admiralty courts in the colonies (E) the representation of "free men of color" in colonial

assemblies.

26. During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government

sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to (A) rally all the states behind a

common cause (B) convince the British of the justice of the American cause (C) make it

easier to levy taxes on the citizens of the several states (D) facilitate the purchase of arms

and borrowing of money from other nations (E) allow Von Steuben, Lafayette, and other

Europeans to join the American army.

27. The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was

due to (A) an increase in the African slave trade (B) the importation of slaves from the

West Indies (C) an increase in the severity of fugitive slave laws (D) the acquisition of

Louisiana (E) the natural population increase of American born slaves.

28. In addition to the cotton gin, Eli Whitney's major contribution to American

technology was his (A) introduction of interchangeable parts (B) development of the first

practical locomotive (C) invention of the mechanical reaper (D) installation of the first

textile mill (E) development of steam power.

30. The call for the "immediate and uncompensated emancipation of the slaves" is

associated with the position of (A) the Free Soil party (B) the evangelical churches in both

the North and the South (C) Abraham Lincoln in his debate with Stephen A. Douglas at

Freeport, Illinois (D) John Quincy Adams in his demands for repeal of the "gag rule" (E)

William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator.

31. All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century

EXCEPT that it (A) opened new territories to commercial agriculture (B) accelerated the

growth of some older cities and created new ones (C) was financed by private corporations

without government assistance (D) led to new managerial forms and techniques (E) was

often capitalized beyond what was needed.

32. During Woodrow Wilson's administration, the federal government attempted to

counteract the economic influence of big business by (A) eliminating the gold standard (B)

increasing tariff rates (C) centralizing economic planning (D) applying the provisions of

the Fourteenth Amendment to corporations (E) establishing the Federal Trade Commission.

35. The "Great Awakening" refers to the (A) growth of European awareness of the New

World in the 1500's (B) impact of the Enlightenment on colonial thought in the early 1700's

(C) wave of religious revivals that swept the colonies in the 1740's (D) beginning of the

colonial movement toward independence from Great Britain (E) growth of technology that

contributed to increased industrialization in the early 1800's.

36. Which of the following moved in greatest numbers into Appalachia as the American

Indians of the region were defeated? (A) Immigrants from Sweden (B) Slaveholders,

indentured servants, and slaves from coastal plantations (C) Puritans from New England

(D) Scotch-Irish, German, and English immigrants (E) White immigrants from the West

Indies.

37. Which of the following describes "the Lowell system" in early nineteenth-century

New England? (A) A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities (B) An

agreement among the New England states to secede and form a New England confederacy

(C) A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting (D) A strategy to

defend New England during the War of 1812 (E) A congressional reapportionment plan

during the 1820's.

38. The theme of individualism is most evident in the writings of (A) Jonathan Edwards

(B) Ralph Waldo Emerson (C) George Fitzhugh (D) Washington Irving (E) Nathaniel

Hawthorne.

41. As a result of the Spanish-American War, Spain relinquished to the United States

control of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and which of the following? (A) Alaska (B) Hawaii (C) The

Panama Canal Zone (D) Bermuda (E) The Philippines.

42. Charles Lindbergh became a national hero for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

(A) He was seen as a modest, handsome daredevil. (B) He made a solo flight across the

Atlantic. (C) He advocated American leadership in world affairs. (D) He embodied

American traditional values in the new industrialized society. (E) His success incorporated

elements of technology and individualism.

43. During the decade of the 1960's, young people, Black people, American Indians,

Hispanic Americans, and women were among the groups protesting various aspects of

American society. All of the following were protested against by one or more of these

groups EXCEPT the (A) excessive cost of the social security system (B) United States

involvement in the Vietnam War (C) marginal economic status of non-Whites (D)

exclusion of women from the mainstream of American life (E) increasing bureaucratization

and impersonality of American institutions.

44. Which of the following most appropriately characterizes the violence exhibited in

such episodes as Bacon's Rebellion, the Boston Tea Party, Shays' Rebellion, and the

Whiskey Rebellion? (A) Most violence occurred in urban areas. (B) Most violence

produced no deaths. (C) The level of violence subsided after the American Revolution. (D)

Violence was directed at "outsiders" or representatives of distant authority. (E) Most

violence occurred because of the intervention of foreign powers in American internal

affairs.

45. Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers

toward political parties? (A) Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that

threaten the existence of republican government. (B) Parties are engines of democracy that

provide citizens with a voice in government. (C) Parties are necessary evils in any republic.

(D) In a large republic, parties are the best means of creating effective coalitions of interest

groups. (E) A two-party system is essential to a stable republic.

46. Which of the following statements about the Dred Scott decision is correct? (A) It

recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on

technical grounds to free Scott. (B) It stated that Black people were not citizens of the

United States. (C) It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. (D) It

upheld the principle of popular sovereignty. (E) It freed Scott, but not other slaves in

circumstances similar to Scott's.

47. Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop

lien system in the late nineteenth-century South? (A) A major redistribution of land

ownership (B) A diversification of crops (C) A cycle of debt and depression for Southern

tenant farmers (D) A rise in cotton yields per acre from antebellum production levels (E)

The termination of the control exerted by White landowners over former slaves.

51. The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka essentially

reversed which of the following earlier Court decisions? (A) Marbury v. Madison (B) Dred

Scott v. Sanford (C) Roe v. Wade (D) Gideon v. Wainwright (E) Plessy v. Ferguson.

53. In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most

alike in that both (A) relied on the marketing of a single crop (B) were heavily dependent

on slave labor (C) had an established Anglican church (D) were royal colonies

(E) administered local government through justices of the peace.

54. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that (A) only the United

States Supreme Court had the power to restrict freedom of speech and press (B) the

authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of

Congress was constitutional (C) only fiscal measures initiated by state legislatures could be

acted on by Congress (D) Congress was responsible for maintaining the vitality of a "loyal

opposition" political party (E) the "supremacy clause" of the Constitution applied only to

foreign affairs.

55. In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands

in Georgia received direct support from (A) the White residents of Oklahoma (B) President

Andrew Jackson (C) the United States Supreme Court (D) the Democratic press (E) the

United States Congress.

56. The direct impact of the Civil War on the economy included all of the following

EXCEPT (A) the emergence of the trust as a form of business organization (B) the

initiation of transcontinental railroad building (C) runaway inflation in the South (D) the

creation of a more uniform national banking system (E) disruption of cotton exports to

England.

"Now, a word about the whole Bible. I believe it is a master stroke of Satan to get us to doubt any

portion of the Bible. If he can get us to doubt just one thing in that book, he has accomplished a great point,

and it is going to be the overthrow of many a man's and woman's faith."

59. Which of the following best characterizes the muckrakers of the early twentieth

century? (A) They were primarily concerned with racial issues. (B) They were mostly

recent immigrants to the United States. (C) They were leading critics of urban boss politics.

(D) Their influence on public opinion was greatest after the First World War. (E) They

wrote primarily for an academic audience.

63. The Halfway Covenant provided for which of the following? (A) The baptism of

children of baptized but unconverted Puritans (B) The granting of suffrage to non church

members (C) The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church (D) The

granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders (E) The

posting of banns by engaged couples.

64. The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the

following effects? (A) It enabled England to deport most criminals. (B) It enabled poor

people to seek opportunity in America. (C) It delayed the establishment of slavery in the

South until about 1750. (D) It facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the South. (E) It

instituted social equality.

65. To make the new government viable, the first Congress of the United States did all of

the following EXCEPT (A) organize a federal court system under the Supreme Court (B)

draft a bill of rights and send it to the states for ratification (C) pass a tariff for the purpose

of raising revenue (D) grant subsidies to encourage industrial development (E) establish the

State Department.

66. Of the following, which was the principal issue on which the United States sought

settlement with Great Britain at the outset of the War of 1812 ? (A) A guarantee of New

England fishing rights off Newfoundland (B) Free navigation of the Mississippi River (C)

Cancellation of pre-Revolutionary debts (D) Access to trade with the British West Indies

(E) An end to impressments.

67. Henry Clay's "American System" called for all of the following EXCEPT (A) a tariff

for the protection of industry (B) internal improvements at national government expense

(C) sale of federal lands to finance higher education .(D) greater reliance on domestic

financial resources (E) increased trade among the sections of the nation.

68. Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward

Texas? (A) It tried to sell Texas to the United States at the time of the Louisiana Purchase.

(B) It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's. (C) It

governed Texas with stringent regulations in the 1820's. (D) It encouraged the

establishment of a strong local government in Texas in the mid-1830's. (E) It favored the

annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States in the 1830's and early

73. A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from

France was that he (A) wanted to establish a precedent for the expansion of presidential

authority (B) wanted an area beyond the Mississippi River to which eastern Native

Americans (Indians) could be moved (C) had learned from Lewis and Clark of the

untapped mineral resources in western areas (D) hoped to cement a Franco-American

alliance against the British (E) hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making

abundant lands available to future generations.

74. According to Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America, American

individualism arose as a result of (A) the absence of an aristocracy (B) limited geographic

mobility (C) the uneven distribution of wealth (D) urbanization (E) the Enlightenment.

75. Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson

administration? (A) A central bank was established. (B) The value of paper currency issued

by individual banks became uniform. (C) The number of banks, each issuing its own paper

currency, increased. (D) A nationwide banking system was begun. (E) Federal fiscal

activities became linked to a system of federal banks.

76. The primary objective of the founders of the Know- Nothing party was the

(A) abolition of slavery (B) establishment of free public schools (C) improvement of

factory working conditions (D) prohibition of communitarian experiments (E) restriction of

the rights of immigrants.

83. Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to (A) train lawyers

and doctors (B) encourage scientific advances (C) ensure an adequate supply of ministers

(D) prepare young men for political leadership (E) preserve the traditions of classical

scholarship.

84. Which of the following was Great Britain's justification for its continued occupation

of a number of posts on United States soil despite the terms of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?

(A) The United States lacked the military capability to maintain the posts. (B) The United

States had violated the treaty clauses dealing with the restoration of Loyalist property. (C)

Great Britain needed a buffer zone between the United States and Canada. (D) Great

Britain's understanding with both France and Spain permitted the British to stay. (E) Great

Britain had promised its ally, Tecumseh, that it would establish a state for his people in the

region.

85. The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because

(A) the House of Representatives decided the election (B) a Supreme Court decision was

required to dislodge the Federalists (C) voter turnout increased dramatically (D) the party

in power stepped down after losing the election (E) force was required to get John Adams

to leave the. White House.

86. Which of the following statements about the Monroe Doctrine is accurate?

(A) It was announced by the President over t serious objections of Secretary of State John

Quincy Adams. (B) It was issued simultaneously with a British policy statement on Latin

America. (C) It stressed that Europe and the Western Hemi- sphere had essentially different

political systems. (D) It was immediately accepted as international law. (E) It was promptly

challenged militarily by the "Concert of Europe."

87. An important consequence of the "tariff of abominations" (1828) is that it led to the (A)

taxation of consumer items (B) reelection of Andrew Jackson (C) enunciation of the

doctrine of nullification (D) alliance of Southern planters and Western farmers (E)

expansion of the New England textile industry.

89. The United States Open Door policy in Asia did which of the following? (A)

Guaranteed military support for China's territorial integrity. (B) Opened China to Western

trade for the first time. (C) Bolstered American commercial interests in China. (D) Rid

China of European spheres of influence. (E) Repudiated Japan's interests in China.

94. The Stamp Act crisis was important in the coming of the American Revolution for all

of the following reasons EXCEPT: (A) The colonists demonstrated their willingness to use

violence rather than legal means to frustrate British policy. (B) The crisis coincided with a

British decision to garrison regular troops in American cities. (C) American patriots

realized that British inflexibility made revolution virtually inevitable. (D) The British

maintained that the colonies had no right to independence from parliamentary authority.

(E) Patriot leaders claimed that the act denied them their British birthrights.

95. In 1787-1789, which of the following groups was most likely to oppose ratification of

the Constitution? (A) Farmers in isolated areas (B) Export merchants (C) Former officers

in the Continental Army (D) Southern planters (E) Urban artisans.

96. Which of the following would most likely have expressed opposition to the idea of

Manifest Destiny? (A) Advocates of the foreign policy of Secretary of State William H.

Seward (B) Voters for James K. Polk in 1844 (C) Supporters of the Treaty of Paris of 1898

(D) Members of the Whig party in Congress during the Mexican War (E) Supporters of the

Ostend Manifesto.

99. During the 1930's, isolationists drew support for their position from which of the

following documents? (A) The Federalist Papers (B) Washington's Farewell Address (C)

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (D) The Platt Amendment (E) Franklin Roosevelt's

First Inaugural Address.

2001

1. The Navigation Acts were part of the British policy known as(A) isolationism(B) capitalism(C) mercantilism(D) monopolism(E) imperialism.

2. Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that(A) an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic(B) the National Republicans alone knew what was right for the people(C) political participation by the common man should be increased(D) political rights should be granted to women(E) franchise restrictions should be racially neutral.

3. President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to(A) respond positively to the recent Latin American revolutions

(B) rule out United States involvement in South America(C) provide a rationale for United States intervention in the Isthmus of Panama(D) warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere(E) encourage Britain to help the fledgling Latin American states.

4. Which of the following transportation developments opened the West to settlement and trade between1790 and 1830?(A) Turnpikes and canals(B) Railroads and steamships(C) Turnpikes and railroads(D) Clipper ships and turnpikes(E) Canals and railroads.

5. Which of the following best describes the situation of freedmen in the decade following the Civil War?(A) Each was given 40 acres of land and a mule by the Union government.(B) All were immediately granted political equality by the Emancipation Proclamation.(C) The majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters.(D) They were required to pass a literacy test before being granted United States citizenship.(E) They supported the passage of Black Codes to ensure their economic and political rights.

6. Which of the following was a serious constitutional question after the Civil War?(A) The restoration of the power of the federal judiciary(B) The legality of the national banking system(C) The political and legal status of the former Confederate states(D) The relationship between the United States and Britain(E) The proposed annexation of Colombia.

11. The Dutch settled New Netherland primarily to(A) secure a refuge for the persecuted(B) check the growth of English colonies in North America(C) expand their commercial and mercantile network(D) gain colonies to produce agricultural surpluses(E) secure naval supplies.

12. France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following(A) the defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga(B) American naval victories on the Great Lakes(C) the dispatch of an American peace mission to Britain(D) an ultimatum by American diplomats(E) a personal plea by George Washington

13. Which of the following is true of the case of Marbury v. Madison?(A) It established that Congress had the sole right to formulate national legislation.(B) It supported Thomas Jefferson in his claim to have “executive review.”

(C) It backed William Marbury in his request for a bank charter.(D) It affirmed the principle of judicial review.(E) It determined the Senate’s right to “advise and consent.”

14. After the Revolution, the concept of the “republican mother” suggested that(A) women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of theyoung republic(B) voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women(C) the first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of government(D) wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties(E) women’s virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution.

15. All of the following accurately describe Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana Territoryfrom France EXCEPT:(A) It opened the Mississippi River permanently to western farmers.(B) It ended the threat of American Indian raids on western settlements.(C) It was made possible by the failure of Napoleon’s forces to suppress a slave revolt in Haiti.(D) It showed Jefferson’s considerable flexibility in dealing with foreign policy.(E) It violated Jefferson’s own views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution.

16. President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he(A) acknowledged the legitimacy of the Mexican government’s claim to Texas(B) feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery(C) was ideologically opposed to territorial expansion(D) could find no support within his own party for admitting Texas(E) believed that admitting Texas would violate international law.

17. The Republican Party originated in the mid- 1850’s as a sectional party committed to which of the following?(A) Opposition to the further extension of slavery into the territories(B) Immediate emancipation of the slaves(C) Repeal of Whig economic policies(D) Restriction of immigration(E) Acknowledgement of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories.

18. In 1890 the most important source of revenue for the federal government was(A) income taxes(B) inheritance taxes(C) sales taxes(D) liquor taxes(E) customs duties.

21. In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early1700’s?(A) The southern colonies only

(B) The middle and southern colonies only(C) The tobacco- and rice-growing colonies only(D) All the colonies except Pennsylvania and the New England colonies(E) All the colonies.

22. In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790’s prompted(A) the acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves(B) a movement of free African Americans to Haiti(C) the passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellions(D) an increased fear of slave revolts in the South(E) a military expedition of southern slaveholders to restore French rule in Haiti.

23. Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct?(A) They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi.(B) They were limited to non-combat duty.(C) They were barred from receiving awards for valor in combat.(D) For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.(E) For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.

27. Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills asNew England farm girls were replaced by(A) French-Canadian immigrants(B) freed African Americans from the South(C) Irish immigrants(D) German immigrants(E) Italian immigrants.

31. Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention?(A) It was built on a series of compromises.(B) It provided exact specifications covering all aspects of government.(C) It was a revised version of the English Constitution.(D) It included a Bill of Rights.(E) It allowed all male citizens over the age of twenty-one to vote.

32. The Jefferson administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republicanideals?(A) Abolishing the Bank of the United States(B) Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government(C) Discontinuing the funding of state debts(D) Increasing the size of the United States military(E) Adopting the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions at the national level.

33. The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for

(A) the prohibition of slavery in Louisiana Purchase territory(B) the primacy of federal law over state- legislated Black Codes(C) the abolition of the international slave trade(D) the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War(E) federal return of fugitive slaves.

42. The majority of White families in the antebellum South owned(A) more than 100 slaves(B) 50 to 100 slaves(C) 10 to 50 slaves(D) 5 to 10 slaves(E) no slaves.

43. The Missouri Compromise did which of the following?(A) Prohibited slavery in all the territory of the Louisiana Purchase(B) Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave(C) Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state.(D) Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories(E) Provided for the annexation of Texas.

46. All of the following contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT:(A) Most soldiers were draftees.(B) The soldiers feared for the welfare of families back home.(C) The army had inadequate arms and ammunition.(D) The army paid soldiers in depreciated paper money.(E) The army was inadequately fed and clothed.

51. Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to(A) western farmers(B) war veterans(C) southern planters(D) eastern merchants(E) state bankers.

52. The goal of the American Colonization Society was to(A) return freed slaves to Africa(B) recruit immigrant labor for American factories(C) assimilate recent immigrants into American society(D) extend United States influence to overseas colonies(E) promote western expansion by funding internal improvements.

53. The most unpopular and least successful of President Thomas Jefferson's policies was his(A) advocacy of territorial expansion(B) handling of the Barbary Coast pirates(C) reduction of the size of the military(D) reduction of the national debt

(E) adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France.

54. Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?(A) Congress could abolish slavery at will.(B) National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.(C) The rights of all people are protected by the Constitution.(D) Slaves residing in a free state automatically became free.(E) Through squatter sovereignty, a territory had the sole right to determine the status of slavery within its territoriallimits..

57. All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the UnitedStates in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT(A) the gradual emancipation laws of individual states(B) manumission granted for Revolutionary War service(C) manumission granted by slaveholders' wills(D) natural increase among free African Americans(E) federal constitutional provisions for emancipation.

61. The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?(A) Admitted Texas to the Union as a slave state.(B) Admitted California to the Union under the principles of popular sovereignty.(C) Prohibited slavery in the District of Columbia.(D) Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law.(E) Adjusted the Texas-Mexico boundary.

64. Throughout the first half of the nineteenth century, women reformers were most active in the cause of(A) temperance(B) woman suffrage(C) pacifism(D) immigrants' rights(E) workers' rights.

65. Which of the following was true of most Puritans who emigrated to seventeenth-century New England?(A) They had renounced the Church of England.(B) They rejected the authority of the English king.(C) They considered themselves non-Separatists.(D) They approved of the Crown's religious policy.(E) They intended to return eventually to England.

67. The Federalist papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the eighteenth century when theyasserted that

(A) a republican form of government could succeed only in small countries(B) limitations on the popular will led to tyranny(C) a weak central government was the only guarantee of individual rights(D) a large republic offered the best protection of minority rights(E) political parties were crucial to the success of the new government

69. The first massive migration of Black Americans from the South occurred during which of the followingperiods?(A) Immediately following the Civil War(B) During and immediately after the First World War(C) During the Great Depression(D) In the decade after the Second World War(E) During the civil rights movement of the 1960’s.

71. Which of the following statements about Africans brought as slaves to the British North American coloniesis true?(A) They were the primary labor source for plantations in the Chesapeake by 1630.(B) They had a much lower life expectancy in the Chesapeake than in South Carolina or the West Indies.(C) They greatly outnumbered Europeans in every colony south of the Mason-Dixon Line by 1776.(D) They maintained cultural practices brought from Africa.(E) They were the primary labor source in Pennsylvania until 1720.

75. The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson’s attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was(A) the creation of the “independent treasury”(B) an expansion of credit and speculation(C) the failure of state banks(D) the establishment of modern banking regulations(E) the creation of a federal deficit.

76. The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to(A) encourage westward colonial migration(B) avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians(C) gain much-needed revenue(D) drive out French colonists(E) provide a haven for Catholics.

77. By the 1750’s, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the followingEXCEPT(A) disdain for British constitutional monarchy(B) many religious denominations

(C) a society without a hereditary aristocracy(D) a growing number of non-English settlers(E) acceptance of slavery as a labor system.

1996 TEST EXAM

3. In Marbury v. Madison, the United States Supreme Court affirmed

A. its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions

B. its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws

C. its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments

D. the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures

E. the broad scope of the federal government's commerce power

4. which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's?

A. The admission of California as a free state

B. The establishment of the principle of popular sovereignty in the Mexican cession

C. The ban on the slave trade in the District of Columbia

D. The continued protection of slavery in the District of Columbia

E. The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

8. Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to

A. remove the French from forts along the Mississippi valley

B. acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops

C. acquire territory for the expansion of slavery

D. oppose New England Federalism

E. demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wars

9. All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants

A. practiced different religions

B. had different languages and cultures

C. were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers

D. were not familiar with the United States political system

E. dominated the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

10. The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT

A. appeal to the philosophy of natural rights

B. call for the abolition of the slave trade

C. appeal to the sympathies of the English people

D. criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774

E. accuse George III of tyranny

14. The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britain's policy of salutary neglect to

A. establish religious freedom as a fundamental right

B. work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries

C. introduce the practice of slavery into the New World

D. establish a standing army

E. make favorable territorial settlements with the French

16. By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in

A. the people

B. Parliament

C. state governments

D. factions

E. a centralized government

17. In the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of slavery in British North America?

A. It was prohibited only in Massachusetts and Connecticut.

B. It was opposed by the Anglican Church.

C. Slaves officially accounted for more than thirty percent of the colonial population.

D. The number of slaves increased rapidly in the last quarter of the century.

E. Most slaves lived on plantations with fifty or more slaves.

18. The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its establishment of

A. a bicameral legislature

B. a system for orderly settlement of the West

C. general postwar prosperity

D. long-term sectional harmony

E. a termination date for the international slave trade

21. Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?

A. French military and financial assistance

B. The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action

C. A major American military victory at Valley Forge

D. Support from the French Canadians

E. The British failure to capture Philadelphia

Use the following information to answer questions 23-24.

23. The map shows the United States as it appeared in

A. 1784

B. 1800

C. 1812

D. 1821

E. 1845

24. The area marked X on the map was part of

A. Massachusetts' Western Reserve

B. the Northwest Territory

C. the Louisiana Purchase

D. the Mexican Cession

E. the Oregon Country

25. Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT

A. imposition of an income tax

B. imposition of poll taxes

C. extension of suffrage to women

D. prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages

E. procedures for electing United States senators

26. The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?

A. Reaffirmed George Washington's goal of United States neutrality in the Americas.

B. Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secure the presidency in 1824.

C. Established the United States as the dominant economic power in South America.

D. Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes.

E. Asserted American independence in the realm of foreign policy.

30. When Thomas Jefferson said in 1802, "We are all republicans--we are all federalists," he meant that

A. Americans would never ally themselves with monarchical governments

B. federalists would be appointed to his cabinet

C. the two parties' platforms were identical

D. The principles of American government were above party politics

E. he admired Hamilton's policies

32. Which of the following beliefs was central to eighteenth-century Deism?

A. God gave the Bible to human beings to guide their behavior.

B. God created a universe governed by natural law.

C. Christ is the Redeemer of the human race.

D. All human beings are born in sin.

E. God's existence has been proven by supernatural revelation.

34. Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT

A. Indian removal

B. the right of nullification

C. the removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States

D. annexation of new territory

E. use of the presidential veto power

36. When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to

A. end the Civil War

B. abolish slavery

C. free slaves held in the border states

D. alienate Britain and France

E. strengthen the moral cause of the Union

38. Which of the following was true of the first Great Awakening?

A. It primarily affected church congregations in towns and cities.

B. Cotton Mather was one of its most famous preachers.

C. It was denounced by Jonathan Edwards.

D. It was primarily a southern phenomenon.

E. It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches.

39. All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the

A. enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures

B. outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis

C. massive exodus of former slaves from the South

D. election of former Confederates to Congress

E. response of the southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment

45. The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to

A. test the new process of amendment described in the Constitution

B. protect rights not specified in the Constitution

C. strengthen the power of the federal government

D. restore to the states the powers they had enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation

E. clarify the federal relationship among the states

47. The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT

A. funding of the national debt

B. nullification of all private debts to the states

C. imposition of a tax on distilled liquor

D. establishment of the Bank of the United States

E. assumption of all state debts

48. In the antebellum period, free African Americans were

A. given the right of suffrage in most states

B. protected from kidnapping under stringent provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act

C. educated in integrated schools in most northern states

D. able to settle in states in the Middle West without legal restriction

E. able to accumulate some property in spite of discrimination

49. In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to

A. liberate the slaves

B. prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs

C. preserve the Union

D. avenge political defeats and insults inflicted by the South

E. Forestall a Southern invasion of the North

50. The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by

A. Dred Scott v. Sanford

B. Schecter v. United States

C. Plessy v. Ferguson

D. Schenck v. United States

E. Miranda v. Arizona

52. The goals of educational reformers in the antebellum years included all of the following EXCEPT

A. compulsory school-attendance laws

B. the use of state and local tax money to finance public education

C. the establishment of teacher-training schools

D. a standardized length for the school year

E. federal financing of secondary education

53. President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to

A. Spanish expansion in the Southeast

B. Dutch economic activity in the mid-Atlantic states

C. Canadian alliances with northern American Indians

D. French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance

E. English boycotts of selected American manufactures

59. Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

A. England

B. Africa

C. Ireland

D. The German states

E. The Netherlands

60. In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because

A. its goals had been accomplished

B. most Americans rejected the goal of colonizing Black people

C. William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members

D. a new sentiment in Congress favoring abolitionism led to disagreement over the rights of former slaves

E. the death of Elijah P. Lovejoy created a struggle for power within the organization

61. Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct?

A. It was set up by the Treaty of Ghent at the end of the War of 1812.

B. It was strongly promoted by Andrew Jackson.

C. It permitted immigrants to be naturalized after living in the United States for rive years.

D. It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.

E. It called for an end to the European presence in South America.

62. Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era?

A. She would be sentenced to debtors' prison for debts incurred by her husband.

B. She could vote as her husband's proxy in elections.

C. She generally lost control of her property when she married.

D. She was the prime beneficiary by law of her husband's estate.

E. Her legal rights over her children were the same as those of her husband.

63. Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to

A. recreate an Old World feudalistic society in the New World

B. create a perfect religious commonwealth as an example to the rest of the world

C. create a refuge for political dissidents

D. profit economically

E. increase the glory of Great Britain

64. As originally ratified, the United States Constitution provided for

A. political parties

B. a presidential cabinet

C. the direct election of senators

D. an electoral college

E. a two-term presidential limit

66. The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following?

A. Introduced a tax on tea.

B. Prohibited colonists from producing iron for the American market.

C. Forbade all colonial trade with the French West Indies.

D. Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle.

E. Announced the reorganization of the colonial office under Parliament, rather than directly under the King-in-Council.

68. Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of "bread and butter" unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions?

A. The Knights of Labor

B. The Molly Maguires

C. The American Federation of Labor

D. The Industrial Workers of the World

E. The National Labor Union

72. Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true?

A. The six states of New England were the first to have complete woman suffrage.

B. Woman suffrage was introduced in the South during Radical Reconstruction.

C. No state granted woman suffrage before 1900.

D. The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi.

E. California and Oregon were the first states to have complete woman suffrage.

74. The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to

A. raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America

B. reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods

C. fund the colonial postal system

D. impose a mercantilist system on the colonies

E. reduce the authority of the colonial legislatures

75. The Hartford Convention was a manifestation of

A. New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812

B. New England's desire to end United States trade with Great Britain

C. northern gratitude to General Jackson for his victory at New Orleans

D. the War Hawks' impatience with President Madison's conduct of foreign policy

E. western resentment against British-backed American Indian attacks

76. Which of the following was true of the Northeast American Indian tribes at the time Europeans first began colonization?

A. Their economies depended entirely on hunting and gathering.

B. Their political and linguistic differences hindered their united opposition to the Europeans.

C. Their populations were immune to European diseases.

D. Their warriors rarely engaged in intertribal warfare.

E. Their cultures made no distinction between men's work and women's work.

79. In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were

A. young unmarried women from rural New England

B. newly arrived immigrants from Ireland

C. men who were heads of households

D. married women whose children were of school age

E. free African Americans from urban areas