Mormon MigrationWHAT IS MIGRATION? THE MOVEMENT OF HUMANS FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER-CAUSED BY PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

Where did the LDS or “Mormon” church begin??

HERE

NOT HERE

Who is the founder?

Joseph Smith claimed to be prophet 1820–(age 14) claimed his First Vision 1823–(age 17) claimed to find gold plates with religious writings on

them near his home from an angel named Moroni 1830–(age 24) Published the Book of Mormon- a translation of those

gold plates 1830–(age 24) started the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints the group began to call themselves “Saints” enemies began calling them ‘Mormons”

Persecution Comes Early

THE LDS CHURCH WAS SOON FORCED TO MOVE FROM NEW YORK

BELIEFS were the main reason Joseph Smith’s claims of seeing God Joseph Smith’s claims of being a prophet Mormons claimed that this was the only true church New members often broke ties with family and friends

Moving to Kirtland, Ohio= GROWTH

The Church organization was formed here President (Prophet), 12 Apostles, Bishops, other leaders The first LDS temple was dedicated here on March 27, 1831 A world-wide missionary system was developed where

members were sent to foreign countries to teach and convert people to the LDS Church. BONUS QUESTION: What do we call a religion that

travels and tries to convert people??ANSWER: Universalizing Religion

Leaving Kirtland Ohio

Unfortunately, the members of the LDS church had to migrate once again, because of the following:

•Beliefs caused ridicule•As the LDS Church grew, members began OUTNUMBER non-members. This made non-members nervous. On to Independence, Missouri

Reasons for Missouri Persecution

WRITE EVERYTHING DOWN: Slavery: Mormons opposed slavery; most of Missouri

supported slavery Immigration: Mormons brought immigrants with them,

most people were afraid of new people and immigrants Community: Mormons worked in and as large groups (for

protection) Politics: Mormons voted in unified blocks (vote the same)

Extermination Order

October 27, 1838 –Gov. Boggs issued an Extermination Order to: arrest top LDS leaders, force all Mormons out of the state, or kill all who resist or

stay behind Not officially ended until June 25, 1976 and Missouri finally apologized in 1991 October 30, 1838 –Hawn’s (Haun) Mill Massacre

75 families living here in Missouriabout 240 men came and attacked17 LDS men and boys killed

Winter of 1838

Joseph Smith is arrested and sent to Liberty Jail Brigham Young became the temporary Church leader Thousands of Mormons left Missouri in the winter and

traveled to Illinois They didn’t want to go further west

Utah was NOT the original plan Missouri was on the western U.S. Border Going west would take them outside the U.S. They were still loyal to the U.S!

Nauvoo, Illinois

A city made from a swampy bend of the Mississippi River.The land was cheap- no one wanted it Welcomed here Nauvoo became one of the two largest cities (Chicago

) peace for almost 5 years Nauvoo was well planned

Big square blocks, Temple in the center of town, businesses and churches in the center of town, homes built in city, farms on the outskirts of towns

just like Salt Lake City

Problems in Nauvoo

The Nauvoo Charter-SUMMARIZE Smith asked the state for special rights because of past treatment to his church members The state let Nauvoo have extra rights The government would be run more by church leaders than non-church leaders Smith became both mayor and general of the local militia (army) All of this made surrounding towns nervous The Nauvoo Legion- SUMMARIZE The city had own militia (army) 3,000 men at its greatest Almost as large as the U.S. Army at the time, All men 18 and over were expected to join Smith was the military leader Only used as a defense and ceremonial group used to scare enemies

Problems with Politics

Politics- SUMMARIZE Mormons used their size (number of voters) to try to get

politicians to support their ideas Political parties in Illinois saw the Mormons as a threat and

kicked them out Joseph Smith ran for President of the United States in 1844 Smith and his brother were killed before the November election

so his name was not on the ballot James K. Polk became President of the United States in 1844 Polk helped start the Mexican War to take over western America This war led to the Mormon Battalion and Utah becoming a U.S. Territory

Problems with Polygamy

The belief that a man can have more than one wife at the same time Some Church members disagreed, left the Church, became enemies,

and spread the word to others The Final Blow Destruction of the Nauvoo Expositor, an anti-Mormon

newspaper Mayor Smith ordered the city council to send police to destroy the

press, said the paper threatened public safety The press was wrecked, type destroyed, and papers ruined after only

one printing Smith’s enemies now felt they had a reason to arrest him

Carthage Jail and Mob Attack Gov. Ford of Illinois promised Smith safety if he would appear for

his freedom of the press trial (LIE) Smith didn’t believe the governor so his friends came with him June 27, 1844: a mob of 150 men attacked Carthage Jail where

Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, John Taylor and Willard Richards were being held before the freedom of the press trial

The mob stormed the jail and broke into the second floor room where the men were being held and began firing their weapons

John Taylor was badly wounded and Willard Richards was not severely injured

Joseph and Hyrum Smith were both killed

Winter Quarters Brigham Young ( new leader of church) says it is time to

leave and move west Young decided on a place in Nebraska which would be

known as Winter Quarters (term used by mountain men and trappers)

Winter Quarters housed almost 4,000 Latter-day Saints by December. For the next two years, 8,000 LDS immigrants would also come

Problems at Winter Quarters

About 2,000 Mormons died in Winter Quarters between June 1846 and October 1848. REASONS:

1. large storms 2. scarce supplies 3. malaria 4. inadequate shelters 5. long, traumatic journey

Winter Quarters was the last stop before the trail to the west began for the Mormons.

Mormon Battalion

Asked by U.S. President Polk to help support the war with Mexico

Brigham Young agrees believes this will help relations and fund the trek west

They never fought but marched to California Were among the first to find Gold at Sutter’s Fort

Most returned to Utah This is how Polk agreed to eventually make Utah a

territory