mini –hatchery consultancy report - fao.org · iv 1. background 1 2. farmer training in...

FI: DP/LAO/97/007STS - Field Document No. 6

PROVINCIAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

LAO PDR

SUPPORT FOR TECHNICAL SERVICES

Farmer training in small-scale hatchery techniques

Based on the work of

Samruay MeenakarnFAO Small-scale hatchery Consultant

(2nd – 16th May, 29th May – 9th June 1999)

THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSBangkok, 1999

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The designations employed and the presentation of the material in thisdocument do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on thepart of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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The Food and Agriculture Organization is greatly indebted to theorganizations and individuals who assisted in the implementation of theproject by providing information, advice and facilities.

Table of contents

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1. BACKGROUND 1

2. FARMER TRAINING IN SMALL-SCALE HATCHERY PRODUCTIONTECHNIQUES 1

2.1 Aim of the training 1

2.2 Activities performed by farmers 1

2.3 Training location 1

2.4 Equipment, training facilities 2

3. KHAM DISTRICT, XIENG XHOUANG PROVINCE. 2

3.1 Selection of participants 2

3.2 Indigenous fry production system – Kham District 3

3.3 Other issues relating to training 4

4. XAI DISTRICT, OUDOMXAY PROVINCE. 5


4.2 Participants evaluation of training 5

4.3 Indigenous fry production system – Oudomxay 6


5. THATHENG DISTRICT, SEKONG PROVINCE. 6


5.2 Indigenous fry production system 7


6. OUTHOMPHON DISTRICT, SAVANNAKHET PROVINCE 7


7. CONCLUSIONS 9

8. RECOMMENDATIONS 10

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BACKGROUND 11

APPENDIX II 13

ITINERARY – TRIP 1 13

APPENDIX III 14

ITINERARY – TRIP 2 14

APPENDIX IV 15

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITIES FOR FRY AND FINGERLING PRODUCTION 15

APPENDIX V 16

DOCUMENTS PRODUCED BY LAO/97/007 16

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1. BACKGROUND

This consultancy was carried out within the scope of the “Provincial AquacultureDevelopment Project” (LAO/97/007), and it builds on training provided by the consultantduring 1998. The main purpose of this consultancy was to implement training workshopswith farmers and provincial and district officers in appropriate small-scale hatcherytechniques. (Terms of Reference are attached in Appendix I).

This reports reflects the results of the two missions performed by the consultant from 2-16May, and 29 May to 9 June 1999. During these two periods 128 farmers and provincial staffparticipated in the training activities.

2. FARMER TRAINING IN SMALL-SCALE HATCHERY PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

2.1 AIM OF THE TRAINING

This training was intended to achieve two main goals:

1. To provide a practical example of technically appropriate fry production andnursing methods to farmers.

2. To provide an example to provincial and district trainers on how to organise andfacilitate a practical training course for farmers. This will serve as a basic modelfor further training courses performed by the provincial and district trainers inother target areas.

2.2 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY FARMERS

The training was designed to increase farmers’ capacity in all activities related to the fryproduction process, with particular attention paid to:

• Modification of ponds for spawning or nursery culture;• Preparation of simple equipment required for spawning common carp or silver

barb;• Setting up spawning cages and nursery cages in ponds;• Modifying water inlets and outlets using locally available materials;• Selection of broodstock fish suitable for spawning;• Injection of broodstock fish (in 2 provinces);• Transfer of eggs into incubation cages/hatching cones;• Preparation of simple nursery feeds for fish fry.

2.3 TRAINING LOCATION

The trainings were conducted at farmers’ households beside the ponds and paddies wherethe practical production activities take place. This avoided the use of a schoolroom, which isat present project counterparts preferred location for training. Training farmers in theschoolroom tends to limit farmers’ participation and practice, which leads trainers to lecturefarmers. The learning and impact of this training methodology is considered to be lesseffective than learning through practical exercises.

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Since rain or strong sunshine makes it uncomfortable for participants to attend trainingsessions or when preparing equipment items, a plastic sheet/sunshade was provided at thetraining site. In addition, farmers’ families and the Provincial Livestock and Fisheries officestaff prepared food for the participants.

2.4 EQUIPMENT, TRAINING FACILITIES

All items and facilities used for the training are locally available with in Lao PDR, and as faras possible, available within the province where the training was performed, as follows:

• Farmer Fish Ponds• Farmer Rice Paddies (irrigated)• Bamboo• Plastic pipe (locally available)• Plastic string• Local materials “Orlon” or Vietnamese equivalent• Blue net cages• Paper sheets for drawing• Chicken starter feed, eggs, pig concentrated feed• Spawning hormones (available from DLF)

3. KHAM DISTRICT, XIENG XHOUANG PROVINCE.

3.1 SELECTION OF PARTICIPANTS

Participants were drawn from only one district. This was due to the very high interest inimproved fry production techniques in all districts in Xieng Khouang. The pre-existence ofindigenous fry production techniques is probably the reason for this.

Participants NumberProvincial counterparts

District counterparts 2

Farmers from Ban Sam, Kham district 3

Farmers from Ban Hok, Kham district 11

Farmers from Muang, Kham district 4

Farmers from Hoh Gang, Kham district 3

Deputy NPD, ADA, FAO Consultant 3

Trained 27(woman) 1

Further training in Phoukhut and Khoun district 65Total Trained 92

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The existing techniques for fry production are based around the irrigated rice paddy systemthat is common to all three target districts of LAO/97/007 (but particularly in Kham andKhoun districts).

As a result, training was provided in only one district and the provincial and districtcounterparts, who participated, have already used the training model in the other two projectdistricts. The total number of farmers trained in Xieng Khouang Province following this modelis currently 92.

The techniques included in the training were not intended to supplant the existing indigenoussystem of fish culture, but to discuss with farmers’ ways through which the survival of smallfish fry might improve. The fish fry production method used in Kham district is describedbelow.

No women farmers attended the training despite requests made prior to the training bycentral project staff. The project counterpart from Khoun district is a woman and she was theonly female participant. The provincial counterparts and farmers attending the trainingindicated that women would not attend the training, although no specific reason was cited(apart from shyness). The practical training based in rice paddies and almost continualrainfall was probably a possible deterrent.

Although the participants were drawn form the same district, they were from a series ofvillages in the district. This always limits women’s attendance if they are not directlymembers of the farmers group. The method to ensure women’s participation in this instancewould be to establish women’s groups possibly through alternative institutions to the districtLivestock office and to design ad-hoc training schedule.

3.2 INDIGENOUS FRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM – KHAM DISTRICT

During the training farmers explained the local fish culture and fry production system inKham district as follows:

Early in the year (April) large male and female common carp are introduced to into floodedrice paddy. This is approximately two months before the rice-planting season (July).

Fine tree roots are placed in the paddy, or existing grass is used to act as egg collectors forthe carp. Breeding occurs naturally and after a few days the fish are removed. This is uponobservation of eggs attached to egg collectors or fry in the paddy.

Eggs attached to grass in the paddy will hatch and the paddy acts as a nursery pond. Fryare not fed in this system and must find natural feed in the paddy. Egg fertilisation, hatchingand fry survivals are low in this system. Insect and fish predators (especially frogs/tadpoles)are abundant in the paddy, which predate the fish fry.

A potential technique to improve hatching and fry survival in this case is to incubate eggsattached to tree roots in a jar in warm part of the house. Water must be splashed into the jarto maintain humidity. This will accelerate development, whereas when the eggs are left inthe pond the water temperatures might be too cold and not hatch or suffer extreme predation(farmers’ belief). It has been observed that only few households make use of this technique.

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When the eggs are ready to hatch they can be transferred to the paddy or taken to marketfor sale. Farmers who have purchased these eggs have commented that the quality of theeggs bought for hatching in rice paddies was poor and few fry hatched.

After one month or two months, rice is transplanted into the paddies. By this time the fish arenow fingerling size. The rice is transplanted while the fish are still in the paddy.

During the rice season water levels are maintained through the terraced paddy by the localirrigation system. This is usually a small weir type system (either wooden structurecommunity maintained or concrete system).

The fish are not fed in the paddies in the majority of cases. Larger fish may be removed forongrowing in ponds and in these cases feeding with local products may be performed.

This system of stocking before rice planting ensures that fish reach a reasonable size beforerice harvest. The rice season is relatively short (3 months) and stocking during this seasonwould not provide fish of sufficient size. This method maximises the growing season for thefish.

Fish are harvested before rice harvest for sale or home consumption. If the fish are still smallsome farmers who have ponds will transfer the fish to the ponds for over-wintering. Thesefish will be eaten or used as broodstock for the coming year.

The species principally used in this system are common carp and tilapia. There is a premiumfor golden common carp (Pa Kham) although the breeding of all species is extremelyhaphazard due to the extensive nature of the breeding system.

3.3 OTHER ISSUES RELATING TO TRAINING

Although conditions at the training site were ideal for fish breeding and the farmers wereable to participate in all the activities involved in fry production, no eggs were laid during thetime of the training. This was probably due to the following reasons:

• Collection of the fish from farmers’ ponds is stressful and the fish need one or twodays to recover before breeding. Provincial counterparts had been requested tomove the fish prior to training by central project staff. This had not been done dueto fear of theft of the fish.

• Despite previous request 2 months and 1 month prior to the training male andfemale broodstock had not been previously separated. This allowed continuousspawning of the fish. There were no fully ripe fish ready for the training.

• Lack of feeding of broodstock probably limits their condition for breeding morethan a few times.

• Carp breeding starts early in the year (end of February). The late timing of thetraining course did not allow the use of ripe broodstock that are available earlier inthe year.

Despite the lack of egg production the training proved a valuable experience and the farmersclaimed that they had a better idea of how to improve the production of their systems.

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The training method has also subsequently been successfully used in Khoun district (eggproduction successful) and therefore the experience of this first training was valuable to theprovincial and district counterparts in terms of pre-training preparation.

4. XAI DISTRICT, OUDOMXAY PROVINCE.

4.1 SELECTION OF PARTICIPANTS

Participating farmers were drawn from all three target districts in Oudomxay province. Thiswas due to the consideration by the provincial counterparts that these farmers representedthe total number of farmers with appropriate locations or abilities. Due to the shortage offingerlings in Oudomxay province there is a very high demand for fish fingerling production inall districts of the province, however experience is limited or non-existent.

The successful demonstration of fish breeding and fingerling production through LAO/97/007activities in each of the target districts of the province will serve as a sound basis for theincrease in the number of farmers able to produce their own fish fingerlings in the future.

Participants NumberProvincial counterparts (+ UNV) 3

District counterpart 3

Farmers from Xai district 13

Farmers from Houn district 12

Farmers from Beng district 19

Deputy NPD, ADA, FAO Consultant 3

Total trained 51

(women) 5

4.2 PARTICIPANTS EVALUATION OF TRAINING

The evaluation by participants highlights the importance of practical demonstration duringthe training. It is rare for participants in any workshop to return a “poor” value (since this isprobably overly critical) therefore using the “good” value is probably the best indicator ofparticipants’ preference.

4.3 IND

Currenfingerl

PrevioMore for nutrader

Since and fin

The Pexpec

4.4 OT

The intraininDaphoand ha

Traininin fry trainin

5. TH

5.1 SE

Participants evaluation of training (Translated from Lao)%

Good Average LittleUnderstanding of lectured information 45 43 12Understanding of practical activities 67 33Training location 87 13Food 83 17Sleeping accommodation 80 20Training atmosphere 60 40Other services 69 31

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IGENOUS FRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM – OUDOMXAY

tly there are two or three families in the project target areas that have started fishing production. This is a result of training provided by LAO/97/007 during 1998.

usly fish fingerlings have been bought from Chinese fry traders importing from China.recently as a result of LAO/97/007 activities, purchase of fish fry from Luang Pabangrsing in cages has been quite successful and resulted in farmers avoiding Chinese frys.

most farmers cannot organise transportation of fry from Luang Pabang, training in frygerling production is priority to improve availability in the province.

rovincial hatchery has not yet been completed in its recent refurbishment, although it isted that this year it will be able to produce some fish for sale.

HER ISSUES RELATING TO TRAINING

volvement of women farmers in this training was high (5 women participated) and theg site was the farm of one of the leading women farmers (Nang Daphone). Mrs.ne has already started to produce common carp fry after being trained by the projects already produced more than 10,000 fingerlings during 1999.

g in Puntius fry production was not covered due to the inexperience of the participantsand fingerling production. This activity could possibly be included in refresher

g/more advanced training during next year (2000).

ATHENG DISTRICT, SEKONG PROVINCE.

LECTION OF PARTICIPANTS

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Participants were drawn from the two target districts of the project. Only one of theparticipants had previous experience of fry production and this was with limited success.Farmer fish fingerling production is starting from a baseline of no experience in this province.



Farmers from Lamam & Thatheng districts 18

NPD, ADA, FAO Consultant, Project asst. 4

Total trained 24

(2 women) 2

5.2 INDIGENOUS FRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Since the Japanese government funded hatchery is not yet complete, fish fingerlings muststill be obtained from adjoining Provinces. The nature of Sekong province is that it hasconsiderable fish resources and farmer based production of indigenous fish could haveconsiderable potential in the future.

Thatheng district is an upland district characterised by significantly cooler weather (Bolovensplateau) than the lower district of Lamam. Common carp are already cultured in this areaand its tolerance to cold conditions finds favour with local farmers. Farmers from this districtare particularly interested in common carp culture, although increasing availability of Puntiuswill probably change this in the next year or so.

5.3 OTHER ISSUES RELATING TO TRAINING

Immediately following the training, the counterparts started follow up fry production activitiesat the trainees’ farms. These trainees had been identified as the people who had suitableponds and broodstock and could start fry production immediately.

The condition of the broodstock for use during the training was not of a high standard due tostressful capture method. This did not finally affect the results of the training as bothcommon carp and Puntius were successfully bred. The quantity of eggs produced andultimately the fry produced will be certainly lower than that which could be achieved ifbroodstock fish were better treated. This point was emphasised during training and generaladvice on broodstock management was given.

6. OUTHOMPHON DISTRICT, SAVANNAKHET PROVINCE 6.1 SELECTION OF PARTICIPANTS

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Participants were selected from all three-target districts in Savannakhet. This is the onlyprovince in the country, which now has a Province-wide strategy for the promotion ofaquaculture and fish raising. This is due to the presence of a large number of fish andfisheries related projects (e.g. Regional Development Committee, Oxfam, LAO/97/007,MRAG Project) and the larger than average number of districts and fisheries extension staffavailable. This is the only province which has a separate fisheries unit and within this aspecific training unit.

Participants’ experience in fish fry and fingerling production is considerably more advancedthan that of other project’s provinces. Approximately half of the farmers participating in thetraining had some experience of common carp culture.



Farmers from Phin district 5

Farmers from Phalanxay district 4

Farmers from Outhomphon district 8

NPD, ADA, FAO Consultant, Project asst. 4

UNDP Programme Officer 1

Total trained 26

Women 0

No women farmers were involved in the training activities. The counterpart indicated that it isnot suitable for women to do heavy work such as this. It seems that women’s working inponds is considered inappropriate and a possible threat to their health. Women couldcertainly perform many of the activities, such as feeding and maintenance of the fish inponds or cages.

6.2 INDIGENOUS FRY PRODUCTION SYSTEM – SAVANNAKHET

Common carp production is established with some farmers in the province, although theseare generally not yet located in the project target provinces.

Some farmers have started experimenting with Puntius production with the assistance of theProvincial Livestock and Fisheries section. In this instance Puntius fry are produced by usingnatural water flows (limited success) or by hormone injection (assistance of Provincialextension staff).

In the future the availability of spawning hormones will be improved (as part of the Provincialinitiative to distribute hormones at district offices) to enable farmers to produce Puntius frywith greater reliability. Other provinces are not yet at a stage of organisation where thiswould be possible, and in many cases there is not yet the demand. Availability of hormonesshould be a priority for DLF in the future, especially in areas where there is a demand for

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Puntius production. Broodstock quantities are not a constraint to farmers since this speciesmatures at a relatively small size (approximately 250 – 300 g).

The successful fertilisation, incubation and hatching of eggs is limited due to poortechniques and lack of flowing water. Nursery survivals are also low due to poor pondpreparation, lack of draining and underfeeding/fertilisation.

The training course enabled farmers to discover how simple modifications to existing ponds,or construction of small nursery/breeding ponds will produce significantly higher numbers offry. Improved nursery preparation and feeding was also included, although the finalproduction cannot be determined for another month.

6.3 OTHER ISSUES RELATING TO TRAINING For this first training, farmers were drawn from the three target districts of LAO/97/007. Aspart of the RDC (Regional Development Committee) policy to standardise training andextension in fish culture throughout the province, this training course will be repeated in afurther 15 districts in Savannakhet province. The funds for these further training courses willbe drawn from other assistance projects and provincial budget. Farmer involvement in the fry production process was achieved completely during thistraining with active experience in: pond construction, net cage construction, water systemmodification, breeding and nursing of fry. This training course therefore has served as a demonstration of how effective participation offarmers can be achieved in fish fry production training. It is hoped that the counterparts whoattended the training will be able to use this model (or essential components of theapproach) in the further farmers’ training planned for this year. Outhomphon district is one of the districts in Savannakhet that has little access to riverfishing. The local demand for fish is high and it is expected that aquaculture will developrapidly in the area as more ponds are constructed. Fry availability is a constraint since localfry production is very low. Farmer based fry production is expected to significantly increasethe opportunity for households away from major roads to start engaging in simple fishculture. 7. CONCLUSIONS

Four training courses based on farmers’ participation have been performed in four provinces,with a total of 128 farmers and Provincial/district project counterparts trained.

At the end of the course farmers were able to perform all the activities required to produceeither common carp or Puntius fry, and it is expected that most of the farmers trained duringthis period will attempt to produce fry during 1999/2000. Participating will be further assistedby LAO/97/007 in producing fish fingerlings during 1999/2000. The assistance will be in theform of loan/distribution of net cages and where appropriate breeding hormones.

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The training location was selected on the basis of being a typical farmer pond with suitableconditions for fry/fingerling production, and the majority of equipment used during thetraining are all locally available (except breeding hormones and these can be obtainedthrough Livestock Section offices). The training approach also demonstrates to provincialcounterparts how effective farmers’ participation can be achieved during training.

Availability of hormones should be a priority for DLF in the future, especially in areas wherethere is a demand for Puntius production.

8. RECOMMENDATIONS • The training courses organised during 1999 have created considerable interest amongst

the participating farmers. These farmers will inevitable have production difficulties whenthey attempt to produce their own fry/fingerlings. The LAO/97/007 project should repeatthis training course during the next year.

• The training method adopted may serve as an appropriate model for further farmerstraining on fry production.

• Future training courses such as this should be scheduled earlier in the year for thenorthern upland Provinces (i.e. Xieng Khouang in March and Oudomxay in April).

• Pre-training preparations are extremely important with respect to broodstock selection.

• Provincial staff should visit the farmers regularly to assist them in solving productionconstraints at their farms.

• Provincial counterparts should encourage and support broodstock holding with farmerswho have perennial water in their ponds.

• Women’s participation needs to be strengthened wherever possible. Ad-hoc selection ofvenue, length and schedule of the training need to be carefully identified to suit specificwomen requirements.

• Basic equipment items (especially orlon cages) could be made available from provincialoffices (equipment credit scheme/ seasonal loan)

• Distribution and availability of hormones should be a priority for DLF in the future,especially in areas where there is a demand for Puntius production. The hormonesshould not be left in the sole control of the Provincial hatcheries.

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APPENDIX I

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Trainer – Fish fry production from small-scale hatcheries

BACKGROUND

In Lao PDR the demand for fish fingerlings for extensive aquaculture is high. Existinggovernment fish seed farms cannot fulfil either the requirement for quantity or the need fordelivery/production in the locality of fish culture. As a result, fish fingerlings are currentlyimported from neighbouring countries such as Thailand, China and Vietnam by entrepreneursthat have access to transport. These imported fish are expensive and the quality is ofteninferior to locally produced fish due to the excessive transport time. Distribution of fish fry isalso limited to those areas with access to major trade routes.

Local production of fry and their subsequent nursing to fingerling size can be profitable andthese activities are essential components for further aquaculture development in Lao PDR.Production of fish fry by farmers themselves also avoids over-dependence on the provincialhatcheries or foreign imports. The low investment and operation cost of small-scale fryproduction and nurseries may be attractive to small private entrepreneurs in areas where thereis good potential for aquaculture, but activity is constrained by lack of fingerlings.

Training activities will build on the progress of 1998 by providing training in fry productiontechniques directly to farmers in their provinces. In some cases (e.g. Xieng Khouang) thetraining will be provided in their village demonstrating how simple techniques of fishproduction can enhance the potential of their rice-fish systems. The Provincial/districtcounterparts who will assist with the training will then perform further training withoutsupervision. Training in Oudomxay and Savannakhet will also be village-based. In the caseof Sekong the training will be held in the provincial hatcheries (principally because thishatchery is in the middle of the most promising fry production area.

Terms of Reference

1. Conduct a field based fish fry production training course in Oudomxay, Xieng Khouang,Savannakhet and Sekong Provinces.

2. The objectives of the training courses are:

• To provide working demonstrations to farmers of how fry can be produced at villagelevel using simple low-cost techniques.

• To demonstrate to Provincial and District counterparts how to organise a simple villagelevel training in fry production.

3. The training courses will be performed during two visits. For common carp culture in theNorthern provinces, the first training courses will occur in late April (common carpproduction is already well underway in many provinces) and for Puntius spawning there willbe the second set of courses at the end of May, early June.

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4. Submit a succinct report to the Department of Livestock and Fisheries, FAO and UNDPregarding itinerary and training activities performed for each mission.

Qualifications/Work experience:

• Degree in Aquaculture Technology with specialisation in fish breeding.• Practical experience of small-scale hatchery technology transfer to rural fish

farmers and small scale entrepreneurs, preferably in SE Asia.• Approximately ten years experience in the design and operation of warmwater

freshwater fish hatcheries. Small-scale hatchery design and operation anadvantage.

• Demonstrated experience in breeding and production of common carp and/orPuntius species essential. Experience of Chinese carp culture would be helpful.

• Proficiency in Thai or Lao language is essential for farmer training activities.

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APPENDIX II

ITINERARY – TRIP 1

Date Location Subject2nd May • Arrive Vientiane

• Fly to Luang Pabang• Finalise initial work schedule for consultancy• Discuss workshop outlines and training activities

3rd May • Drive to Phonsavanh,Xieng KhouangProvince

• Meet Provincial counterpart to discusspreparations for training

4th May • Phonsavanh• Kan Ho Provincial

hatchery• Travel to Kham

District

• Observe fish production• Recommend fry nursing methods• Discuss success of Suprefact in fish spawning

5th – 8th May • Ban Muang Sam,Kham district

• 3 days Farmertraining

• Broodstock selection• Pond preparation, water supply• Paddy modifications for rice field nurseries• Construction of small equipment items for

demonstration• Egg incubation techniques• Hatching and nursing techniques• Nursery feeds and feeding

9th May • Travel to Oudomxay

10th May • Visit provincialhatchery to discussimprovements

• Daphone Farm, Xaidistrict

• Hatchery nursery tanks and other facilities thatrequire minor modifications

• Check broodstock for training• Check equipment and facilities at farmers ponds

for training

11th -13 th May • Daphone Farm, Xaidistrict

• 3 days Farmer training

• Broodstock selection• Pond preparation, water supply• Construction of small equipment items for

demonstration• Egg incubation techniques• Hatching and nursing techniques• Nursery feeds and feeding

14th May • Return Luang Pabang• Visit Nah Luang

station

• Discuss forthcoming trials in fish nursing in cages

15th MayVientiane

• Return Vientiane • Discussion on further work schedule• Report writing

16th May • Return Bangkok

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APPENDIX III

ITINERARY – TRIP 2

Date Location Subject29th May • Arrive Vientiane

• Drive to Savannakhet• Finalise initial work schedule for consultancy• Discuss workshop outlines and training activities

30th May • Drive to Sekong • Meet Provincial counterpart to discuss preparationsfor training

• Check broodstock and training location• Visit Hooay Keeow hatchery (under construction)

and provide advice on modification to water storagereservoir which had not been constructed accordingto design specifications.

31st – 2nd June • Lamam district• 3 days Farmer

training


demonstration• Egg incubation techniques• Hatching and nursing techniques• Nursery feeds and feeding• Puntius and common carp produced

3rd June • Travel toSavannakhet

• Meet Provincial counterpart to discuss preparationsfor training

• Check broodstock and training location• Visit Pak Bor Station and assist ADA in

recommendations for further improvements4th June • Visit provincial

hatchery to discussimprovements

• Training site,Outomphon district

• Comment of recent modifications and discuss furtherimprovements

• Visit Pak Bor Station and assist ADA inrecommendations for further improvements

• Check equipment and facilities at farmers ponds fortraining

5th – 8th June • Outomphon district• 3 days Farmer

training


demonstration• Egg incubation techniques• Hatching and nursing techniques• Nursery feeds and feeding• Puntius and common carp produced

8th June • Return Vientiane • Discuss options for small-scale hatchery visit toThailand

10-11th June • Vientiane • Report writing• Meet Deputy Director-General, DLF for discussions

regarding mission and also inter-country co-operation

12th June • Return Bangkok

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APPENDIX IV

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITIES FOR FRY AND FINGERLING PRODUCTION

TRAINING COURSE : MAY – JUNE 1999

Preparationday

• View training location with ADA and project counterparts (provincial and central)• Discuss requirements for materials and basic equipment items with counterparts• Describe training approach with counterparts• Check broodstock numbers and conditions (pre-prepared by counterparts)• Take video footage of this process (Oudomxay only) and also visit provincial

hatchery• Locate newly hatched/first feeding fry (if possible) – locally produced or from

government hatcheryDay 1 am • Introduction to fish breeding and explanation to farmers reason for training

course.• Discussion with farmers about what their requirements are – which species,

when, production methods, what are the fish to be used for?• Farmers describe existing local fry production systems.• Walk through village or site and discuss critical aspects of hatchery location –

water availability, suitable ponds, other requirements.• Modification of demonstration pond by farmers, improving water supply, deepen

water cut grass etc. (depending upon requirement of training location).• Farmers set up spawning and rearing equipment in demonstration pond.• Make frame from bamboo and make artificial grass.• Make water spray system from local materials if possible. Otherwise use blue

pipe and ask farmers for suitable alternatives

Day 1 PM • Selection of broodstock – encourage farmers to feel differences between maleand female broodstock. Farmers perform selection of suitable fish

• Broodstock placed in spawning pond or spawning cage depending uponavailability.

• Further discussions with farmers regarding local conditions and productionsystems

Day 2 am • Remove broodstock from cage or eggs from spawning pond• Check eggs attached to spawning material – transfer to hapa or small nursery

pond• Modify spray to aerate eggs• Demonstrate preparation of larval feeds

Day 2 PM • Using first feeding fry or older fingerlings – demonstrate feeding techniques• Feeding methods for fry and also discuss broodstock feeding• Why is broodstock maintenance important?• Nursing of fry in cages introduced and demonstrated• Farmer discussions regarding local methods of fry feeding and maintenance

Day 3 am • Farmers discussions – what is their preference for fish spawning and fryproduction

• Farmers prepare drawing of hatching and nursing system that they could use intheir own ponds.

Day 3 PM • Other activities/village visit or visit to nearby ponds that produce fry/fingerlings.

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APPENDIX VDOCUMENTS PRODUCED BY LAO/97/007

The following documents have been produced by LAO/97/007.

STS Field Documents:

No. 1 Mini-Hatchery Development

No. 2 Socio-economics and Gender in Aquaculture (English version)

No. 2L Socio-economics and Gender in Aquaculture (Lao version)

No. 3 Small-Scale Fish Hatcheries for Lao PDR (English version)

No. 3L Small-Scale Fish Hatcheries for Lao PDR (Lao version)

No. 4 Broodstock and Hatchery Management

No. 5 Guidelines for broodstock management (English version)

No. 5L Guidelines for broodstock management (Lao version) (In press)

No. 6 Farmer training in small-scale hatchery techniques

No. 1 Government Fish Fry Production Facilities in Lao P.D.R. (December 1997)

No. 2 Current Production Constraints and Suggested Improvements at Nongteng Fish SeedStation, Vientiane, Lao P.D.R.

No. 3 Timetable of Project Activities 1998

No. 4 Proposed Strategy for Extension of Aquaculture to Farmers Groups

No. 5 Comments on Proposed Fish Hatchery/Seed Station at Hooay Keeow,Lamam District, Sekong Province

No. 6 Introduction to the Provincial Aquaculture Development Project -Potential for Collaboration and Co-ordination

No. 7 Training Notes for Workshop on Fish Culture Extension(Oudomxay and Savannakhet, March 1998) (English version)

No. 7L Training Notes for Workshop on Fish Culture Extension(Oudomxay and Savannakhet, March 1998) (Lao version)

No. 8L Fish Culture in small ponds, Extension Handout (Lao version)

No. 9L Nursing fish in cages, Extension Handout (Lao version)

No. 10L Rice-fish culture, Extension Handout (Lao version)