mon., sept. 15, 2014 chapter 1 pages 11-21. what is demography? the study of human populations,...
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Mon., Sept. 15, 2014
Chapter 1
Pages 11-21
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What is Demography?The study of
human populations,
including their size, growth,
density, distribution, and
rates of birth, marriage, and
deaths.
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Population Density
•The number of people living per unit of an area (usually per square mile).
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Birth RateThe number of live births each year per 1000 people in a population.Death RateThe number of deaths each year per 1000 people in a population.
Total Fertility RateAverage number of children that women have.
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Demographic Transition• Definition – the change from HIGH
birth/death rates to LOW birth/death rates – usually accompanies a cluster of other changes such as change from subsistence economy (families produce own food) to a cash economy (families purchase necessities with $), increased education rates, and urbanization
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Migration• The movement of people from one location to another in any setting, whether within a community, within a country, or between countries.
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EmigrantA person who exits a country to live elsewhere.
ImmigrantA person who moves into a country.
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Migration Factors
•Push Factors – Problems that “push” people out of one area into another. Ex. Hunger, landlessness, political instability, etc.
•Pull Factors – Benefits that “pull” people into a new area. Ex. Jobs, housing, etc.
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Zero Population Growth (ZPG):
birth rate + immigration rate =
death rate + emigrant rate
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Age Structure Diagrams (Often Called Population
Pyramids)• Classifies a population by gender and by 5
year increments. May classify a population by pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive phases.
• We’re going to draw the shape of what a country looks like with rapid, slow, zero, or negative growth
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP):The total market value of all the
goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specific time period.
GDP Per Capita: GDP divided by the total population of a country. Average.Population Below Poverty Line: Percentage of population making less than GDP per capita.
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Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)• Definition: the amount that the local
currency equivalent of U.S. $1 will purchase in a given country
• GDP Per Capita PPP: the total market value of all goods and services produced within the borders of a nation in a year, divided by the total population of a country and adjusted for purchasing power parity
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United Nations Human Development Index (HDI)
• The ranking of countries based on 3 indicators of well being– Life expectancy at birth– Educational attainment– Income adjusted to purchasing power parity
• This is more complex than just looking at the GDP of a country
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Developing Country (LDC): Undeveloped economyNo modern technologyNo industrial productionLow standard of livingDependent on developed countries
Developed Country (MDC):Well developed economyModern technologyModern industryHigh standard of living
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Characteristic MDC LDC
GDP Per Capita & Income High Low
Percent in Middle Class High Low
Percent in Manufacturing High Low
Energy Use High Low
Percent Urban High Low
Percent Rural Low High
Birth Rate Low High
Death Rate Low Low (higher than MDC)
Population Growth Rate Low High
Percent Under Age 15 Low High
Percent Literate High Low
Leisure Time Available High Low
Life Expectancy High Low
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https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/