“Motivation is the work a manager performs to inspired, encourage, people to take required action”

Nature and Characteristics Motivation

• Is an internal feeling• Motivation is related to needs• Motivation lead to goal oriented behaviour• Motivation can be positive or negative

Importance of Motivation

1.Puts human resources into action

Every concern requires physical, financial and human resources to accomplish the goals.

2. Improves level of efficiency of employees

The level of a subordinate or an employee does not only depend upon his qualifications and abilities.

3. Leads to achievement of organizational goals

The goals of an enterprise can be achieved

4. Builds friendly relationship

Motivation is an important factor which brings employees satisfaction.

Need TheoryNeed Theory

People are motivated to obtain outcomes at work to satisfy their needs.

1)Managers must determine what needs worker wants satisfied.

2)Ensure that a person receives the outcomes when performing well.

– Several needs theories exist.• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.• Alderfer’s ERG.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Self-Actualization

Self-Actualization

Realize one’s full potentialRealize one’s full potential

Use abilities to the fullest

Use abilities to the fullest

EsteemEsteem Feel good about oneselfFeel good

about oneselfPromotions

& recognitionPromotions

& recognition

BelongingnessBelongingness Social interaction, love

Social interaction, love

Interpersonal relations, partiesInterpersonal

relations, parties

SafetySafety Security, stabilitySecurity, stability Job security, health insurance

Job security, health insurance

PhysiologicalPhysiological Food, water, shelter

Food, water, shelter

Basic pay level to buy items

Basic pay level to buy items

Need Level Description Examples

Lower level needs must be satisfied before higher needs are addressed.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological

Safety & Security

Love (Social)

Esteem

SA

Lowes

t to

high

est o

rder

Motivational Theories X & Y

Physiological

Safety & Security

Love (Social)

Esteem

SA Theory Y - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by higher order needsTheory X - a set of assumptions of how to manage individuals motivated by lower order needs

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factor - work condition related to dissatisfaction caused by discomfort or pain– maintenance factor– contributes to employee’s feeling not dissatisfied– contributes to absence of complaints

Motivation Factor - work condition related to the satisfaction of the need for psychological growth– job enrichment– leads to superior performance & effort