Minor Parts of SpeechMinor Parts of Speech PronounsPronouns AuxiliariesAuxiliaries

ConjunctionsConjunctions DeterminersDeterminers

QualifiersQualifiers PrepositionsPrepositions

IsolatesIsolates

PRONOUNSPRONOUNS

Definition: a word that replaces a Definition: a word that replaces a noun or noun phrasenoun or noun phrase

Types of PronounsTypes of Pronouns

PersonalPersonal DemonstrativeDemonstrative

ReflexiveReflexive IntensiveIntensive IndefiniteIndefinite

Personal PronounsPersonal Pronouns

PersonPerson 11stst Person Person

• SpeakerSpeaker 22ndnd Person Person

• AddresseeAddressee 33rdrd Person Person

• Innocent bystander Innocent bystander

NumberNumber SingularSingular PluralPlural

CaseCase Subjective (he)Subjective (he)

• Functions as the Functions as the subjectsubject

Objective (him)Objective (him)• Functions as the objectFunctions as the object

Possessive (his)Possessive (his)

GenderGender MasculineMasculine FeminineFeminine NeuterNeuter

Demonstrative Demonstrative PronounsPronouns

Definition: words that point out an Definition: words that point out an object and are often accompanied object and are often accompanied with pointing gesturewith pointing gesture

Singular

this

that

Plural

these

those

Reflexive & Intensive PronounsReflexive & Intensive Pronouns

Definition: form ends in Definition: form ends in –self–self ReflexiveReflexive

ObjectObject Ex. Hillary hurt Ex. Hillary hurt herselfherself..

IntensiveIntensive ModifierModifier Ex. Hillary bought Ex. Hillary bought herselfherself a new car. a new car.

Indefinite PronounsIndefinite Pronouns

““leftover class of pronouns”leftover class of pronouns”

all

QUANTIFIERS

anybody

everyone

each

most

none

several

another

some

everybody

AUXILAIRIESAUXILAIRIES ““Helping Verbs: words that may join with the Helping Verbs: words that may join with the

true verb in making up the complete verb of true verb in making up the complete verb of a sentencea sentence

VoiceVoice ActiveActive

• Single verbSingle verb• Point of view of the doerPoint of view of the doer• Ex. Jake called every member of the class.Ex. Jake called every member of the class.

PassivePassive• Form of be (auxiliary) followed by past Form of be (auxiliary) followed by past

participle form of main verbparticiple form of main verb• Point of view of the person effected by actionPoint of view of the person effected by action• Ex. Every member of the class was called by Ex. Every member of the class was called by

Jake.Jake.

CONJUNCTIONSCONJUNCTIONS COORDINATINGCOORDINATING

Connect two Connect two elements of equal elements of equal grammatical statusgrammatical status

ExampleExample• andand• butbut• oror• forfor• nornor• soso

SUBORDINATINGSUBORDINATING Connect structures Connect structures

of unequal of unequal grammatical statusgrammatical status

Connect clauses Connect clauses onlyonly

DETERMINERSDETERMINERS Signifies that a noun is comingSignifies that a noun is coming Modifies a noun but cannot be made Modifies a noun but cannot be made

comparative or superlativecomparative or superlative Precedes adjectives in a noun phrasePrecedes adjectives in a noun phrase

Words: the, a, an, our, this, some, Words: the, a, an, our, this, some, every, first, allevery, first, all

QUALIFERSQUALIFERS WordsWords

moremore mostmost veryvery quitequite ratherrather somewhatsomewhat each each

Definition: modifies Definition: modifies an adjective or an an adjective or an adverb, either adverb, either strengthening or strengthening or weakening its weakening its meaningmeaning

PREPOSITIONSPREPOSITIONS Definition: a word that Definition: a word that

shows the relation of a shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to noun or pronoun to some other word in the some other word in the sentencesentence

Usually followed by a Usually followed by a noun phrasenoun phrase

““Anything a plane can Anything a plane can do to a cloud” do to a cloud”

Example: above, Example: above, around, through, around, through, behind, with, to, at, behind, with, to, at, during during

ISOLATESISOLATES Definition: Words Definition: Words

that are not that are not grammatically grammatically connected to other connected to other sentence parts and sentence parts and are typically are typically separated with separated with commascommas

Indicates the Indicates the speaker’s attitude speaker’s attitude or feelingsor feelings

OUCH!!

THAT’S ALL FOLKS!THAT’S ALL FOLKS!This concludes our This concludes our study of the minor study of the minor parts of speech. parts of speech.

Congratulations!!Congratulations!! You made it!You made it!