MIS-648MIS-648November 20, 2006November 20, 2006

Arcelynn EsmanaArcelynn Esmana

Ayanna RobertsAyanna Roberts

Ed SheltonEd Shelton

INFORMATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: TECHNOLOGY:

KENYAKENYA

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AGENDAAGENDA

► Kenyan DemographicsKenyan Demographics► Technology SceneTechnology Scene► IT SWOT AnalysisIT SWOT Analysis► ProposalsProposals

Educational DevelopmentEducational Development Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture

► Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers

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KENYAKENYA

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PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTESPHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

► GeographyGeography Kenyan highlands Kenyan highlands Mount KenyaMount Kenya

► ClimateClimate Tropical along coastTropical along coast Arid in interiorArid in interior

► Natural HazardsNatural Hazards Recurring droughtRecurring drought Flooding during rainy seasonFlooding during rainy season

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SOCIO-CULTURE PICTURESOCIO-CULTURE PICTURE► Official Languages: English & SwahiliOfficial Languages: English & Swahili► 9 Ethnic Groups9 Ethnic Groups► Republic GovernmentRepublic Government

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DEMOGRAPHICSDEMOGRAPHICS► Population: 34.7 MillionPopulation: 34.7 Million► Median Age: 18.2 YearsMedian Age: 18.2 Years► Population Growth Population Growth

Rate: 2.57%Rate: 2.57%► Life Expectancy: 48.93 Life Expectancy: 48.93

YearsYears► Literacy: 85.1% over 15 Literacy: 85.1% over 15

years oldyears old 90.6% Male90.6% Male 79.7% Female79.7% Female

Source: The World FactbookSource: The World Factbook

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ECONOMICSECONOMICS

► Currency: Kenyan ShillingsCurrency: Kenyan Shillings Exchange Rate: 75.554 per Dollar Exchange Rate: 75.554 per Dollar

► GDP: $37.15 billion; Per capita: $1,100 (2005)GDP: $37.15 billion; Per capita: $1,100 (2005)► Gini Index: 44.5 (1997)Gini Index: 44.5 (1997)► Labor Force 11.85 millionLabor Force 11.85 million

75% agriculture 75% agriculture 25% industry & services25% industry & services

► Unemployment Rate: 40% (2001)Unemployment Rate: 40% (2001)► Population below poverty line: 50% (2000)Population below poverty line: 50% (2000)

Source: The World FactbookSource: The World Factbook

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TECHNOLOGY SCENETECHNOLOGY SCENE

►Kenya National Council for Science and Kenya National Council for Science and TechnologyTechnology

►Training centers and universities Training centers and universities SoftwareSoftware Basic computer skillsBasic computer skills ProgrammingProgramming Systems analysisSystems analysis

►Government training staff Government training staff Objective: mainstreaming within all Objective: mainstreaming within all

schoolsschools Analysis: basic school requirementsAnalysis: basic school requirementsSource: Information Technology Landscape in KenyaSource: Information Technology Landscape in Kenya

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E-COMMERCEE-COMMERCE

► Progressed through tourism industryProgressed through tourism industry► DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Credit cards are uncommonCredit cards are uncommon User trust of Internet for transactionsUser trust of Internet for transactions

► Poor telecommunicationPoor telecommunication► One of the largest Internet sectors in One of the largest Internet sectors in

Africa with over 30 ISPsAfrica with over 30 ISPs

Source: The African Internet – A Status ReportSource: The African Internet – A Status Report

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Africa OnlineAfrica Online

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IT PRODUCER CHARACTERISTICSIT PRODUCER CHARACTERISTICS

► E-commerce – tourism, E-commerce – tourism, manufacturing, insurancemanufacturing, insurance

► Private universitiesPrivate universities► IT Training CentersIT Training Centers► 30 ISPs30 ISPs► 560 Internet Hosts560 Internet Hosts► JamboNet - Internet gateway JamboNet - Internet gateway

backbone servicebackbone service Source: Mgmt. of Global IT@ American UniversitySource: Mgmt. of Global IT@ American University

Kenyan Tourist on Safari

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INDUSTRIES USING INDUSTRIES USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

►UniversitiesUniversities►Public LibrariesPublic Libraries►Community CentersCommunity Centers► Internet CafesInternet Cafes►Tourism IndustryTourism Industry► IT Workforce IT Workforce

Programmers, software developers, Programmers, software developers, hardware maintenance engineers, hardware maintenance engineers, systems analysts & consultantssystems analysts & consultants

Source: Mgmt. of Global IT@ American UniversitySource: Mgmt. of Global IT@ American University

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IT USERS - TeachingIT USERS - Teaching►Kenyatta UniversityKenyatta University►Government StaffGovernment Staff►Educational PlansEducational Plans

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BUSINESS CLIMATE OF BUSINESS CLIMATE OF KENYAKENYA

►History of economic leadership in E. History of economic leadership in E. AfricaAfrica

►Recent decline in development eroded Recent decline in development eroded positionposition

►Poor economic policiesPoor economic policies►CorruptionCorruption►Deterioration of public servicesDeterioration of public services►Economic Recovery Strategy (ERS)Economic Recovery Strategy (ERS)

Source: U.S. Department of StateSource: U.S. Department of State

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IT STRENGTHS & IT STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSESWEAKNESSES

STRENGTHS

•STABLE COUNTRY

•INTERNET USE

GROWING

•E-COMMERCE

INCREASING

WEAKNESS

•LACK OF TRAINED

PROFESSIONALS

•HIGH INTERNET COST

•LACK OF R&D

Source: Information Technology Landscape in KenyaSource: Information Technology Landscape in Kenya

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IT OPPORTUNITIES & THREATSIT OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS

OP

PO

RTU

NIT

IES

TH

REA

TS

• EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

• PRECISION AGRICULTURE

• POOR TELECOMMUNICATION STRUCTURE

• UNRELIABLE ELECTRIC POWER

• HIGH COST OF HARDWARE/SOFTWARE

Source: Information Technology Landscape in KenyaSource: Information Technology Landscape in Kenya & Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles& Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles

Proposal #1Proposal #1

Educational Educational DevelopmentDevelopment

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AVAILABLE EDUCATION IN AVAILABLE EDUCATION IN KENYAKENYA

►19851985 – “8-4-4” System Introduced – “8-4-4” System Introduced ►20032003 – Free education available – Free education available► Lack of proper fundingLack of proper funding

Poorly paid teachers causing strikesPoorly paid teachers causing strikes Lack of computers Lack of computers Unequipped labsUnequipped labs

► Overcrowding Overcrowding ► Not enough teachersNot enough teachers► Poor personal attention to individual studentsPoor personal attention to individual students

► Private universitiesPrivate universitiesSource: Wikipedia – Education in KenyaSource: Wikipedia – Education in Kenya

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EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTEDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTBACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

► Students without computer experience: 55% Students without computer experience: 55% Little access to computersLittle access to computers Rare to have computer trainingRare to have computer training

► Teachers with no or little IT experience to train Teachers with no or little IT experience to train students: 75% students: 75% Highly-motivated teaching Highly-motivated teaching forceforce

► Limited resourcesLimited resources EquipmentEquipment R&DR&D Trained professionalsTrained professionals

Source: eLearning Africa 2006Source: eLearning Africa 2006

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EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

► Needed infrastructure improvementsNeeded infrastructure improvements Computer communicationsComputer communications Network availabilityNetwork availability Power resources Power resources Teacher training and curriculum Teacher training and curriculum

developmentdevelopment

► Facilities to upgrade (with computers Facilities to upgrade (with computers & Internet, radio, TV, phones, etc.)& Internet, radio, TV, phones, etc.) Public primary & secondary schoolsPublic primary & secondary schools Public universitiesPublic universities

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EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

► External FundingExternal Funding Corporate support Corporate support Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Foreign Government Grants – UK Government 7-Foreign Government Grants – UK Government 7-

Billion Shillings towards free education in KenyaBillion Shillings towards free education in Kenya Kenyan Government – create demand pull Kenyan Government – create demand pull

► Long-Term BenefitsLong-Term Benefits Socio-economic developmentSocio-economic development Improved educationImproved education Career advancement opportunitiesCareer advancement opportunities Increased E-CommerceIncreased E-Commerce

Proposal #2Proposal #2

Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture

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KENYA’S AGRICULTURE KENYA’S AGRICULTURE INDUSTRYINDUSTRY

► Source of food and income to 75% of Source of food and income to 75% of populationpopulation

► Products include tea, coffee, corn, wheat, Products include tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, livestock, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, livestock, etc.etc.

► Contribution to GDP: 26% Contribution to GDP: 26% ► Foreign Exchange Earnings: 60% Foreign Exchange Earnings: 60% ► 1/3 Land = Agriculturally Productive1/3 Land = Agriculturally Productive► 2/3 Land = Semi-arid and low rain fall2/3 Land = Semi-arid and low rain fall

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► Government supportGovernment support Focus on poverty alleviationFocus on poverty alleviation Sustainability of agricultural productionSustainability of agricultural production

► Farmer demandFarmer demand Client oriented agricultural innovationsClient oriented agricultural innovations Pasture improvementPasture improvement

Source: Int’l Info SystemSource: Int’l Info System for Agricultural Sciences & Technologyfor Agricultural Sciences & Technology

KENYA’S AGRICULTURE KENYA’S AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY CON’TINDUSTRY CON’T

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PRECISION AGRICULTUREPRECISION AGRICULTURE►Management strategy that uses ITManagement strategy that uses IT

Data compilation for crop production decisionsData compilation for crop production decisions Satellite imagery, GPS network, and the InternetSatellite imagery, GPS network, and the Internet

► 3 Aspects for Crop Production3 Aspects for Crop Production Data CollectionData Collection Analysis & ProcessingAnalysis & Processing Recommendation & ApplicationRecommendation & Application

► BenefitsBenefits Improved resource useImproved resource use Increased profitsIncreased profits Reduced environmental impacts Reduced environmental impacts

Source: Agricultural Outlook/April 1998Source: Agricultural Outlook/April 1998

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► ChallengesChallenges PA is a new technologyPA is a new technology Farmer access to computers and InternetFarmer access to computers and Internet Poor IT infrastructure in rural areasPoor IT infrastructure in rural areas Affordability (Cost = $9-$23 per acre)Affordability (Cost = $9-$23 per acre)

► Training ResourcesTraining Resources Kenya Agriculture Research Institute (KARI)Kenya Agriculture Research Institute (KARI) Farmer Training Centers (FTCs)Farmer Training Centers (FTCs) Agricultural Colleges & UniversitiesAgricultural Colleges & Universities

► Funding SourcesFunding Sources GovernmentGovernment KARIKARI

PRECISION AGRICULTUREPRECISION AGRICULTURE

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PROPOSAL SUMMARYPROPOSAL SUMMARY

► Educational DevelopmentEducational Development External fundingExternal funding Highly motivated teachersHighly motivated teachers Improved overall socio-economic Improved overall socio-economic

developmentdevelopment

► Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture Government supportGovernment support Farmer demandFarmer demand Training resourcesTraining resources

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