mt 6: california geology lt 1: natural hazards. why are we studying ca geology? we live in...
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MT 6: CALIFORNIA GEOLOGYLT 1: Natural Hazards
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Why are we studying CA Geology?
• We live in California and it is a state standard.
• California has major, unique geological features and history.
• California is located on the west coast of the United States. The United States is part of the North American continent.
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• The North American plate meets the Pacific plate directly under the crust of our state.
• California is in a zone of major plate movement and activity.
• California was formed as a result of this tectonic plate movement for thousands of years.
• Also California has been carved from wind, water, ice, and erosion on the surface of the Earth to form our unique landscape.
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So what is the unique landscape of California?
• Very tall and large mountain range called the Sierra Nevada Range.
• Large Eastern deserts.
• Located directly in contact with the largest ocean in the world called the Pacific Ocean.
• Northern California is cooler and receives more precipitation.
• Southern California is warmer and receives less precipitation.
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CA Natural Hazards
• The most dangerous events and natural hazards that result from them for different areas of Ca are
• Storms
• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes
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CA: Natural Hazards
•What is the importance?•Natural hazards
can cause damage
and endanger human life
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CA Natural Hazards
•Storms (excess of Precipitation)
-Winter storms typically
bring rain to lower elevations and snow to the mountains.
-Two main storm-related hazards in California are mudflows and flooding.
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CALIFORNIA’S STORM HAZARDS• MUDFLOWS-
• A mudflow often starts in a depression on a steep hillside. • At first, a mudflow moves fairly slowly-about 16 kilometers per hour. • But as the mud engulfs more and more loose debris, it picks up
speed. • At top speed, a mudflow can move nearly 60 kilometers per hour,
destroying everything in its path.
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CALIFORNIA’S STORM HAZARDS• FLOODING-
• Flooding Is another California storm hazard. • Some of the state’s floods are regional floods. • Some flooding in California occurs when excessive rainfall causes
dams and levees to fail.
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CA Natural Hazards
• Earthquakes-When Californian’s thinks of Natural Hazards, Earthquakes are the first to come in mind.
-Hundreds of earthquakes occur each day in California.
-But the stronger Earthquakes, especially quakes with a magnitude of 5 or higher can be dangerous.
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CALIFORNIA’S EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
• TSNUNAMIS – • Is a wave formed when the ocean floor shifts suddenly during an earthquake. • As a Tsunami nears land and begins to break, the Tsunami can grow to enormous
size.• A Tsunami gains speed as it gets closer to land• A Tsunami acts like a wall of water
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CALIFORNIA’S EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
• SIESMIC SHAKING – • Is a measure of how much ground movement occurs during an earthquake. • Seismic Shaking reflects the behavior of an earthquake’s seismic waves. • Can cause buildings, freeways and structures to collapse
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CALIFORNIA’S EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
• LIQUEFACTION –• Occurs when water-soaked soil turns to a thick, soupy liquid during an earthquake• As liquefaction takes place, buildings and other structures quickly collapse into soft
mud.
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CALIFORNIA’S EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
• LANDSLIDES – • Occur on steep slopes where sediment is loose or where rocks are highly
fractured. • Earthquakes can also cause landslides in areas that are underlain by weak
soils.
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CA Natural Hazards•Volcanoes
• Many are surprised to learn that
parts of the state are at risk from
volcano‘s.
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CALIFORNIA’S VOLCANIC HAZARDS
• VOLCANIC ASH – • the dust that comes off the burning rock of the volcano.
• Can be harmful to plant, animal and human respiratory system
• Can block incoming solar radiation that is needed to survive
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CALIFORNIA’S VOLCANIC HAZARDS• LAVA FLOWS – • Lava flow is produced when lava breaks through the surface of a volcano and starts to travel down the sides.
• Lava flows can destroy whole villages and help create new land masses.
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CALIFORNIA’S VOLCANIC HAZARDS• VOLCANIC GASES-• Magmatic gases and high-temperature volcanic gases,
• Low-temperature volcanic gases and hydrothermal systems,
• Non-explosive volcanic gas release
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WHICH HAZARD DO YOU THINK EFFECTS YOU THE MOST?