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The City of HoustonThe City of Houston’’s s Mobile Ambient Air Monitoring Laboratory: Mobile Ambient Air Monitoring Laboratory:
Our Experiences with LocalOur Experiences with Local--Scale Air MonitoringScale Air Monitoring
Mobile Laboratory Program Team:Mobile Laboratory Program Team:James Rhubottom, Jr., Dr. Youjun Qin, Dr. Peter ChenJames Rhubottom, Jr., Dr. Youjun Qin, Dr. Peter Chen
Program ManagerProgram Manager: Dr. Wei: Dr. Wei--Yeong WangYeong Wang
2009 NAAMC 2009 NAAMC --04Nov0904Nov09
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The Bureau of Air Quality ControlThe Bureau of Air Quality Control’’s (BAQC)s (BAQC) Mobile Ambient Air Monitoring Laboratory Mobile Ambient Air Monitoring Laboratory
(MAAML)(MAAML)
Funding provided by the U.S. EPA and the Houston Endowment, Inc.Funding provided by the U.S. EPA and the Houston Endowment, Inc.
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Data Logger
Fuel/CarrierGas Supply
Gas Chromatograph
Capillary Column
Dean’s Switch
PLOT Column
Sampling Tower
Mass Spectrometer
Flame IonizationDetector
ModemServer
Thermal Desorber
MeteorologicalTower/GPS
BAQC
MAAML InstrumentationMAAML Instrumentation
PM Monitor
Ozone Monitor
IR/Video Camerasand PID
SUMMA Canisteror Tedlar Bag
44
Meteorological StationMeteorological Station
Wind Speed and DirectionWind Speed and Direction
GPS Position DataGPS Position Data
Relative HumidityRelative Humidity
Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure
Ozone MonitorOzone Monitor
Particulate MonitorParticulate Monitor
PM 10PM 10
PM 2.5PM 2.5
Particle Size Distribution Graphs (0.3 Particle Size Distribution Graphs (0.3 –– 20 microns)20 microns)
MAAML Instrumentation MAAML Instrumentation -- CapabilitiesCapabilities
55
IR and Video CamerasIR and Video Cameras
GC/FID/MSD Analytical Platform (Field and FixedGC/FID/MSD Analytical Platform (Field and Fixed--Base)Base)
Analysis of calibrated VOCAnalysis of calibrated VOC’’ss
Near realNear real--time ambient air analysestime ambient air analyses
SUMMA canister sampling and analysisSUMMA canister sampling and analysis
Tedlar bag sampling and analysisTedlar bag sampling and analysis
Software library for identification of unknown VOCSoftware library for identification of unknown VOC’’ss
Software SupportSoftware Support
Forward and backward trajectoriesForward and backward trajectories
RealReal--time concentration vs. time series plots for multiple time concentration vs. time series plots for multiple pollutants of interestpollutants of interest
Atmospheric modeling via incorporation of ISC3 modelAtmospheric modeling via incorporation of ISC3 model
MAAML Instrumentation MAAML Instrumentation -- CapabilitiesCapabilities
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The Case for LocalThe Case for Local--Scale Air MonitoringScale Air Monitoring
The proximity of residential and mixedThe proximity of residential and mixed--use zones to use zones to industrial applications from light to heavy necessitates industrial applications from light to heavy necessitates an action plan for localan action plan for local--scale monitoringscale monitoring
LocalLocal--scale air monitoring can provide a more rapid response to scale air monitoring can provide a more rapid response to unplanned emissions events in support of air quality issuesunplanned emissions events in support of air quality issues
Citizen complaints help Citizen complaints help ““drive the boatdrive the boat”” in directing limited in directing limited resources for monitoring runsresources for monitoring runs
Successes from localSuccesses from local--scale monitoring becomes selfscale monitoring becomes self-- perpetuatingperpetuating
Accomplishments showcase impact of the team approach in Accomplishments showcase impact of the team approach in resource allocationresource allocation
Achievements can also bring about new ventures and Achievements can also bring about new ventures and opportunities to add value to existing air quality improvement opportunities to add value to existing air quality improvement effortsefforts
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The Case for LocalThe Case for Local--Scale Air Monitoring Scale Air Monitoring –– Part 1Part 1
MAAML deployment at a local metal casting facilityMAAML deployment at a local metal casting facility
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GIS view GIS view -- MAAML deployment at a local remediation firmMAAML deployment at a local remediation firm
The Case for LocalThe Case for Local--Scale Air Monitoring Scale Air Monitoring –– Part 2Part 2
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Impacted sites within 1000 feet include:Impacted sites within 1000 feet include:
Daycare & schoolDaycare & school
ChurchChurch
Numerous residential & commercial propertiesNumerous residential & commercial properties
A second school is located 1600 feet from the facilityA second school is located 1600 feet from the facility
Case Study #1 Case Study #1 –– Background InformationBackground Information
Still photo from Fox26 HoustonStill photo from Fox26 Houston
1010
BAQC/MLP notification of fire at facility BAQC/MLP notification of fire at facility –– 1650 04Aug09 1650 04Aug09 (all times CDT) (all times CDT)
MLP arrival with MAAML on site MLP arrival with MAAML on site -- 1725 04Aug091725 04Aug09
Start time for MAAML collection of PM data Start time for MAAML collection of PM data –– 1735 04Aug091735 04Aug09
Start time for MAAML collection of VOC data Start time for MAAML collection of VOC data –– 1730 04Aug091730 04Aug09
Case Study #1 Case Study #1 ––Rapid ResponseRapid ResponseParticulate concentrations measured by GRIMM at CES on 08/04/09
0
30
60
90
120
150
16:4
6
16:5
6
17:0
6
17:1
6
17:2
6
17:3
6
17:4
6
17:5
6
18:0
6
18:1
6
18:2
6
18:3
6
18:4
6
18:5
6
19:0
6
19:1
6
19:2
6
19:3
6
19:4
6
19:5
6
20:0
6
20:1
6
20:2
6
Time (CES)
Part
icul
ates
(ug
m-3)
PM10PM2.5TSP
PM2.5 24h standard
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Table 1: Estimated maximum emission rates from scrubbers (lb/hr) Stack A Stack B Area emission 6/18/08~6/20/08 Benzene 0.93 0.15 0.67 (Site A) Styrene 1.94 0.31 1.41 VOC 17.61 2.84 12.74 6/21/08 Benzene 9.2* 301.4* 35.9* (Site C) Styrene 239.4* 7,816.4* 930.7* VOC 865.9* 28269.2* 3365.8* 6/31/08~7/1/08 Benzene 0.03 0.84 0.13 (Site D) Styrene 0.07 1.93 0.29 VOC 0.63 17.67 2.61 * Only two ambient samples analyzed
Case Study #1 Case Study #1 –– ISCST3 Modeling of MAAML DataISCST3 Modeling of MAAML Data
NorthNorth
ISCST3 modeling of MAAML data showing elevated estimated maximumISCST3 modeling of MAAML data showing elevated estimated maximum emissions rates for benzene, styrene, and VOCsemissions rates for benzene, styrene, and VOCs
•• Circles denote Scrubber A (bottom) and B (top)Circles denote Scrubber A (bottom) and B (top)•• Car symbols denote Sites A, B, D, and C (top to Car symbols denote Sites A, B, D, and C (top to bottom)bottom)
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Case Study #1 Case Study #1 -- PID Data PlotsPID Data Plots
Yellow 500 Yellow 500 --999 ppb999 ppb Red >1000 ppbRed >1000 ppb
NorthNorth
1313
Case Study #1 Case Study #1 –– IR/Video Stills (Site Survey)IR/Video Stills (Site Survey)
1414
Case Study #1 Case Study #1 –– Particulate Matter DataParticulate Matter Data
Particulate concentrations measured by GRIMM at CES on 08/04/09
0
30
60
90
120
150
16:4
6
16:5
6
17:0
6
17:1
6
17:2
6
17:3
6
17:4
6
17:5
6
18:0
6
18:1
6
18:2
6
18:3
6
18:4
6
18:5
6
19:0
6
19:1
6
19:2
6
19:3
6
19:4
6
19:5
6
20:0
6
20:1
6
20:2
6
Time (CES)
Part
icul
ates
(ug
m-3
)
PM10PM2.5TSP
PM2.5 24h standard
PM concentrations at fence line relative to PM standardsPM concentrations at fence line relative to PM standards
1515GIS view of MAAML deployment at local scrap metal recycling firmGIS view of MAAML deployment at local scrap metal recycling firm
Case Study #2 Case Study #2 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
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Particulate concentrations measured by GRIMM at CFF recycling plant on 8/14/2009
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
8:21
8:31
8:41
8:51
9:01
9:11
9:21
9:31
9:41
9:51
10:0
1
10:1
1
10:2
1
10:3
1
10:4
1
10:5
1
11:0
1
11:1
1
11:2
1
11:3
1
11:4
1
11:5
1
12:0
1
12:1
1
12:2
1
12:3
1
12:4
1
12:5
1
13:0
1
13:1
1
13:2
1
13:3
1
time (CST)
Part
icul
ate
(ugm
-3)
PM2.5PM10TSP
PM2.5 24hr standatrd
PM10 24hr standard
PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standard Annual Standard
PM concentrations at recycling firm relative to PM standardsPM concentrations at recycling firm relative to PM standards
Case Study #2 Case Study #2 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
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wind direction and wind speed measured at CFF recycling plant on 8/14/2009
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
28:
25
8:40
8:55
9:10
9:25
9:40
9:55
10:1
0
10:2
5
10:4
0
10:5
5
11:1
0
11:2
5
11:4
0
11:5
5
12:1
0
12:2
5
12:4
0
12:5
5
13:1
0
13:2
5
13:4
0
time (CST)
win
d sp
eed
(m/s
ec)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
win
d di
rect
ion
(deg
ree)
wind speed
wind direction
Wind speed and direction data during monitoring eventWind speed and direction data during monitoring event
Case Study #2 Case Study #2 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
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MAAML deployment site and PID monitoring points at a local storaMAAML deployment site and PID monitoring points at a local storage drum plant ge drum plant
Case Study #3 Case Study #3 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
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Time (CST)Time (CST) Sample IDSample ID HexaneHexane TolueneToluene m/pm/p--XyleneXylene oo--XyleneXylene
13:0013:00 am09020913am09020913 18.618.6 13.513.5 8.38.3 2.32.3
15:0015:00 am09020915am09020915 0.20.2 12.012.0 26.826.8 6.66.6
GC/MS data (ppbv) for compounds of interest GC/MS data (ppbv) for compounds of interest -- MAAML monitoring runMAAML monitoring run
Case Study #3 Case Study #3 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
2020
Case Study #3 Case Study #3 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
MAAML deployment site and resultant wind directions during monitMAAML deployment site and resultant wind directions during monitoring runoring run
2121
Particulate concentrations measured by GRIMM at Mauser on 09/02/09
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
7:38
8:03
8:28
8:53
9:18
9:43
10:0
8
10:3
3
10:5
8
11:2
3
11:4
8
12:1
3
12:3
8
13:0
3
13:2
8
13:5
3
14:1
8
14:4
3
15:0
8
15:3
3
15:5
8
Time (CST)
Part
icul
ate
(ug
m-3)
PM2.5
PM10
TSP
PM10 24h standard
Graph of PM concentration vs. time Graph of PM concentration vs. time -- MAAML monitoring runMAAML monitoring run
Case Study #3 Case Study #3 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
2222
Wind direction and Wind speed measured at Mauser on 09/02/09
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7:38
8:03
8:28
8:53
9:18
9:43
10:0
8
10:3
3
10:5
8
11:2
3
11:4
8
12:1
3
12:3
8
13:0
3
13:2
8
13:5
3
14:1
8
14:4
3
15:0
8
15:3
3
15:5
8
Time (CST)
Win
d Sp
eed
(mph
)
03060
90120150180
210240270300
330360
Win
d D
irec
tion
(deg
ree)
WSWD
Graph of wind speed and direction vs. time Graph of wind speed and direction vs. time -- MAAML monitoring runMAAML monitoring run
Case Study #3 Case Study #3 –– Response to Citizen ComplaintsResponse to Citizen Complaints
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LocalLocal--Scale Air Monitoring Scale Air Monitoring -- ConclusionsConclusions
The proximity of residential and mixedThe proximity of residential and mixed--use zones to use zones to industrial applications from light to heavy necessitates industrial applications from light to heavy necessitates an action plan for localan action plan for local--scale monitoringscale monitoring
LocalLocal--scale air monitoring can provide a more rapid response to scale air monitoring can provide a more rapid response to unplanned emissions events in support of air quality issuesunplanned emissions events in support of air quality issues
Citizen complaints help Citizen complaints help ““drive the boatdrive the boat”” in directing limited in directing limited resources for monitoring runsresources for monitoring runs
Successes from localSuccesses from local--scale monitoring becomes selfscale monitoring becomes self-- perpetuatingperpetuating
Accomplishments showcase impact of the team approach in Accomplishments showcase impact of the team approach in resource allocationresource allocation
Achievements can also bring about new ventures and Achievements can also bring about new ventures and opportunities to add value to existing air quality improvement opportunities to add value to existing air quality improvement effortsefforts
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The Future of LocalThe Future of Local--Scale Monitoring Scale Monitoring –– BAQC BAQC
An recent agreement between the City of Houston and An recent agreement between the City of Houston and the County Attorneythe County Attorney’’s Office for Harris County allows for s Office for Harris County allows for expansion of the MAAMLexpansion of the MAAML’’s locals local--scale monitoringscale monitoring
More Bureau resources can assist in addressing air quality More Bureau resources can assist in addressing air quality problems outside City limits that impact Houston residents problems outside City limits that impact Houston residents
Recognition of Bureau successes including numerous MAAML Recognition of Bureau successes including numerous MAAML monitoring runs emphasizes the value other agencies have seen monitoring runs emphasizes the value other agencies have seen in the Cityin the City’’s approach to air quality issuess approach to air quality issues
The BureauThe Bureau’’s incorporation of the MAAML as a vehicle s incorporation of the MAAML as a vehicle for enhancing the investigation of CAA violations and for enhancing the investigation of CAA violations and citizen complaints reflects what the MAAML can provide citizen complaints reflects what the MAAML can provide in the area of localin the area of local--scale air monitoring.scale air monitoring.
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
U.S. EPA, Region 6U.S. EPA, Region 6
U.S. EPAU.S. EPA
Texas Commission on Environmental QualityTexas Commission on Environmental Quality
Houston Endowment, Inc.Houston Endowment, Inc.
Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC)Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC)
Providence Engineering, LLPProvidence Engineering, LLP
Quantum AnalyticsQuantum Analytics
Agilent TechnologiesAgilent Technologies
Met One Instruments, Inc.Met One Instruments, Inc.
Stephen Williams, M.Ed., M.P.A. Stephen Williams, M.Ed., M.P.A. –– Director HDHHSDirector HDHHS
Arturo Blanco, M.P.A. Arturo Blanco, M.P.A. –– Chief, BAQCChief, BAQC
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MLP Personnel ContactsMLP Personnel Contacts
Dr. WeiDr. Wei--Yeong Wang: Yeong Wang: [email protected]@cityofhouston.net
James Rhubottom: James Rhubottom: [email protected]@cityofhouston.net
Dr. Youjun Qin Dr. Youjun Qin –– [email protected]@cityofhouston.net
Dr. Peter Chen Dr. Peter Chen –– [email protected]@cityofhouston.net
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Questions?Questions?