mullapperiyar dam case.pdf

8/12/2019 Mullapperiyar Dam case.pdf

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REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION

ORIGINAL SUIT NO. 3 OF 2006

State of Tamil Nadu Plaitiff

Ve!"u"

State of #e!ala $ A!% Defedat"

JUDGMENT

R.M. LODHA, CJI.

T&i" Cou!t !emai" "ei'ed of t&e (!o)lem *it& !e+a!d to t&e *ate!

le,el of Mulla(e!i-a! dam afte! it &ad "ol,ed o ./%0.%.001 2Mullaperiyar

Environmental Protection Forum13 )e4au"e t&e #e!ala State Le+i"latu!e

ea4ted t&e la* immediatel- t&e!eafte! fi5i+ ad limiti+ Full Re"e!,oi! Le,el

2FRL3 to 671 ft%

Mullaperiyar dam : 1886 Lease Agreement

.% Mulla(e!i-a! dam 8 a ma"o!- dam 8 *a" 4o"t!u4ted (u!"uat

to t&e Pe!i-a! La9e Lea"e A+!eemet dated .:%60%6;;1 2% T&e dam i" "ituated at T&e99ad- Di"t!i4t i

#e!ala ad i" o*ed ad o(e!ated )- t&e Go,e!met of Tamil Nadu% ?- t&e

1 Mullaperiyar Environmental Protection Forum v. Union of India & Ors.; [(!!"# $ % "'$

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6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet )et*ee t&e Ma&a!a@a of T!a,a4o!e ad t&e

Se4!eta!- of State fo! Idia i Cou4il t&e lea"ed a!ea a" "et out t&e!ei *a"

+!ated o lea"e fo! ::: -ea!" f!om 06%06%6;;1% T&e le+t& of t&e mai dam

i" 6.00 ft% 271>%/1 m%3 ad to( of t&e dam i" 6>> ft% 2B/%.B m%3% T&e to( of "olid

(a!a(et ad ma5imum &ei+&t of t&e dam f!om dee(e"t foudatio a!e 6>; ft%

2B;%61 m%3 ad 6/1 ft% 2>7%1B m%3 !e"(e4ti,el-% T&e FRL of t&e dam i" 6>. ft%

2B1%77 m%3% T&e o!i+ial "(ill*a- 4a(a4it- of t&e dam *a" 60 ,et" of 71 5 61

260%:/ m% 5 B%;; m%3% T&e le+t& of t&e ?a)- dam i" .B0 ft% 2/7%6> m%3%

1979-1980 : Controversy about safety of te !am

7% I 6:/: *it& !e+a!d to t&e "afet- of t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam t&e

Go,e!met of #e!ala *!ote to t&e Tamil Nadu Go,e!met to ta9e immediate

"te(" to "t!e+t&e t&e dam% Simultaeou"l- t&e #e!ala Go,e!met al"o

!eue"ted t&e Cet!al Go,e!met to de(ute a team f!om Cet!al ate!

Commi""io 2CC3 to i"(e4t t&e dam ad "u++e"t "t!e+t&ei+ mea"u!e"%

B% I (u!"ua4e of t&e !eue"t f!om t&e #e!ala Go,e!met t&e t&e

C&ai!ma CC i"(e4ted t&e dam ad &eld a meeti+ o .>%66%6:/: i

*&i4& t&e offi4e!" f!om Tamil Nadu ad #e!ala (a!ti4i(ated% I t&at meeti+

t&!ee le,el mea"u!e" 2i3 eme!+e4- 2ii3 medium ad 2iii3 lo+ te!m *e!e

"u++e"ted to "t!e+t&e t&e dam% I t&e meatime it *a" !e4ommeded t&at

*ate! le,el i t&e !e"e!,oi! )e 9e(t at 671 ft% 2B6%B> m%3


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>% I t&e "e4od meeti+ &eld o .:%0B%6:;0 it *a" o(ied t&at

afte! t&e 4om(letio of eme!+e4- ad mediumte!m "t!e+t&ei+ mea"u!e"

t&e *ate! le,el i t&e !e"e!,oi! 4a )e !e"to!ed u( to 6B> ft% 2BB%. m%3%

1998 : Litigation begins

1% Tamil Nadu "a-" t&at all mea"u!e" 8 eme!+e4- medium ad

lo+ te!m a" "u++e"ted )- t&e CC &a,e )ee ude!ta9e )- it )ut de"(ite

t&at o 4o"e"u" 4ould )e !ea4&ed )et*ee t&e t*o State Go,e!met" 2of

Tamil Nadu ad #e!ala3 to !ai"e t&e *ate! le,el i t&e Mulla(e!i-a! !e"e!,oi!

)e-od 671 ft% T&i" led to t&e fili+ of um)e! of *!it (etitio" i t&e #e!ala

Hi+& Cou!t a" *ell a" i t&e Mad!a" Hi+& Cou!t "ometime i 6::; o t&e i""ue

fo! ad a+ai"t !ai"i+ of *ate! le,el i t&e Mulla(e!i-a! !e"e!,oi! ad t&e

"afet- of t&e dam% A" t&e 4ot!o,e!"- *a" (edi+ )efo!e t&e t*o Hi+& Cou!t"

ad t&e!e *a" li9eli&ood of 4ofli4ti+ @ud+met" "ome t!a"fe! (etitio" *e!e

filed )efo!e t&i" Cou!t%

/% O .;%0B%.000 i t&e t!a"fe! (etitio" t&i" Cou!t de"i!ed Uio

Mii"te! of ate! Re"ou!4e" to 4o,ee a meeti+ of t&e C&ief Mii"te!" of

#e!ala ad Tamil Nadu to ami4a)l- !e"ol,e t&e i""ue% T&e meeti+ *a"

4o,eed o 6:%0>%.000 )ut o 4o"e"u" 4ould )e !ea4&ed i t&e meeti+

a" *ell% Ho*e,e! i t&at meeti+ t&e Uio Mii"te! of ate! Re"ou!4e"

de4ided to 4o"titute a E5(e!t Committee to +o ito t&e detail" of t&e "afet-

of t&e dam ad ad,i"e &im o !ai"i+ of *ate! le,el i t&e !e"e!,oi!%

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;% O 6B%01%.000 t&e E5(e!t Committee *a" 4o"tituted &a,i+ t&e

follo*i+ te!m" of !efe!e4e%

m3 a" a !e"ult of "t!e+t&ei+ of t&e dam ad it" "afet- a" at 2a3a)o,e%=

:% Afte! iitial !e"i"ta4e t&e Go,e!met of #e!ala omiated oe

Mem)e! to t&e E5(e!t Committee%

60% T&e E5(e!t Committee +a,e it" fial !e(o!t o 61%07%.006% &ile

t&e matte! *a" ude! 4o"ide!atio )- t&e E5(e!t Committee it al"o +a,e

4e!tai ite!im di!e4tio"% I it" !e(o!t t&e E5(e!t Committee &ad o(ied t&at

*ate! le,el i t&e Mulla(e!i-a! !e"e!,oi! 4ould )e !ai"ed to 6B. ft% 2B7%.; m%3

a" t&at *ill ot eda+e! t&e "afet- of t&e mai dam i4ludi+ "(ill*a- )a)-

dam ad ea!t&e )ud%

"irst litigation before tis Court

66% De"(ite t&e a)o,e !e4ommedatio f!om t&e E5(e!t Committee

t&e Go,e!met of #e!ala 4otiued to !e"i"t !ai"i+ of *ate! le,el i t&e

!e"e!,oi! )e-od 671 ft% It *a" t&e t&at a *!it (etitio *a" filed )-

Mulla(e!i-a! E,i!ometal P!ote4tio Fo!um di!e4tl- )efo!e t&i" Cou!t

*&e!ei di,e!"e (!a-e!" *e!e made% T&i" Cou!t al"o t!a"fe!!ed t&e *!it

'


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6B% O 6;%07%.001 i le"" t&a t&!ee *ee9" of t&e de4i"io of t&i"

Cou!t i Mullaperiyar Environmental Protection Forum6 t&e #e!ala State

le+i"latu!e ameded .007 A4t )- t&e #e!ala I!!i+atio ad ate! Co"e!,atio

2Amedmet3 A4t .001 fo! "&o!t % I t&e Se4od S4&edule a((eded to t&e .001 2Amedmet3 A4t

t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam o*ed ad maitaied )- Tamil Nadu i" i4luded a"

Item No% 6 *&e!e t&e &ei+&t of t&e FRL &a" )ee fi5ed at 671 ft%

(e%ond litigation before tis Court : (uit by )amil *adu

*+e salient features of t+e !!" (,mendment# ,ct are as follo-si. In %ection / clause (0a# defines custodian2 to mean a %tate 3overnment-+ic+ +as esta4lis+ed or is runnin5 or ot+er-ise operatin5 any dam in 6erala. Furt+er/ clause (ala#defines %c+eduled 7am2 to mean any dam included in t+e second sc+edule. *+e very first entry int+e %econd %c+edule is t+e Mullai Periyar 7am.ii. In %ection )8 (1# t+e -ords 9%urveillance/ inspection: is replaced 4y9ensurin5 t+e safety and security:iii. Introduction of )8($# in main +apter II < onstitution of 7am %afety,ut+ority2 to 5ive effect to +apter II inspite of any ot+er la-s.iv. =eplacement of e>istin5 section "(1#(a# to (i# 4y ne- section " (1#(a# to

(0#. *+e ne-ly su4stituted %ection "(1#/ in so far as is material/ reads as under"(1# ?ot-it+standin5 anyt+in5 contained in any ot+er la-/ 0ud5ment/ decree or order of any ourtor in any treaty/ a5reement/ contract/ instrument or ot+er document/ t+e aut+ority s+all e>ercise t+efollo-in5 po-ers vi@A

(a#(4#(c# >>> >>> >>>(d# to direct t+e custodians to carry out anyalteration/ improvement/ replacement or stren5t+enin5 measures to any dam found to pose atreat to +uman life or property;(e# to direct t+e custodian to suspend t+efunctionin5 of any dam/ to decommission any dam or restrict t+e functionin5 of any dam if

pu4lic safety or t+reat to +uman life or property/ so reBuires;(f# to advise t+e 3overnment/ custodian/ orot+er a5encies a4out policies and procedures to 4e follo-ed in site investi5ation/ desi5n/construction/ operation and maintenance of dams;(5# to conduct studies/ inspect and adviset+e custodian or any ot+er a5ency on t+e advisa4ility of raisin5 or lo-erin5 of t+e Ma>imumCater Devel or Full =eservoir Devel of any dam not 4ein5 a sc+eduled dam/ tain5 intoaccount t+e safety of t+e dam concerned;(+# to conduct studies/ inspect and adviset+e custodian or any a5ency on t+e sustaina4ility or suita4ility of any dam not 4ein5 asc+eduled dam/ to +old -ater in its reservoir/ to 5et e>pert opinion of international repute/and provide advice 4y damA4rea analysis and independent study and to direct stren5t+enin5measures or reBuire t+e commissionin5 of a ne- dam -it+in a timeframe to 4e prescri4ed toreplace t+e e>istin5 dam;:

"


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61% T&e State of Tamil Nadu immediatel- t&e!eafte! i"tituted t&e

(!e"et "uit ude! A!ti4le 676 of t&e Co"titutio of Idia a+ai"t t&e State of

#e!ala% It i" e4e""a!- to ela)o!ate "ome*&at o fa4t" a" (!o4eedi+" a!e i

t&e atu!e of "uit i o!i+ial @u!i"di4tio of t&i" Cou!t% T&e (lait a,e!" t&at o

4omi+ ito fo!4e of t&e State" Reo!+ai"atio A4t 6:>1 2fo! "&o!t


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ad !atified 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet *&i4& *a" "tatuto!il- (!ote4ted ad

4otiued )- Se4tio 60; of t&e SR A4t%

+rounds of %allenge to #006 &Amendment' A%t

6;% T&e 4&alle+e to .001 2Amedmet3 A4t to t&e e5tet it affe4t"

Mulla(e!i-a! dam i" laid i t&e (lait o di,e!"e +!oud" "ome of *&i4& a!e

t&e follo*i+

2a3 T&e im(u+ed le+i"latio amout" to u"u!(atio of @udi4ial (o*e!

ia"mu4& a" #e!ala State Le+i"latu!e &a" a!!o+ated to it"elf t&e !ole of a

@udi4ial )od- ad &a" it"elf dete!mied t&e ue"tio" !e+a!di+ t&e dam "afet-

ad !ai"i+ t&e *ate! le,el *&e "u4& ue"tio" fall e54lu"i,el- *it&i t&e

(!o,i4e of t&e @udi4ia!- ad &a,e al!ead- )ee dete!mied )- t&i" Cou!t i it"

@ud+met dated ./%0.%.001%

2)3 .001 Amedmet A4t i" )e-od t&e le+i"lati,e 4om(ete4e of t&e

State of #e!ala i"ofa! a" it affe4t" t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam i ,ie* of Se4tio

60; of t&e SR A4t *&i4& i" a la* made )- Pa!liamet ude! A!ti4le" 7 ad B of

t&e Co"titutio *&i4& 4ofe! (lea!- (o*e! to t!a,e!"e all le+i"lati,e et!ie"

i all t&e t&!ee li"t" i4ludi+ Et!- 6/ Li"t II%

243 T&e im(u+ed le+i"latio i it" a((li4atio to t&e Mulla(e!i-a!

dam ,iolate" t&e !ule of la* ad t&e fede!al "t!u4tu!e ad t&e "e(a!atio of

(o*e! ude! t&e Co"titutio% T&e #e!ala State Le+i"latu!e &a" ta9e t&e la*

i it" o* &ad" afte! t&e de4la!atio of la* )- t&i" Cou!t% #e!ala &a,i+


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Su)"e4tio 273 al"o 4otai" a non-obstante4lau"e ad !eui!e"

(!io! 4o"et i *!iti+ of t&e aut&o!it- fo! i4!ea"i+ "to!a+e

4a(a4it- ad fo! doi+ a- a4t o! *o!9 fo! "u4& (u!(o"e%

Su)"e4tio 2B3 di!e4t" a- a4t o! *o!9 fo! (!e(a!atio )- a-

e5e4utat to "to( t&e *o!9 immediatel- ad to a((l- fo! 4o"et

of t&e aut&o!it-%

Se4tio 1;A (!ote4t" t&e aut&o!it- ad a- offi4e! o! em(lo-ee

f!om a- "uit (!o"e4utio o! ot&e! le+al (!o4eedi+" i !e"(e4t

of a-t&i+ doe ude! t&e A4t ad al"o ou"t" t&e @u!i"di4tio of

4i,il 4ou!t"%

.001 2Amedmet3 A4t i" ot a ,alidatio a4t )ut a me!e de,i4e

to def- o)"t!u4t ad ullif- t&e @ud+met of t&i" Cou!t ad

4o"titutioall- ite!fe!e *it& !e"t!i4t o! e5ti+ui"& t&e le+al !i+&t"

of Tamil Nadu a" u(&eld )- t&i" Cou!t% A Le+i"latu!e 4aot )-

me!e de4la!atio ad ea4tmet o,e!!ule ad ullif- a @udi4ial

de4i"io% T&e di!e4t o)@e4t ad effe4t of t&e im(u+ed le+i"latio

i" to o,e!tu! t&e @ud+met of t&i" Cou!t ad to a!!o+ate to #e!ala

t&e (o*e! to (!e,et Tamil Nadu f!om e5e!4i"i+ it" le+al !i+&t"

*&i4& &a,e al!ead- )ee u(&eld )- t&i" Cou!t%

1!


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6:% O t&e a)o,e +!oud" Tamil Nadu &a" "ou+&t t*ofold !elief 2i3

to de4la!e t&e .001 2Amedmet3 A4t (a""ed )- t&e #e!ala le+i"latu!e a"

u4o"titutioal i it" a((li4atio to ad effe4t o t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam ad 2ii3

to (a"" a de4!ee of (e!maet i@u4tio !e"t!aii+ t&e fi!"t defedat f!om

a((l-i+ ad efo!4i+ t&e im(u+ed le+i"latio ite!fe!i+ *it& o! o)"t!u4ti+

t&e (laitiff f!om i4!ea"i+ t&e *ate! le,el to 6B. ft% ad f!om 4a!!-i+ out t&e

!e(ai! *o!9" a" (e! t&e @ud+met of t&i" Cou!t dated ./%0.%.001 i % P%

2Ci,il3 No% 7;1 of .006 *it& 4oe4ted matte!"% T&e Uio of Idia &a" )ee

im(leaded a" defedat o% . i t&e "uit%

!efen%e by ,erala

.0% #e!ala &a" t!a,e!"ed t&e 4laim of Tamil Nadu o me!it" ad &a"

al"o !ai"ed o)@e4tio" a)out t&e maitaia)ilit- of t&e "uit% #e!ala" defe4e i"

t&at t&e 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet fo! ::: -ea!" la("ed ude! t&e (!o,i"io" of

Se4tio /2632)3 of t&e Idia Ide(ede4e A4t 6:B/ 20 t&e lea"e *a" 4otiued a" a tem(o!a!- lea"e o aual

)a"i"% Afte! .1%06%6:>0 e,e t&e tem(o!a!- 4otiuatio of t&e lea"e 4ame to

a ed% T&e (o""e""io of t&e lad &eld ad 4otiued )- t&e t&e

Go,e!met of Mad!a" ad o* Tamil Nadu afte! .1%06%6:>0 &a" o @u!idi4al

)a"i"%

.6% #e!ala "tate" t&at 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet o t&e )a"i" of *&i4&

Tamil Nadu &a" laid it" 4laim i" a u4o"4ioa)le 4ot!a4t )e4au"e of it"

du!atio 2::: -ea!"3 a" *ell a" t&e fa4t t&at t&e lea"e 4o,e-" fo! a "mall !et

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a ,ital !e"ou!4e of #e!ala% T&e lea"e *a" o)taied )- t&e Se4!eta!- of State

fo! Idia i E+lad o),iou"l- )- &oldi+ t&!eat of (a!amout4- o,e! Ma&a!a@a

of T!a,a4o!e *&o *a" &i" ,a""al%

..% A" !e+a!d" t&e t*o "u((lemetal a+!eemet" of 6:/0 #e!ala

"tate" t&at t&e"e a+!eemet" &a,e ot )ee e5e4uted i te!m" of madato!-

(!o,i"io" of A!ti4le .:: of t&e Co"titutio ad t&e!efo!e t&e- do ot

4o"titute 4ot!a4t" i t&e e-e of la*% I a- e,et t&e"e a+!eemet" do ot

)id t&e State le+i"latu!e at all%

.7% A)out .001 2Amedmet3 A4t it i" "tated t&at #e!ala le+i"latu!e

ea4ted t&e A4t !e+ulati+ t&e "to!a+e le,el" of .. dam" li"ted i t&e Se4od

S4&edule !ead *it& Se4tio 1.A 263 a" t&e"e dam" fall eti!el- *it&i t&e

te!!ito!- of #e!ala ad t&e"e dam" a!e 4o"ide!ed to )e eda+e!ed o

a44out of t&ei! a+e de+ee!atio de+!adatio "t!u4tu!al o! ot&e!

im(edimet"% #e!ala "tate" t&at "u4& la* i" (e!fe4tl- ,alid% Ude! Se4tio

1.A273 of t&e .001 2Amedmet3 A4t t&e FRL 4a )e i4!ea"ed )e-od 671

ft% afte! o)taii+ (!io! 4o"et of t&e Dam Safet- Aut&o!it- &eaded )- a

!eti!ed Jud+e of t&e Hi+& Cou!t% If Tamil Nadu a((!oa4&e" ude! Se4tio

1.A273 #e!ala !e"e!,e" it" !i+&t to o((o"e "u4& (lea )- demo"t!ati+ &o*

"u4& i4!ea"e *ould lead to "(!ead of )a49*ate! )e-od t&e 4otou! lie of

6>> ft% ad &o* t&e flo!a ad faua i4ludi+ e4olo+- *ould )e de"t!o-ed% T&e

im(a4t of i4!ea"ed "to!a+e" o t&e "afet- of t&e dam *ill al"o )e

demo"t!ated )efo!e t&e Dam Safet- Aut&o!it-% T&i" *a" ot t&e matte! t&at

*a" !eui!ed to )e 4o"ide!ed )- t&i" Cou!t i t&e (!e,iou" 4a"e "i4e i t&at

1


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4a"e t&e fo4al i""ue *a" t&e im(li4atio" of t&e i4!ea"e i &ei+&t u(o t&e

"afet- ad ite+!it- of t&e dam% .001 2Amedmet3 A4t 4!eate" a *o!9i+

me4&ai"m to deal *it& a (!o)lem li9e di"(la4emet of t&o"e *&o"e lad" a!e

li9el- to )e affe4ted )- t&e )a49*ate! effe4t%

.B% T&e 4om(ete4- of #e!ala le+i"latu!e to ea4t t&e .001

2Amedmet3 A4t i" "ou+&t to )e @u"tified )- !el-i+ u(o Et!ie" 6/ ad 6; of

Li"t II 2State Li"t3 ad Et!ie" 6/ 6/A ad 6/? of t&e Co4u!!et Li"t of t&e

Se,et& S4&edule to t&e Co"titutio% #e!ala al"o "tate" t&at it i" 4om(etet

fo! t&e #e!ala le+i"latu!e to modif- t&e te!m" of t&e lea"e i (u)li4 ite!e"t 2if

t&e lea"e &a" "u!,i,ed a" 4oteded )- t&e Tamil Nadu3 a" t&e lea"e

i&e!ited ude! A!ti4le .:> of t&e Co"titutio doe" ot )id t&e le+i"latu!e of

t&e "tate ad t&at it i" al*a-" o(e to t&e le+i"latu!e to modif- "u4& 4oditio"

)- la*%

.>% A" !e+a!d" "t!u4tu!e of t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam #e!ala" "tad i"

t&at it i" ot 4o"t!u4ted eti!el- *it& !u))le ma"o!- i lime mo!ta!% T&e f!ot

ad !ea! fa4e" a!e 4o"t!u4ted of u4ou!"ed !u))le ma"o!- i lime mo!ta!%

T&e &ea!ti+ 24ete! 4o!e3 i" of lime "u!9&i 4o4!ete t&e!efo!e dam 4aot )e

4o"ide!ed a" &omo+eeou" ma"o!- dam ude! a- 4i!4um"ta4e"% I ,ie*

of #e!ala a dam 4ould e,e! &a,e )ee iteded to !emai fo! lo+ -ea!"

*it&out de4ommi""ioi+ at "ome (oit of time% Fo! t&i" )a49+!oud (eo(le i

#e!ala li,i+ i t&e do*"t!eam !e+io of t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam &a,e !ai"ed

"e!iou" a((!e&e"io" a+ai"t t&e "afet- of t&e "t!u4tu!e%

1$


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.1% #e!ala &a" deied t&at !i,e! Pe!i-a! i" a ite!"tate !i,e!% It &a"

a""e!ted t&at !i,e! Pe!i-a! i" a it!a"tate !i,e! a" it !i"e" i Kuilo Di"t!i4t i

#e!ala ad t!a,e!"e" ol- t&!ou+& t&e te!!ito!- of #e!ala )efo!e falli+ ito t&e

A!a)ia "ea% T&e total 4at4&met of Pe!i-a! )a"i i" >7:; "% 9m% of *&i4&

ol- a)out 667 o! 66B "% 9m% lie *it&i t&e te!!ito!- of Tamil Nadu% E,e t&i"

"mall 4at4&met of 667 "% 9m% l-i+ i Tamil Nadu i" i t&e do*"t!eam

!e+io of t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam% T&e!efo!e o *ate! f!om t&i" 4at4&met i"

4ot!i)uted to t&e 9itt- of Mulla(e!i-a! dam%

./% A" !e+a!d" t&e ea!lie! @ud+met of t&i" Cou!t #e!ala" "tad i"

t&at t&e @ud+met 4o4luded t&e i""ue !elati+ to "afet- of t&e (eo(le ad

de+!adatio of t&e e,i!omet a(a!t f!om i""ue a!i"i+ f!om A!ti4le 717 of

t&e Co"titutio% T&e do4t!ie of res judicatao! constructive res judicata&a"

o !ele,a4e to t&e ue"tio of (o*e!" o t&e #e!ala le+i"latu!e to !e+ulate

t&e "to!a+e le,el of t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam i la!+e! (u)li4 ite!e"t )-

le+i"latio% #e!ala "tate" t&at t&e im(u+ed le+i"latio !emo,e" t&e le+al )a"i"

of t&e @ud+met i%e% t&e !i+&t of Tamil Nadu to "to!e *ate! u( to 6B. ft% i

Mulla(e!i-a! !e"e!,oi!% T&e le+i"latu!e i" 4om(etet to !emo,e t&e )a"i" of a-

@ud+met ad t&e!efo!e it i" ot (e!mi""i)le fo! Tamil Nadu to 4laim a- !i+&t

to "to!e *ate! at Mulla(e!i-a! dam )e-od 671 ft% #e!ala &a" a""ailed t&e

fidi+" ad 4o4lu"io" i t&e ea!lie! @ud+met dated ./%0.%.001 o all

(o""i)le +!oud"%

.;% #e!ala &a" !ai"ed t&e o)@e4tio a)out maitaia)ilit- of t&e

(!e"et "uit ude! A!ti4le 676 of t&e Co"titutio of Idia% A44o!di+ to #e!ala

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)e4au"e t&e )a"i" of 4laim made )- Tamil Nadu lie" i t&e 6;;1 Lea"e

A+!eemet *&i4& i" a 4ot!a4tual !i+&t leadi+ to 4i,il di"(ute if a- )ut it i"

ot i di"(ute i t&e 4o"titutioal 4ote5t a" !eui!ed ude! A!ti4le 676 of t&e

Co"titutio of Idia% #e!ala" fu!t&e! 4a"e i" t&at 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet *a"

e5e4uted )et*ee t&e Ma&a!a@a of T!a,a4o!e ad Se4!eta!- of State fo! Idia

i E+lad ad a" "u4& t&e a+!eemet i" i t&e atu!e of t!eat- ad a4t of

"tate t&e efo!4emet of *&i4& i" )a!!ed )- (!o,i"o to A!ti4le 676 of t&e

Co"titutio% Tamil Nadu t&e!efo!e 4aot "ee9 efo!4emet of 6;;1 lea"e

deed )efo!e t&i" Cou!t%

.:% #e!ala &a" al"o 4&alle+ed t&e !e(o!t of t&e E5(e!t Committee fo!

a""e""i+ t&e "t!u4tu!al "afet- of t&e dam t&at *a" !elied u(o )- t&i" Cou!t i

it" @ud+met o ./%0.%.001% #e!ala "a-" t&at )ot& t&e ite!im !e(o!t ad

fial !e(o!t "u)mitted )- t&e E5(e!t Committee a!e !iddled *it&

i4o"i"te4ie" ad t&e ,ie*" of t&e Committee do ot 4o"titute a

aut&o!itati,e o(iio% #e!ala &a" deied t&at "to!a+e" at Mulla(e!i-a! dam

)e-od 671 ft% *ill ot (o"e a- da+e!%

70% #e!ala "tate" t&at t&e "to!a+e at Mulla(e!i-a! dam )e-od 671 ft%

*ould ot )e !eui!ed to meet t&e i!!i+atio !eui!emet of .0;6BB a4!e" i >

"out&e! di"t!i4t" of Tamil Nadu alt&ou+& t&e i!!i+atio o!i+iall- (laed *a"

ot mo!e t&a 6%> la9& a4!e"% #e!ala &a" deied t&e 4otetio of Tamil Nadu

t&at due to o!e"to!atio of FRL f!om 671 ft% Tamil Nadu" i!!i+atio i"

+etti+ "uffe!ed% A44o!di+ to #e!ala Tamil Nadu *a" a)le to i!!i+ate mo!e

a!ea *it& Mulla(e!i-a! *ate! e,e afte! lo*e!i+ t&e *ate! le,el to 671 ft%

1)


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76% #e!ala &a" t&u" (!a-ed t&at "uit filed )- Tamil Nadu )e

di"mi""ed *it& 4o"t"%

ssues

7.% O 67%6.%.00/ t&e Cou!t f!amed t&e follo*i+ i""ue" fo!

4o"ide!atio i t&e "uit

% &et&e! t&e "uit )a"ed o a le+al !i+&t 4laimed ude! t&e lea"edeed e5e4uted )et*ee t&e Go,e!met of t&e Ma&a!a@a of

1"


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T!a,a4o!e ad t&e Se4!eta!- of State fo! Idia o .:%60%6;;1 i")a!!ed )- t&e (!o,i"o to A!ti4le 676 of t&e Co"titutio of Idia

1% &et&e! t&e fi!"t defedat i" e"to((ed f!om !ai"i+ t&e (leat&at t&e deed dated .:%60%6;;1 &a" la("ed i ,ie* of "u)"euet4odu4t of t&e fi!"t defedat ad e5e4utio of t&e "u((lemetala+!eemet" dated .:%0>%6:/0 !atif-i+ t&e ,a!iou" (!o,i"io" of t&eo!i+ial Deed dated .:%60%6;;1%

/% &et&e! t&e lea"e deed e5e4uted )et*ee t&e Go,e!met oft&e Ma&a!a@a of T!a,a4o!e ad Se4!eta!- of State fo! Idia o.:%60%6;;1 i" ,alid )idi+ o fi!"t defedat ad efo!4ea)le )-(laitiff a+ai"t t&e fi!"t defedat%

;% &et&e! t&e fi!"t defedat i" e"to((ed f!om 4otedi+ t&atPe!i-a! Ri,e! i" ot a ite!State !i,e!%

:% &et&e! t&e offe! of t&e fi!"t defedat to 4o"t!u4t a e* dama4!o"" Ri,e! Pe!i-a! i t&e do*"t!eam !e+io of Mullai Pe!i-a! Dam*ould meet t&e ed" of @u"ti4e ad !eui!emet" of (laitiff%

60% &et&e! t&e fi!"t defedat 4a o)"t!u4t t&e (laitiff f!omi4!ea"i+ t&e *ate! le,el of Mullai Pe!i-a! Dam to 6B. ft% ad f!om4a!!-i+ out !e(ai! *o!9" a" (e! t&e @ud+met dated ./%.%.001 of t&i"Cou!t i P2C3 No% 7;1.006%

66% To *&at !elief i" t&e (laitiff etitled to=

!o%umentary and oral eviden%e by te parties

77% T&e admi""iodeial of do4umet" tede!ed )- t&e (a!tie" *a"

4om(leted o 61%0>%.00;% Do4umet" E5% P6 to E5% PBB tede!ed )- Tamil

Nadu *e!e admitted )- #e!ala ad do4umet" E5% D6 to D6/ tede!ed )-

#e!ala *e!e admitted )- Tamil Nadu% Tamil Nadu" do4umet" E5% P6 to

PB ad #e!ala" do4umet" E5% D6 to D.B *e!e deied )- t&e ot&e! "ide%

7B% A" !e+a!d" o!al e,ide4e Tamil Nadu (!odu4ed R% Su)!amaia

2P63 a" t&e "ole *ite""% O t&e ot&e! &ad #e!ala (!odu4ed fi,e

18


18/158Page 18

*ite""e" V%#% Ma&aude,a 2D63 #% Ja-a9uma! 2D.3 D!% A%#%

Go"ai 2D73 D!% D&!u)a@-oti G&o"& 2DB3 ad M%#% Pa!ame"*a!a Nai!

2D>3%

.eferen%e to te /-udge Constitution en%

7>% Iitiall- t&e matte! *a" &ea!d )- a t&!eeJud+e ?e4&% O

60%66%.00: matte! *a" !efe!!ed to t&e Co"titutio ?e4& a" "ome of t&e

i""ue" f!amed i t&e "uit i,ol,ed de4i"io o 4e!tai "u)"tatial ue"tio" of

la* 4o4e!i+ ite!(!etatio of t&e Co"titutio ad i (a!ti4ula!

2i3 A!ti4le" 7 ad B !ead *it& A!ti4le .B1 of t&e Co"titutio

2ii3 A!ti4le 676 !ead *it& A!ti4le 7. of t&e Co"titutio 2i t&e

4ote5t of res-judicata3

2iii3 P!o,i"o to A!ti4le 676 !ead *it& A!ti4le" .:> ad 717 of t&e

Co"titutio ad t&e effe4t of t&e Co"titutio 2.1t&

Amedmet3

A4t 6:/6 ad

2i,3 T&e effe4t of de4i"io of t&i" Cou!t i Mullaperiyar Environmental

Protection Forum1 i t&e 4ote5t of afo!e!efe!!ed 4o"titutioal

(!o,i"io"%

Constitution of te 2mpo3ered Committee &2C'

71% A ,e!- im(o!tat de,elo(met o44u!!ed *&e t&e matte! *a"

ta9e u( iitiall- )- t&e Co"titutio ?e4&% It *a" felt )- t&e Co"titutio

?e4& t&at e5amiatio of all a"(e4t" of t&e matte! i4ludi+ "afet- of

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19/158Page 19

Mulla(e!i-a! dam )- a Em(o*e!ed Committee 2EC3 ma- &el( t&e Cou!t i

de4idi+ t&e matte! effe4ti,el-% A44o!di+l- o 6;%0.%.060 t&e Co"titutio

?e4& di!e4ted t&e Cet!al Go,e!met to 4o"titute a EC ude! t&e

C&ai!ma"&i( of D!% A%S% Aad fo!me! C&ief Ju"ti4e of Idia ad 4om(!i"i+

of t*o mem)e!" omiated )- t&e State" of #e!ala ad Tamil Nadu ad t*o

!eo*ed te4&i4al e5(e!t"% T&e EC *a" !eue"ted to &ea! (a!tie" to t&e "uit

o all i""ue" t&at ma- )e !ai"ed )efo!e it *it&out )ei+ limited to t&e i""ue"

t&at &a,e )ee !ai"ed )efo!e t&e Cou!t i t&e matte! ad fu!i"& a !e(o!t a" fa!

a" (o""i)le *it&i "i5 mot&" f!om it" 4o"titutio% It *a" left o(e to t&e EC to

f!ame it" o* (!o4edu!e ad i""ue a((!o(!iate di!e4tio" a" to t&e &ea!i+" a"

*ell a" ,eue of it" "itti+" ad it *a" al"o left to t&e EC to !e4ei,e "u4&

fu!t&e! e,ide4e a" it 4o"ide!ed a((!o(!iate% It *a" &o*e,e! 4la!ified t&at

t&e le+al ad 4o"titutioal i""ue" i4ludi+ ,alidit- of t&e .001 Amedmet

A4t a!e matte!" t&at *ould )e 4o"ide!ed )- t&e Cou!t%

7/% T&e EC "u)mitted "tatu" !e(o!t" f!om time to time% T&e time fo!

+i,i+ fial !e(o!t *a" e5teded al"o% T&e !e(o!t *a" "u)mitted )- t&e

Em(o*e!ed Committee fiall- o .7%0B%.06.%

+eneral observation

7;% A" a +ee!al o)"e!,atio )efo!e *e em)a!9 u(o t&e di"4u""io

o di,e!"e i""ue" it mu"t )e "tated t&at a "uit of t&i" atu!e 4aot ad ou+&t

ot to )e de4ided *it& ,e!- te4&i4al a((!oa4& i"ofa! a" (leadi+" ad

(!o4edu!e a!e 4o4e!ed% A "uit filed i o!i+ial @u!i"di4tio of t&i" Cou!t i" ot

1G


20/158Page 20

+o,e!ed )- t&e (!o4edu!e (!e"4!i)ed i Ci,il P!o4edu!e Code "a,e ad

e54e(t t&e (!o4edu!e *&i4& &a" )ee e5(!e""l- made a((li4a)le )- t&e

Su(!eme Cou!t Rule"% It i" al"o im(o!tat to )ea! i mid t&at t&e 4ote"t

)et*ee t&e "tate" i" to )e "ettled i t&e la!+e ad am(le *a- t&at aloe

)e4ome" t&e di+it- of liti+at" 4o4e!ed 2State of Andhra Pradesh73%

Ufo!tuatel- t&e!e i" a "&a!( 4ofli4t o,e! ea4& ad e,e!- a"(e4t of t&e

"u)@e4t matte! )et*ee t&e 4ote"ti+ "tate"% E,e i !e"(e4t of t&e !e(o!t

"u)mitted )- t&e EC 4&ai!ed )- a fo!me! C&ief Ju"ti4e of t&i" Cou!t oe

omiee ea4& of t&e t*o "tate" *&o a!e fo!me! @ud+e" of t&i" Cou!t ad t*o

!eo*ed te4&i4al e5(e!t" t&e t*o "tate" &a,e diffe!et ,ie*" alt&ou+& EC

&a" "u)mitted it" !e(o!t afte! a ,e!- tediou" ad miute 4o"ide!atio of fa4t"

o t&e "afet- of t&e Mulla(e!i-a! dam *&i4& em)!a4ed t&e !e(o!t" of te"t"

i,e"ti+atio ad te4&i4al "tudie" 4a!!ied out t&!ou+& t&e t&!ee a(e5

o!+ai'atio" )e"ide" t&!ou+& ot&e! "(e4iali"t o!+ai'atio" of t&e

Go,e!met of Idia ad "(e4iali"t e5(e!t a+e4ie" ad al"o afte! "ite

a((!ai"al% Mo!eo,e! t&e i,e"ti+atio" te"t" ad te4&i4al "tudie" *e!e

di!e4ted to )e 4a!!ied out )- t&e EC i a""o4iatio *it& t&e !e(!e"etati,e" of

)ot& t&e State"%

ssue *os4 15 /5 6 and 7.

7:% T&e"e fou! i""ue" a!e ite!!elated ia"mu4& a" t*o of t&e"e

i""ue" !elate to ,alidit- ad )idi+ atu!e of 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet ad t&e

$%tate of ,nd+ra Prades+ v. %tate of Ma+aras+tra and Ors.; [(!1$# ) % ".

!


21/158Page 21

effe4t of 6:/0 "u((lemetal a+!eemet" ad t&e ot&e! t*o i""ue" 4o4e!

maitaia)ilit- of "uit ude! A!ti4le 676 if 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet i" &eld ,alid

)idi+ ad efo!4ea)le% E5te"i,e a!+umet" &a,e )ee add!e""ed to u" )-

t&e lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! t&e t*o 4ote"ti+ "tate" i !e"(e4t of t&e"e

i""ue"% Ho*e,e! it mu"t )e oted immediatel- t&at #e!ala did ot di"(ute t&e

(o"itio t&at ude! Se4tio 6// of t&e Go,e!met of Idia A4t 6:7> e5i"ti+

4ot!a4t" made )- t&e Se4!eta!- of State (!io! to 6:7> 2made fo! t&e (u!(o"e"

of t&e Go,e!met of a P!o,i4e3 *ould &a,e effe4t a" if t&e- *e!e made o

)e&alf of t&at P!o,i4e% I ,ie* of t&i" admitted (o"itio )- #e!ala *e "&all

fi!"t "ee *&et&e! 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet *a" a e5i"ti+ 4ot!a4t made fo!

t&e (u!(o"e" of t&e Go,e!met of P!o,i4e of Mad!a" o t&e 4omme4emet

of 6:7> A4t%

1886 Lease Agreement 3eter an eisting %ontra%t under 19$/ A%t

B0% T&e Mad!a" P!e"ide4- 2Fo!t St% Geo!+e3 *a" e"ta)li"&ed )- t&e

Pitt" A4t 6/;B% T&e!eafte! )- t&e Go,e!met of Idia A4t 6;>; t&e

te!!ito!ie" ude! t&e Go,e!met of Ea"t Idia Com(a- *e!e t!a"fe!!ed fo!

)ei+ ,e"ted i He! Ma@e"t-% Ude! t&i" ea4tmet t&e Se4!eta!- of State i

Cou4il *a" em(o*e!ed to ete! ito 4ot!a4t"% ?- t&e 6;>: 2Amedmet3

A4t t&e ?!iti"& Pa!liamet aut&o!i"ed t&e Go,e!o! i Cou4il of Fo!t St%

Geo!+e to ete! ito 4ot!a4t" !efe!!ed to a" Se4!eta!- of State i Cou4il%

6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet *a" ete!ed ito )et*ee t&e Se4!eta!- of State i

Cou4il ad Ma&a!a@a of T!a,a4o!e ude! t&i" (!o,i"io% Go,e!met of Idia

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22/158Page 22

A4t 6:6: did ot alte! t&e (o"itio *it& !e+a!d to t&e 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet

"i4e P!e"ide4- of Fo!t St% Geo!+e *a" t!eated a" P!o,i4e fo! t&e (u!(o"e"

of lo4al +o,e!met% ?- ,i!tue of Se4tio B1 of t&e 6:7> A4t t&e P!e"ide4- of

Fo!t St% Geo!+e *&i4& *a" deemed to )e a P!o,i4e ude! 6:6: A4t )e4ame

Go,e!o!" P!o,i4e of Mad!a"%

B6% Se4tio 6// of t&e 6:7> A4t omitti+ t&e ue4e""a!- (a!t !ead"


23/158Page 23

A4t t&e Go,e!met of t&e P!o,i4e of Mad!a" i" deemed to )e "u)"tituted a"

t&e le""ee i t&e 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet%

2ffe%t and impa%t of events bet3een 184074197 and #6401419/0

B.% I li+&t of t&e a)o,e &oldi+ *e &a,e to "ee t&e effe4t ad im(a4t

of 4e!tai e,et" t&at o44u!!ed )et*ee 6;%0/%6:B/ 2*&e A4t of 6:B/ *a"

ea4ted )- ?!iti"& Pa!liamet3 ad .1%06%6:>0 2t&e date of 4omme4emet of

Co"titutio3%

B.%6% O 6;%0/%6:B/ a )ulleti *a" i""ued )- t&e Ma&a!a@a of

T!a,a4o!e State deou4i+ all a+!eemet"%

B.%.% O ..%0/%6:B/ t&e De*a of T!a,a4o!e i" "aid to &a,e "tated i

&i" ote" "u)mitted to t&e Ma&a!a@a t&at i &i" di"4u""io *it& t&e Vi4e!o- &e

&ad ueui,o4all- deou4ed t&e 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet ad t&at t&e Vi4e!o-

&ad a44e(ted t&e +ood "e"e ude!l-i+ t&e deou4emet%

B.%7% O 60%0;%6:B/ i &i" lette! M!% C%C% De"ai Additioal Se4!eta!-

+a,e a a""u!a4e t&at all a+!eemet" *ould )e !ee+otiated%

B.%B% O 6.%0;%6:B/ I"t!umet of A44e""io *a" e5e4uted )- t&e

Rule! of T!a,a4o!e de4la!i+ t&at T!a,a4o!e &a" a44eded to t&e Domiio of

Idia%

B.%>% Follo*i+ I"t!umet of A44e""io o 6.%0;%6:B/ it"elf a

"tad"till a+!eemet *a" ete!ed ito )et*ee State of T!a,a4o!e ad t&e

Domiio of Idia%

$


24/158


25/158Page 25

aut&o!it- o! @u!i"di4tio e5e!4i"a)le )- Hi" Ma@e"t- at t&at date i o! i!elatio to Idia State" )- t!eat- +!at u"a+e "uffe!a4e o!ot&e!*i"e ad

243 t&e!e la("e al"o a- t!eatie" o! a+!eemet" i fo!4e at t&edate of t&e (a""i+ of t&i" A4t )et*ee Hi" Ma@e"t- ad a- (e!"o"&a,i+ aut&o!it- i t&e t!i)al a!ea" a- o)li+atio" of Hi" Ma@e"t-e5i"ti+ at t&at date to a- "u4& (e!"o" o! *it& !e"(e4t to t&e t!i)ala!ea" ad all (o*e!" !i+&t" aut&o!it- o! @u!i"di4tio e5e!4i"a)le att&at date of Hi" Ma@e"t- i o! i !elatio to t&e t!i)al a!ea" )- t!eat-+!at u"a+e "uffe!a4e o! ot&e!*i"e

P!o,ided t&at ot*it&"tadi+ a-t&i+ i (a!a+!a(& 2)3 o!(a!a+!a(& 243 of t&i" "u)"e4tio effe4t "&all a" ea!l- a" ma- )e4otiued to )e +i,e to t&e (!o,i"io" of a- "u4& a+!eemet a" i"t&e!ei !efe!!ed to *&i4& !elate to 4u"tom" t!a"it ad4ommui4atio" (o"t" ad tele+!a(&" o! ot&e! li9e matte!" util t&e

(!o,i"io" i ue"tio a!e deou4ed )- t&e !ule! of t&e Idia Stateo! (e!"o &a,i+ aut&o!it- i t&e t!i)al a!ea" o t&e oe &ad o! )-t&e Domiio o! P!o,i4e o! ot&e! (a!t t&e!eof 4o4e!ed o t&e ot&e!&ad o! a!e "u(e!"eded )- "u)"euet a+!eemet"%2.3 %=

B>% A" oted a)o,e A4t of 6:B/ 4ame ito effe4t f!om 6>%0;%6:B/%

Se4tio / deal" *it& t&e 4o"eue4e" of t&e "etti+ u( of t&e e* domiio"%

Clau"e 2)3 of "u)"e4tio 263 of Se4tio / de4la!e" t&at "u'e!ait- of Hi"

Ma@e"t- o,e! t&e Idia State" la("e"% O la("i+ of "u'e!ait- it (!o,ide" fo!

la("i+ of all t!eatie" ad a+!eemet" i fo!4e )et*ee Hi" Ma@e"t- ad t&e

Rule!" of Idia State" f!om t&at date% P!o,i"o a((eded to "u)"e4tio 263

&o*e,e! 4otiue" "u4& a+!eemet" ule"" t&e (!o,i"io" i "u4& a+!eemet

a!e deou4ed )- t&e Rule! of t&e Idia State o! a!e "u(e!"eded )- a

"u)"euet a+!eemet%

B1% It i" t&e 4otetio of M!% Ha!i"& N% Sal,e t&at fi!"tl- 6;;1 Lea"e

A+!eemet la("ed )- ,i!tue of mai (!o,i"io of Se4tio /2632)3 of t&e A4t of

6:B/ a" it 4om(!e&ed" all t!eatie" ad a+!eemet" ad "e4odl- t&e

)


26/158Page 26

Ma&a!a@a of T!a,a4o!e deou4ed all a+!eemet" i4ludi+ 6;;1 Lea"e

A+!eemet%

B/% It i" t!ue t&at Se4tio /2632)3 of A4t of 6:B/ A4t u"e" t&e

e5(!e""io


27/158Page 27

Se4tio / i ou! o(iio !efe!" to uam)i+uou" ueui,o4al ad e5(!e""

deou4emet% #e!ala &a" ot (!odu4ed a- mate!ial o! do4umet to "&o*

t&at t&e!e *a" e5(!e"" deou4emet of t&at atu!e )- t&e Rule! of

T!a,a4o!e i"ofa! a" 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet i" 4o4e!ed% e do ot t&i9

t&at t&e )ulleti i""ued o 6;%0/%6:B/ 4lea!l- o! fiall- deou4ed t&e 6;;1

Lea"e A+!eemet%

>6% Mo!eo,e! to )e a ,alid ad effe4ti,e deou4emet of t&e

a+!eemet )et*ee t&e Rule! ad Hi" Ma@e"t- "u4& deou4emet mu"t )e

made afte! 6:B/ A4t 4ame ito effe4t% Admittedl- t&e!e i" o deou4emet of

6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet )- t&e T!a,a4o!e Rule! afte! 6>%0;%6:B/%

>.% T&e !ele,at (o!tio of t&e "tad"till a+!eemet dated 6.%0;%6:B/

!ead" a" follo*"


28/158Page 28

>7% It i" a!+ued )- M!% Ha!i"& N% Sal,e t&at t&e "tad"till a+!eemet

*&i4& i" )et*ee (a!tie" diffe!et f!om t&o"e *&o &ad e5e4uted t&e 6;;1

Lea"e A+!eemet i" a f!e"& a+!eemet *&i4& )!ou+&t ito fo!4e fo! t&e time

)ei+ 4ot!a4tual o)li+atio" )et*ee t&e Ma&a!a@a of T!a,a4o!e ad t&e

Domiio of Idia% A" t&e (a!tie" *e!e diffe!et ad t&e A4t of 6:B/ (!o,ided

fo! t&e la("e of t&e ?!iti"& "u'e!ait- o,e! t&e P!i4el- State" t&e ue"tio of

4otiua4e of 6;;1 lea"e a+!eemet doe" ot a!i"e% I a- 4a"e lea!ed

"eio! 4ou"el fo! #e!ala a!+ue" t&at "tad"till a+!eemet 4ould ot "u!,i,e

afte! t&e deletio of Se4tio 6// of t&e 6:7> A4t% e fid o me!it i t&e"e

a!+umet"% T&e "tad"till a+!eemet i" ot a f!e"& a+!eemet )et*ee

Domiio of Idia ad State of T!a,a4o!e a" "u++e"ted )- M!% Ha!i"& N%

Sal,e% T&e "tad"till a+!eemet *a" iteded fo! t&e )eefit of t&e (a!tie" *&o

*e!e (a!tie" to t&e a+!eemet" ad a!!a+emet" *&i4& *e!e matte!" of

4ommo 4o4e! e5i"ti+ )et*ee t&e C!o* ad t&e State of T!a,a4o!e% I

t&e )a49+!oud of I"t!umet of A44e""io it )e4ame e4e""a!- to &a,e

"ome a!!a+emet "o t&at t&e e5i"ti+ a+!eemet" ad a!!a+emet"

)et*ee t&e C!o* ad t&e Idia State" 4otiued% e do ot t&i9 t&at

"tad"till a+!eemet i" (oliti4al i atu!e a" 4oteded o )e&alf of #e!ala%

>B% T&e a!+umet t&at "tad"till a+!eemet 4ould ot "u!,i,e afte! t&e

deletio of Se4tio 6// *it& effe4t f!om 6>%0;%6:B/ )- ,i!tue of Idia

2P!o,i"ioal Co"titutio3 O!de! 6:B/ i" al"o *it&out "u)"ta4e% Se4tio 6//

*a" deleted )e4au"e it 4ould o lo+e! *o!9 ad )e4au"e Domiio of Idia

*a" to 4ome ito )ei+ *it& (!o,i4e" a" (a!t of t&e Domiio ad t&e!e *a"


29/158Page 29

to )e o Se4!eta!- of State i Cou4il% e a!e i a+!eemet *it& M!% Viod

?o)de lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! Tamil Nadu t&at deletio of Se4tio 6//

*a" (!o"(e4ti,e ad it did ot affe4t t&e deemi+ t&at &ad al!ead- ta9e (la4e

i 6:7>% T&e "tad"till a+!eemet i ou! ,ie* 4aot )e "aid to &a,e )ee

*i(ed out )- t&e deletio of Se4tio 6//%

>>% M!% Ha!i"& N% Sal,e i" !i+&t i "u)mitti+ t&at ude! Se4tio 6//

e5i"ti+ 4ot!a4t" made )- t&e Se4!eta!- of State (!io! to 6:7> *ould &a,e

effe4t a" if t&e- *e!e made o )e&alf of t&e 4o4e!ed P!o,i4e ad )- ,i!tue

of t&i" (!o,i"io t&e P!o,i4e of Mad!a" *a" a )eefi4ia!- of "tad"till

a+!eemet )ut &e doe" ot "eem to )e !i+&t *&e &e "a-" t&at t&i" "ituatio

4&a+ed o 6B%0;%6:B/ *&e t&e Idia 2P!o,i"ioal Co"titutio3 O!de! 6:B/

*a" i""ued ad t&e "tad"till a+!eemet a!!i,ed at o 6.%0;%6:B/ 4ea"ed to

)e fo! t&e )eefit of P!o,i4e of Mad!a"% A" "tated )- u" ea!lie! t&e deletio

of Se4tio 6// i" (!o"(e4ti,e ad did ot udo *&at &ad al!ead- ta9e (la4e%

T&i" al"o e+ate" t&e a!+umet of M!% Sal,e t&at t&e !i+&t" of t&e C!o*

*&i4& *e!e e@o-ed )- t&e P!o,i4e of Mad!a" ude! Se4tio 6// o deletio

of t&e "aid Se4tio &ad 4ome to a ed a" t&e!e *a" o "u44e""o! to t&e

C!o*%

>1% T&e a!+umet t&at t&e!e i" o "u44e""o! of C!o* i" i!!ele,at

)e4au"e )- ,i!tue of Se4tio 6// t&e Go,e!met of P!o,i4e of Mad!a" &ad

al!ead- )e4ome le""ee i t&e 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet )- deemi+ i 6:7>

it"elf% T&e "tad"till a+!eemet 4otiued 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet )et*ee

t&e P!o,i4e of Mad!a" ad t&e State of T!a,a4o!e% 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet

G


30/158Page 30

did ot la("e ude! t&e mai (!o,i"io of Se4tio /2i32)3 of t&e A4t of 6:B/%

T&e!e *a" o ueui,o4al ad uam)i+uou" deou4emet of 6;;1 Lea"e

A+!eemet )- t&e Rule! of T!a,a4o!e ude! (!o,i"o to Se4tio /2i32)3% T&e

P!o,i4e of Mad!a" *a" )eefi4ia!- of t&e "tad"till a+!eemet% Su!el-

deletio of Se4tio 6// &a" ot affe4ted t&e !i+&t" of P!o,i4e of Mad!a"%

>/% Rel-i+ u(o Babu Ram Sasena!" it i" ,e&emetl- a!+ued )- M!%

Ha!i"& N% Sal,e lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! #e!ala t&at u(o me!+e! of t*o

"tate" 8 T!a,a4o!e ad Co4&i 8 i 6:B: all t!eatie" ete!ed ito )- t&e

Rule!" of e!"t*&ile "tate" la("ed% Hi" "u)mi""io i" t&at t&e "tad"till

a+!eemet *&et&e! it *a" a ide(edet a+!eemet o! i 4otiuatio of

6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet 4ame to a ed i li+&t of t&e le+al (o"itio e5(o"ited

i Babu Ram Sasena!% Lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el i t&i" !e+a!d al"o !elied u(o

t&e de4i"io of t&i" Cou!t i State of #imachal Pradesh$%

abu .am (a;sena

>;% Let u" 4a!efull- 4o"ide! Babu Ram Sasena!% T&e fa4t" i

Babu Ram Sasena! *e!e a" follo*" ?a)u Ram Sa9"ea *a" a mem)e! of

Utta! P!ade"& Ci,il Se!,i4e ad "e!,ed To9 State i ,a!iou" 4a(a4itie"% It

*a" alle+ed t&at du!i+ "e!,i4e &e &el(ed t&e Na*a) of To9 i o)taii+ t&e

"a4tio of t&e Go,e!met of Idia to t&e (a-met of R"%6B00000 to t&e

Na*a) out of State t!ea"u!- fo! t&e di"4&a!+e of &i" de)t" ad idu4ed t&e

Na*a) )- t&!eat" ad de4e(tio to (a- &im i !etu! fo! "u4& &el( "um"

'7r. Ha4u =am %asena v. %tate; [,I= 1G)! % 1)))%tate of imac+al Prades+ v. Union of India & Ors.; [(!11# 1$ % $''

$!


31/158Page 31

totali+ R"%700000 o ,a!iou" date"% D!% ?a)u Ram Sa9"ea *a" 4&a!+ed

*it& t&e offe4e" ude! Se4tio" 7;7 >/> ad B.0 of t&e Idia Peal Code%

T&e"e offe4e" *e!e e5t!adita)le offe4e" ude! t&e Idia E5t!aditio A4t

6:07 2fo! "&o!t 6:07 A4t3% T&e *a!!at *a" i""ued ude! Se4tio / of t&e

6:07 A4t to t&e Di"t!i4t Ma+i"t!ate Naiital *&e!e t&e a44u"ed *a" !e"idi+

afte! !e,e!ti+ to t&e "e!,i4e of t&e Utta! P!ade"& Go,e!met to a!!e"t ad

deli,e! &im u( to t&e Di"t!i4t Ma+i"t!ate of To9% T&e a44u"ed !ai"ed defe4e"

o me!it" a" *ell a" to t&e ,alidit- of t&e *a!!at ad 4&alle+ed t&e

@u!i"di4tio of t&e Ma+i"t!ate at Naiital to ta9e 4o+i'a4e of t&e matte! ad

a!!e"t t&e a((ellat% T&e Hi+& Cou!t o,e!!uled all t&e o)@e4tio" ad

di"mi""ed t&e a((li4atio fo! t&e !elea"e of t&e a((ellat% T&e matte! *a"

4a!!ied to t&i" Cou!t% &nter alia t&e 4otetio o )e&alf of t&e a((ellat

)efo!e t&i" Cou!t *a" t&at t&e t!eat- ete!ed ito )et*ee t&e ?!iti"&

Go,e!met ad t&e To9 "tate o .;%06%6;1: alt&ou+& de4la!ed )- Se4tio

/ of t&e 6:B/ A4t to &a,e la("ed a" f!om 6>%0;%6:B/ *a" 4otiued i fo!4e

)- t&e "tad"till a+!eemet ete!ed ito o 0;%0;%6:B/ t&at t&at t!eat-

e54lu"i,el- +o,e!ed all matte!" !elati+ to e5t!aditio )et*ee t&e t*o "tate"

ad t&at ia"mu4& a" it did ot 4o,e! t&e offe4e" o* 4&a!+ed a+ai"t t&e

a((ellat o e5t!aditio of t&e a((ellat 4ould )e demaded o! o!de!ed% T&e

Atto!e- Gee!al o t&e ot&e! &ad !e"(oded )- 4otedi+ t&at t&e

"tad"till a+!eemet ete!ed ito *it& ,a!iou" Idia State" *e!e (u!el-

tem(o!a!- a!!a+emet" de"i+ed to maitai t&e status 'uo ante i !e"(e4t

of 4e!tai admii"t!ati,e matte!" of 4ommo 4o4e! (edi+ t&e a44e""io of

$1


32/158Page 32

t&o"e State" to t&e Domiio of Idia ad t&e- *e!e "u(e!"eded )- t&e

i"t!umet of A44e""io e5e4uted )- t&e Rule!" of t&o"e "tate"% To9 &a,i+

a44eded to t&e Domiio o 61%0;%6:B/ t&e "tad"till a+!eemet !elied o )-

t&e a((ellat mu"t )e ta9e to &a,e la("ed a" f!om t&at date% Se4odl- t&e

t!eat- *a" o lo+e! "u)"i"ti+ ad it" e5e4utio )e4ame im(o""i)le a" t&e

To9 State 4ea"ed to a44ede (oliti4all- ad a" "u4& "o,e!ei+t- a" it

(o""e""ed *a" e5ti+ui"&ed *&e it 4o,eated *it& 4e!tai ot&e! "tate"

*it& t&e 4o4u!!e4e of t&e Idia Go,e!met


33/158Page 33

ue4e""a!- to (!oou4e o t&e ot&e! (oit" !ai"ed )- t&e Atto!e- Gee!al

e"(e4iall- a" t&e i""ue" i,ol,ed a!e ot (u!el- le+al )ut al"o of a (oliti4al

4&a!a4te! ad *e &a,e ot &ad t&e ,ie*" of t&e a44u"ed 4o4e!ed o t&o"e

(oit"=% Ha,i+ "aid t&at Pata@ali Sa"t!i J% 4o"ide!ed t&e ue"tio *&et&e!

e5t!aditio ude! Se4tio / of t&e 6:07 A4t fo! a offe4e *&i4& i" ot

e5t!adita)le ude! t&e t!eat- i" i a- "e"e a de!o+atio f!om t&e (!o,i"io"

of t&e t!eat- *&i4& (!o,ide" fo! t&e e5t!aditio of offede!" fo! 4e!tai "(e4ified

offe4e" 4ommitted i t&e !e"(e4ti,e te!!ito!ie" of t&e &i+& 4ot!a4ti+ (a!tie"%

>:%6% I t&e ot&e! o(iio +i,e )- Mu9&e!@ea J% a" !e+a!d" t&e

ue"tio &o* fa! *a" t&e E5t!aditio T!eat- )et*ee t&e To9 State ad t&e

?!iti"& Go,e!met affe4ted )- !ea"o of t&e me!+e! of t&e To9 State alo+

*it& ei+&t ot&e! State" i ,ie* of a 4o,eat ete!ed ito )- t&e Rule!" of

t&e"e ie State" ito t&e Uited State of Ra@a"t&a it &a" )ee &eld t&at a"

a !e"ult of amal+amatio o! me!+e! a State lo"e" it" full ad ide(edet

(o*e! of a4tio o,e! t&e "u)@e4t matte! of a t!eat- (!e,iou"l- 4o4luded t&e

t!eat- mu"t la("e% Mu9&e!@ea J% oted A!ti4le 1 of t&e me!+e! ad t&e +ee!al

o(iio of t&e ite!atioal @u!i"t" t&at *&e a State !eliui"&e" it" life a"

"u4& t&!ou+& i4o!(o!atio ito o! a)"o!(tio )- aot&e! State eit&e!

,oluta!il- o! a" a !e"ult of 4oue"t o! ae5atio t&e t!eatie" of t&e fo!me!

a!e automati4all- te!miated% Mu9&e!@ea J% o)"e!,ed a" follo*"

Q%%T&e !e"ult i" "aid to )e (!odu4ed )- !ea"o of 4om(lete lo"" of(e!"oalit- 4o"euet o e5ti4tio of State life% T&e 4a"e" di"4u""edi t&i" 4oe4tio a!e +ee!all- 4a"e" *&e!e ide(edet State" &a,e4ea"ed to )e "u4& t&!ou+& 4o"t!aied o! ,oluta!- a)"o!(tio )-aot&e! *it& attedat e5ti4tio of t&e fo!me!" t!eatie" *it& ot&e!

$$


34/158Page 34

State"% T&u" t&e fo!4ea)le i4o!(o!atio of Hao,e! ito t&e P!u""ia#i+dom de"t!o-ed t&e (!e,iou" t!eatie" of Hao,e!% T&e admi""io ofTe5a" ito t&e Uited State" of Ame!i4a )- @oit !e"olutio e5ti+ui"&edt&e T!eatie" of t&e Ide(edet Re(u)li4 of Te5a"% T&e (o"itio i" t&e"ame *&e #o!ea me!+ed ito Ja(a% A44o!di+ to O((e&eim *&o"eo(iio &a" )ee !elied u(o )- Si! Alladi o "u44e""io of !i+&t" addutie" o!dia!il- ta9e" (la4e i "u4& 4a"e" ad a" (oliti4al ad (e!"oalt!eatie" (!e"u((o"e t&e e5i"te4e of a 4ot!a4ti+ State t&e- a!ealto+et&e! e5ti+ui"&ed% It i" a de)ata)le (oit *&et&e! "u44e""io ta9e"(la4e i 4a"e" of t!eatie" !elati+ to 4omme!4e o! e5t!aditio )ut &e!ea+ai t&e ma@o!it- of *!ite!" a!e of o(iio t&at t&e- do ot "u!,i,eme!+e! o! ae5atio=

>:%.% T&e a)o,e o)"e!,atio" of Mu9&e!@ea J% *e!e )a"ed o t&e t*o

!eo*ed )oo9" 2oe3 H-de o Ite!atioal La* Vol% III P+% 6>.: ad 2t*o3

O((e&eim o Ite!atioal La* Vol% I P+% 6>.%

>:%7% Deali+ *it& t&e 4o,eat ude! 4o"ide!atio Mu9&e!@ea J%

*et o to "tate a" follo*"


35/158Page 35

&a" )e4ome eti!el- i4a(a)le of e5e4utio% It i" ot (o""i)le fo! t&eTo9 State *&i4& i" oe of t&e 4ot!a4ti+ (a!tie" to a4t i a44o!da4e*it& t&e te!m" of t&e t!eat- fo! it &a" o lo+e! a- ide(edetaut&o!it- o! "o,e!ei+ !i+&t" o,e! t&e To9 te!!ito!- ad 4a eit&e!ma9e o! demad e5t!aditio% &e a" a !e"ult of amal+amatio o!me!+e! a State lo"e" it" full ad ide(edet (o*e! of a4tio o,e! t&e"u)@e4tmatte! of a t!eat- (!e,iou"l- 4o4luded t&e t!eat- mu"te4e""a!illa("e% It 4aot )e "aid t&at t&e "o,e!ei+t- of t&e To9State i t&i" !e"(e4t i" o* ,e"ted i t&e Uited State of Ra@a"t&a% T&eaut&o!it- "o fa! a" e5t!aditio *a" 4o4e!ed *a" al!ead- "u!!ede!ed)- t&e To9 State i fa,ou! of t&e Domiio Go,e!met )- t&eI"t!umet of A44e""io% ?ut e,e a""umi+ t&at t&e"e t!eat- !i+&t"4ould de,ol,e u(o t&e Uited State of Ra@a"t&a )- !ea"o of A!ti4le 1of t&e Co,eat of Me!+e! t&e latte! it "eem" to me 4ould )e totall-i4a(a)le of +i,i+ effe4t to t&e te!m" of t&e t!eat-% A" &a" )ee "aidal!ead- t&e!e 4ould )e o "u4& t&i+ a" a "u)@e4t of t&e To9 State att&e (!e"et momet ad A!ti4le . of t&e T!eat- *&i4& (!o,ide" fo!

e5t!aditio of To9 "u)@e4t" a44u"ed of &a,i+ 4ommitted &eiou"offe4e" *it&i To9 te!!ito!- ad "ee9i+ a"-lum el"e*&e!e *ould )e*&oll- if!u4tuou"% T&e Uited State of Ra@a"t&a 4ould ot (o""i)l-demad e5t!aditio o t&e )a"i" of t&i" a!ti4le ad if !e4i(!o4it- *&i4&i" t&e e""e4e of a E5t!aditio A+!eemet i" +oe t&e T!eat- mu"t )edeemed to )e ,oid ad io(e!ati,e%=

>:%B% T&e ,ie* of Mu9&e!@ea J% *a" 4o4u!!ed *it& )- Ma&a@a J%

Da" J% "u)"tatiall- a+!eed *it& t&e !ea"oi+ of Mu9&e!@ea J% Fa'l Ali J%

a+!eed *it& t&e lie of !ea"oi+ i )ot& t&e @ud+met" deli,e!ed )- Pata@ali

Sa"t!i J% ad Mu9&e!@ea J%

>:%>% A 4a!eful 4o"ide!atio of t&e @ud+met )- Mu9&e!@ea J% i Babu

Ram Sasena! *ould "&o* t&at Hi" Lo!d"&i(" o(iio &a" o a((li4atio to a

o(oliti4al a+!eemet "u4& a" 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet% T&e o)"e!,atio of

Mu9&e!@ea J%


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Co"titutio of Idia al"o iitiall- ?ila"(u! 4otiued to )e admii"te!ed a"t&e C&ief Commi""ioe!" P!o,i4e ad *a" i4luded i t&e Fi!"t S4&eduleto t&e Co"titutio a" a Pa!t C State% Ude! A!ti4le .:B2b3 all !i+&t"lia)ilitie" ad o)li+atio" of t&e Go,e!met of t&e Domiio of Idia*&et&e! a!i"i+ out of a- 4ot!a4t o! ot&e!*i"e )e4ame t&e !i+&t"lia)ilitie" ad o)li+atio" of t&e Go,e!met of Idia% T&e"e (!o,i"io" oft&e ?ila"(u! Me!+e! A+!eemet dated 6>;6:B; 2E5t% DB6A3 t&e State"Me!+e! 2C&ief Commi""ioe!" P!o,i4e"3 O!de! 6:B: t&e Fi!"t S4&eduleto t&e Co"titutio ad A!ti4le .:B2b3 of t&e Co"titutio ma9e it 4lea! t&at?ila"(u! )e4ame t&e (a!t of t&e Domiio of Idia ad t&e!eafte! *a"admii"te!ed a" a C&ief Commi""ioe!" P!o,i4e )- t&e Go,e!met ofIdia ad all !i+&t" of t&e Ra@a of ?ila"(u! ,e"ted i t&e Go,e!met ofIdia% e t&e!efo!e &old t&at t&e (laitiff *ill ot &a,e a- 4au"e of a4tioto ma9e a- 4laim o t&e )a"i" of a- !i+&t of t&e Ra@a of ?ila"(u! (!io! tot&e me!+e! of ?ila"(u! State *it& t&e Domiio of Idia%=

16% T&e a)o,e o)"e!,atio" i State of #imachal Pradesh>mu"t )e

!ead i t&e 4ote5t of ?ila"(u! Me!+e! A+!eemet dated 6>%0;%6:B; *&e!e)-

t&e Ra@a of ?ila"(u! 4eded to t&e Domiio Go,e!met full ad e54lu"i,e

aut&o!it- @u!i"di4tio ad (o*e!" fo! ad i !elatio to t&e +o,e!a4e of t&e

State ad all !i+&t" of Ra@a of ?ila"(u! &ad ,e"ted i t&e Go,e!met of Idia%

e fid it diffi4ult to a((!e4iate &o* t&e"e o)"e!,atio" &a,e a- a((li4atio

i"ofa! a" t&e 4otiua4e of t&e 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet afte! t&e me!+e! of

t&e T!a,a4o!e State ad t&e Co4&i State ito a e* "tate amel- Uited

State of T!a,a4o!e ad Co4&i a!e 4o4e!ed% T&e @ud+met of t&i" Cou!t i

State of #imachal Pradesh$ i ou! ,ie* &a" o a((li4atio to t&e "u)mi""io

ad,a4ed o )e&alf of #e!ala%

(tatus of ndian (tates on a%%ession

1.% It i" im(o!tat to )ea! i mid t&at a44e""io of Idia State" to

t&e Domiio of Idia did ot e5ti+ui"& t&o"e State" a" etitie"% T&e- ol-

$8


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fidi+ t&at 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet 4otiued o ad f!om 6>%0;%6:B/ ad

"e4odl- i ,ie* of t&e de4i"io of t&i" Cou!t i State of Andhra Pradesh(

*&e!ei a t&!eeJud+e ?e4& of t&i" Cou!t "(ea9i+ t&!ou+& oe of u" 2R%M%

Lod&a J% a" &e t&e *a"3 o)"e!,ed


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@u!i"di4tio to i,e"ti+ate ad a"4e!tai ol- "u4& !i+&t" a" t&e e* "o,e!ei+

&a" 4&o"e to !e4o+i"e o! a49o*led+e )- le+i"latio a+!eemet o!

ot&e!*i"e ad t&at "u4& a !e4o+itio ma- )e e5(!e"" o! ma- )e im(lied f!om

t&e 4i!4um"ta4e"% 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet i" a o!dia!- 4ot!a4t of lea"e%

Me!el- )e4au"e t&e 4ot!a4t *a" a!!i,ed at )et*ee t&e C!o* t&!ou+& t&e

Se4!eta!- of State ad t&e T!a,a4o!e State 8 a (!i4el- Idia State 8 t&e

atu!e of 4ot!a4t i" ot 4&a+ed ad it doe" ot )e4ome a (oliti4al

a!!a+emet% A" oted a)o,e t&i" Cou!t i Mullaperiyar Environmental

Protection Forum6 &a" al!ead- de4la!ed t&at 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet i" ot

(oliti4al i atu!e% e a!e i a+!eemet *it& t&i" ,ie*% T&e "ame !ea"oi+

a((lie" euall- to "tad"till a+!eemet%

>irendra (ing

1>% M!% Ha!i"& N% Sal,e lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! #e!ala !elied u(o

t&e de4i"io of t&i" Cou!t i )irendra Sin*h+% T&e Co"titutio ?e4& i

)irendra Sin*h+ *a" 4o4e!ed *it& t&e ue"tio a)out t&e (o"tCo"titutioal

!i+&t" to (!o(e!t- "ituate i Idia State" t&at *e!e ot (a!t of ?!iti"& Idia

)efo!e t&e Co"titutio )ut *&i4& a44eded to t&e domiio of Idia "&o!tl-

)efo!e t&e Co"titutio ad )e4ame a ite+!al (a!t of t&e Idia Re(u)li4

afte! it% C&a!9&a!i ad Sa!ila *e!e ide(edet State" ude! t&e (a!amout4-

of t&e ?!iti"& C!o*% T&e- a49o*led+ed t&e ?!iti"& C!o* a" t&e "u'e!ai

(o*e!% Idia o)taied Ide(ede4e ad )e4ame a Domiio )- !ea"o of

"Jirendra %in5+ & Ors. v. %tate of Uttar Prades+; [(1G))# 1 %= '1) ,I= 1G)' % ''8

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A4t of 6:B/% T&e t*o State" 8 C&a!9&a!i ad Sa!ila 8 e5e4uted I"t!umet" of

A44e""io ad a44eded to domiio% I t&e I"t!umet of A44e""io t&e

"o,e!ei+t- of t&e a44edi+ State" *a" e5(!e""l- !e4o+i"ed ad

"afe+ua!ded% T&e Rule! of Sa!ila +!ated o .;%06%6:B; oe ,illa+e to t&e

*!it (etitioe!" ad t&e Rule! of C&a!9&a!i al"o +!ated 4e!tai ,illa+e" to t&e

(etitioe!"% O 67%07%6:B; t&i!t-fi,e State" i ?udel9&ad ad

?a+&el9&ad 2i4ludi+ C&a!9&a!i ad Sa!ila3 a+!eed to uite t&em"el,e" i

oe State *&i4& *a" to )e 4alled Uited State of Vid&-a P!ade"&% Fe* da-"

late! (u!"uat to t&e a)o,e a+!eemet a 4o,eat *a" "i+ed )- all t&e

t&i!t-fi,e Rule!" *&i4& )!ou+&t t&e e* State ito )ei+% T&i" a!!a+emet

*a" dome"ti4 a!!a+emet ad ot a t!eat- *it& t&e domiio of Idia% Soo

afte! t&i" t&e Re,eue Offi4e!" of t&e e*l- fo!med Vid&-a P!ade"& Uio

t!ied to ite!fe!e *it& t&e +!at" made )- t&e a)o,e Rule!"% T&e ite+!atio

did ot *o!9 "ati"fa4to!il-% So o .1%6.%6:B: t&e "ame t&i!t-fi,e Rule!"

ete!ed ito aot&e! a+!eemet a)!o+ati+ t&ei! 4o,eat ad di""ol,i+ t&e

e*l- 4!eated State a" f!om 06%06%6:>0% ?- t&e "ame i"t!umet ea4& Rule!

4eded to t&e Go,e!met of t&e Idia Domiio a" f!om t&e "ame date% T&e

i"t!umet *a" 4alled t&e Vid&-a P!ade"& Me!+e! A+!eemet% T&e

Go,e!met of Idia Domiio *a" al"o (a!t- to t&e a+!eemet% T&e

Domiio Go,e!met too9 o,e! t&e admii"t!atio of t&e State" *&i4& fo!med

Vid&-a P!ade"& o 06%06%6:>0 ad de4ided to fo!m t&em ito a C&ief

Commi""ioe!" (!o,i4e% T&e Co"titutio 4ame ito fo!4e o .1%06%6:>0%

T&e +!at" of Ja+i!" ad Muafi" made )- t&e Rule!" of C&a!9&a!i ad Sa!ila

'1


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(%ope of Arti%le $6$ and Arti%le 1$1

11% A!ti4le 717/ of t&e Co"titutio i" a em)a!+o fo! t&e 4ou!t"

i4ludi+ Su(!eme Cou!t to deal *it& a- di"(ute a!i"i+ out of a t!eat-

a+!eemet 4o,eat e+a+emet "aad o! ot&e! "imila! i"t!umet *&i4&

*a" ete!ed ito o! e5e4uted )efo!e t&e 4omme4emet of t&e Co"titutio )-

a- Rule! of a Idia "tate ad to *&i4& t&e Go,e!met of t&e domiio of

Idia o! a- of it" (!ede4e""o!" Go,e!met *a" a (a!t- ad it &a" o! &a"

)ee 4otiued i o(e!atio afte! "u4& 4omme4emet% T&e @u!i"di4tio of t&e

4ou!t" i" al"o )a!!ed to ite!fe!e i a- di"(ute i !e"(e4t of a- !i+&t a44!ui+

ude! a- lia)ilit- o! o)li+atio a!i"i+ out of a- of t&e (!o,i"io" of t&i"

Co"titutio !elati+ to a- "u4& t!eat- a+!eemet 4o,eat e+a+emet

"aad o! ot&e! "imila! i"t!umet%

1/% A (lai !eadi+ of A!ti4le 717 lea,e" o mae! of dou)t t&at if

t&e di"(ute a!i"e" i !e"(e4t of a do4umet of t&at de"4!i(tio ad if "u4&

do4umet &ad )ee e5e4uted )efo!e t&e 4omme4emet of Co"titutio t&e

ite!fe!e4e )- 4ou!t" i" )a!!ed% T&e do4umet" !efe!!ed to i A!ti4le 717 a!e

t&o"e *&i4& a!e (oliti4al i atu!e% A- di"(ute !e+a!di+ "u4& do4umet" i"

8 $"$. Har to interference 4y courts in disputes arisin5 out of certain treaties/ a5reements/ etc. < (1#?ot-it+standin5 anyt+in5 in t+is onstitution 4ut su40ect to t+e provisions of ,rticle 1'$/ neit+er t+e %upremeourt nor any ot+er court s+all +ave 0urisdiction in any dispute arisin5 out of any provision of a treaty/a5reement/ covenant/ en5a5ement/ sanad or ot+er similar instrument -+ic+ -as entered into or e>ecuted

4efore t+e commencement of t+is onstitution 4y any =uler of an Indian %tate and to -+ic+ t+e 3overnment oft+e 7ominion of India or any of its predecessor 3overnment -as a party and -+ic+ +as or +as 4een continuedin operation after suc+ commencement/ or in any dispute in respect of any ri5+t accruin5 under or any lia4ilityor o4li5ation arisin5 out of any of t+e provisions of t+is onstitution relatin5 to any suc+ treaty/ a5reement/covenant/ en5a5ement/ sanador ot+er similar instrument

(# In t+is article A(a# 9Indian %tate: means any territory reco5nised 4efore t+e commencement of t+is onstitution 4y

is Ma0esty or t+e 3overnment of t+e 7ominion of India as 4ein5 suc+ a %tate; and(4# 9=uler: includes t+e Prince/ +ief or ot+er person reco5nised 4efore suc+ commencement 4y is

Ma0esty or t+e 3overnment of t+e 7ominion of India as t+e =uler of any Indian %tate.

'$


44/158Page 44

o@u"ti4ia)le% T&e o)@e4t )e&id A!ti4le 717 i" to )id t&e Idia Rule!" *it&

t!eatie" a+!eemet" 4o,eat" e+a+emet" "aad" o! ot&e! "imila!

i"t!umet" ete!ed ito o! e5e4uted )efo!e t&e 4omme4emet of t&e

Co"titutio ad to (!e,et t&e Idia Rule!" f!om !e"ili+ f!om "u4&

a+!eemet" a" t&e ite+!it- of Idia *a" to )e maitaied at all 4o"t ad 4ould

ot )e affe4ted )- !ai"i+ 4e!tai di"(ute"% It ma- )e of !ele,a4e to !efe! to

t&e &ite Pa(e! o Idia State" (!e(a!ed )- t&e Go,e!met of Idia i

6:B; *&i4& )!i+" out t&e &i"to!i4al (e!"(e4ti,e *&i4& e4e""itated t&e

ado(tio of t&e (!o,i"io" i A!ti4le 717% It "a-"


45/158Page 45

t&e!eto t&e @u!i"di4tio of t&i" Cou!t i" )a!!ed if t&e di"(ute to *&i4& a State

"(e4ified i Pa!t ? of t&e Fi!"t S4&edule i" a (a!t- if t&e di"(ute a!i"e" out of

a- (!o,i"io of a t!eat- a+!eemet 4o,eat e+a+emet "aad o! ot&e!

"imila! i"t!umet *a" ete!ed ito o! e5e4uted )efo!e t&e 4omme4emet of

t&e Co"titutio ad &a" o! &a" )ee 4otiued i o(e!atio afte! "u4&

4omme4emet%

1:% T&e!e i" "imila!it- of (!o,i"io i A!ti4le 717 ad (!o,i"o to A!ti4le

676% T&e o!i+ial @u!i"di4tio 4ofe!!ed o t&i" Cou!t )- t&e mai (!o,i"io

4otaied i A!ti4le 676 i" e54e(ted )- ,i!tue of (!o,i"o i t&e matte!" of

(oliti4al "ettlemet"% ?- ma9i+ (!o,i"io" "u4& a" A!ti4le 717 ad (!o,i"o to

A!ti4le 676 t&e (oliti4al "ettlemet" &a,e )ee ta9e out of (u!,ie* of @udi4ial

(!oou4emet"% P!o,i"o a((eded to A!ti4le 676 !ede!" a di"(ute a!i"i+

out of a- t!eat- a+!eemet 4o,eat e+a+emet "aad o! "imila!

i"t!umet *&i4& i" (oliti4al i atu!e e5e4uted )efo!e t&e 4omme4emet of

t&e Co"titutio ad *&i4& &a" o! &a" )ee 4otiued i o(e!atio o

@u"ti4ia)le ad @u!i"di4tio of t&i" Cou!t i" )a!!ed% T&e @u!i"di4tio of t&i" Cou!t

i" ot ta9e a*a- i !e"(e4t of t&e di"(ute a!i"i+ out of a o!dia!-

a+!eemet% T&e i"t!umet" !efe!!ed to ad de"4!i)ed i (!o,i"o a!e ol-

t&o"e *&i4& a!e (oliti4al i atu!e% No(oliti4al i"t!umet" a!e ot 4o,e!ed

)- t&e (!o,i"o%

/0% 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet doe" (!o,ide fo! !e"olutio of di"(ute"

)et*ee t&e (a!tie" to t&e a+!eemet )- *a- of a!)it!atio it 4otai" a

a!)it!atio 4lau"e% T&e "u)mi""io of #e!ala t&at efo!4emet of a- a*a!d

')


46/158Page 46

ude! t&e a!)it!atio 4lau"e *ould )e (oliti4al i atu!e i" mi"(la4ed% T&e

a""um(tio of #e!ala t&at 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet *a" ot @u"ti4ia)le ad

efo!4ea)le i 4ou!t of la* (!io! to t&e Co"titutio a" o 4ou!t i T!a,a4o!e

*ould o),iou"l- ete!tai a 4laim a+ai"t Ma&a!a@a ad o 4ou!t out"ide t&e

State of T!a,a4o!e &a,e @u!i"di4tio o,e! t&e Ma&a!a@a of T!a,a4o!e i" ot

!ele,at at all ad de,oid of a- me!it%

/6% e a!e i 4om(lete a+!eemet *it& t&e ,ie* ta9e )- t&i" Cou!t

i Mullaperiyar Environmental Protection Forum1 t&at 6;;1 Lea"e A+!eemet

*ould ot 4ome *it&i t&e (u!,ie* of A!ti4le 717 ad @u!i"di4tio of t&i" Cou!t

i" ot )a!!ed% A" a e4e""a!- 4o!olla!- t&e di"(ute a!i"i+ out of 6;;1 Lea"e

A+!eemet i" ot )a!!ed ude! A!ti4le 676 (!o,i"o a" *ell% Mo!eo,e! t&e

(!i4i(al 4&alle+e laid i t&e "uit (e!tai" to 4o"titutioal ,alidit- of .001

2Amedmet3 A4t fo! *&i4& A!ti4le 717 o! fo! t&at matte! ude! A!ti4le 676

(!o,i"o doe" ot 4ome ito o(e!atio at all%

Arti%le #9 and Arti%le #9/

/.% ?- ,i!tue of A!ti4le .:B: all (!o(e!tie" immediatel- )efo!e t&e

4omme4emet of t&e Co"titutio *&i4& ,e"ted i Hi" Ma@e"t- fo! t&e

(u!(o"e" of t&e Go,e!met of t&e Domiio of Idia ,e"t i t&e Uio ad all

GG'. %uccession to property/ assets/ ri5+ts/ lia4ilities and o4li5ations in certain cases.K,s from t+ecommencement of t+is onstitutionK

(a# ............... (4# all ri5+ts/ lia4ilities and o4li5ations of t+e 3overnment of t+e 7ominion of India and of t+e

3overnment of eac+ 3overnor2s Province/ -+et+er arisin5 out of any contract or ot+er-ise/ s+all 4e t+e ri5+ts/lia4ilities and o4li5ations respectively of t+e 3overnment of India and t+e 3overnment of eac+ correspondin5%tate/

su40ect to any ad0ustment made or to 4e made 4y reason of t+e creation 4efore t+e commencement oft+is onstitution of t+e 7ominion of Paistan or of t+e Provinces of Cest Hen5al/ East Hen5al/ Cest Pun0a4and East Pun0a4.

'"


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Clau"e 62)3 (!o,ide" t&at all !i+&t" ad lia)ilitie" ad o)li+atio" of t&e

Go,e!met of a- Idia State 4o!!e"(odi+ to a State "(e4ified i Pa!t ? of

t&e Fi!"t S4&edule *&et&e! a!i"i+ out of a- 4ot!a4t o! ot&e!*i"e "&all )e

t&e !i+&t" lia)ilitie" ad o)li+atio" of t&e Go,e!met of Idia if t&e (u!(o"e"

fo! *&i4& "u4& !i+&t" *e!e a4ui!ed o! lia)ilitie" ad o)li+atio" *e!e i4u!!ed

)e (u!(o"e" of t&e Go,e!met of Idia% Clau"e 2.3 of t&i" A!ti4le (!o,ide"

t&at Go,e!met of ea4& State "(e4ified i Pa!t ? of t&e Fi!"t S4&edule "&all

)e t&e "u44e""o! of t&e 4o!!e"(odi+ State a" !e+a!d" all (!o(e!t- ad

a""et" ad all !i+&t" lia)ilitie" ad o)li+atio" *&et&e! a!i"i+ out of a-

4ot!a4t o! ot&e!*i"e ot&e! t&a t&o"e !efe!!ed to i 4lau"e 263% T&i" i" "u)@e4t

to a- a+!eemet ete!ed ito t&at )e&alf )- t&e Go,e!met of Idia *it& t&e

Go,e!met of t&e State 4o4e!ed% T&e e5(!e""io Go,e!met of t&e

4o!!e"(odi+ Idia State= i A!ti4le .:>2.3 i ou! o(iio *it& !efe!e4e to

Go,e!met of Pa!t ? State of T!a,a4o!eCo4&i meat ot ol- t&e

me!+ed e!"t*&ile State of T!a,a4o!e ad Co4&i )ut al"o it" 4om(oet"%

See t&u" )- ,i!tue of A!ti4le .:>2.3 t&e Go,e!met of Pa!t ? State of

T!a,a4o!e 8 Co4&i )e4ame "u44e""o! of t&e 4o!!e"(odi+ State of

T!a,a4o!e a" !e+a!d" all !i+&t" lia)ilitie" ad o)li+atio" a!i"i+ out of 6;;1

Lea"e A+!eemet%

"indings on issue *os4 15 /5 6 and 7

/B% I li+&t of t&e a)o,e ou! fidi+ o i""ue No"% 6 > 1 ad / a!e

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51/158Page 51

*it& *&i4& it *a" ea4ted ad t&e "u!!oudi+ 4i!4um"ta4e" a!e !ele,at

4i!4um"ta4e"%

/;% It i" a!+ued )- lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! Tamil Nadu t&at t&e te"t

fo! dete!mii+ *&et&e! a @ud+met i" ullified i" to "ee *&et&e! t&e la* ad

t&e @ud+met a!e i4o"i"tet ad i!!e4o4ila)le "o t&at )ot& 4aot "tad

to+et&e!% T&e fidi+ of fa4t )- t&i" Cou!t i .001 @ud+met t&at t&e dam i"

"afe 4a e,e! )e deemed to )e ima+ia!- )- le+al fi4tio *&i4& t&e

(!o4eed" to deem t&e o((o"ite to )e !eal amel- t&at t&e dam i"

eda+e!ed% T&e (!o,i"io limiti+ t&e &ei+&t of *ate! le,el to 671 ft ea4ted

*it&i 6> da-" afte! t&e @ud+met of t&i" Cou!t fidi+ t&e dam to )e "afe ad

allo*i+ t&e *ate! le,el to )e !ai"ed to 6B. ft% "&o*" t&e t!ue (u!(o"e of t&e

le+i"latio t&e "ituatio to *&i4& it *a" di!e4ted ad t&e 4lea! itetio to def-

ad a4t a" a @udi4ial aut&o!it- "itti+ i a((eal o,e! t&e @ud+met of t&i" Cou!t%

/:% M!% Viod ?o)de "u)mit" t&at )et*ee ./%0.%.001 *&e t&e

@ud+met *a" !ede!ed )- t&i" Cou!t ad 6>%07%.001 *&e .001

2Amedmet3 A4t *a" ea4ted )- #e!ala State le+i"latu!e o e* fa4t"

eme!+ed o! t&e!e *a" a- 4&a+e i 4i!4um"ta4e"% #e!ala Go,e!met ad

#e!ala State Le+i"latu!e did ot &a,e a "i+le (ie4e of ifo!matio of fa4t

)efo!e it 4o4e!i+ "ei"mi4 4oeffi4iet ,alue" P!o)a)le Ma5imum Flood

2PMF3 le,el" o! a- ot&e! matte! o! mate!ial 4ot!adi4ti+ o! e,e dou)ti+ t&e

fidi+ of t&i" Cou!t i .001 @ud+met *&i4& *a" )a"ed o t&e fidi+" of t&e

E5(e!t Committee%

)1


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;0% It i" "t!euou"l- u!+ed )- lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! Tamil Nadu

t&at o4e a di"(ute i" )efo!e a 4ou!t ad (a!tie" a!e at i""ue o a- ue"tio

of fa4t t&e de4i"io o t&at ue"tio 4a )e !ede!ed ol- )- t&e 4ou!t ad ot

)- t&e le+i"latu!e o! t&e e5e4uti,e% T&e le+i"latu!e 4aot de4ide t&at t&e

*ate! le,el "&all ot e54eed 671 ft% *&e t&e ,e!- i""ue &ad )ee ad@udi4ated

u(o )- t&e 4ou!t%

;6% Lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! Tamil Nadu a!+ue" t&at t&e fidi+ of

fa4t a)out "afet- of t&e dam fo! *ate! le,el u(to 6B. ft% i" res judicata ad

)id" t&e t*o State"% It i" ot *it&i t&e (!o,i4e of t&e #e!ala Le+i"latu!e to

"it i @ud+met o t&e fidi+ of t&i" Cou!t ad (u!(o!t to !e,e!"e t&e "ame )-

di!e4ti+ t&at *ate! le,el "&all !emai at 671 ft% A44o!di+ to Tamil Nadu t&i"

i" ot a le+i"latio it i" t&e e5e!4i"e of


53/158Page 53

to "uffe! f!om a- 4o"titutioal ,i4e o! defe4t 2ii3 t&e!e *a" o o44a"io at all

to !emo,e a- ,i4e o! 4u!e a- defe4t i a- la* ad (e!fo!m a ,alidati+

e5e!4i"e ad 2iii3 i fa4t t&e .001 2Amedmet3 A4t doe" ot (u!(o!t to 4u!e

a- defe4t foud )- t&i" Cou!t i a- la*% I t&i" !e+a!d !elia4e i" (la4ed

u(o de4i"io" of t&i" Cou!t i Prithvi ,otton11 Madan Mohan Patha1!"

People0s nion for ,ivil iberties 2P,31$" Municipal ,orporation of the ,ity of

Ahmedabad and Anr%1+ad 4anapada Sabha15%

;B% It i" a!+ued )- M!% Viod ?o)de t&at ,alidati+ la*" a!e (a""ed

)- t&e le+i"latu!e afte! 4u!i+ t&e defe4t" i t&e la* *&i4& &a,e )ee "t!u49

do* )ut *&e!e a fa4t i" ad@udi4ated u(o t&e!e i" o (o*e! i t&e le+i"latu!e

o! e5e4uti,e to "it i @ud+met u(o a de4i"io o a di"(uted ue"tio of fa4t

ad "u)"titute it" o*


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;1% M!% Ha!i"& N% Sal,e lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! #e!ala o t&e

ot&e! &ad a!+ue" t&at #e!ala le+i"latu!e i" 4om(etet to o,e!!ide t&e

4ot!a4t" ad !e+ulate t&e "afet- of Mulla(e!i-a! dam "ituated *it&i it"

te!!ito!- a4!o"" !i,e! Pe!i-a!% E,e a+!eemet" ete!ed ito )et*ee fo!ei+

"o,e!ei+" 4a )e o,e!!idde i e5e!4i"e of le+i"lati,e (o*e!"% He !elie" u(o

t&e de4i"io" of t&i" Cou!t i 7haur 4a*annath Bash18" Maharaj me*

Sin*h.9" Mani*ault.1ad a a!ti4le )- Rode!i49 E% al"to titled


55/158


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a((lied i t&e "u)"euet 4a"e" ,i'% 7he ,linton Brid*e(9" #od*es(1 ad

,harles B% Miller(.%

:.% S&!i Ha!i"& N% Sal,e a!+ue" t&at .001 2Amedmet3 A4t i" ot a

Validatio A4t i a stricto sensu% &ile ad@udi4ati+ u(o 4o"titutioal ,alidit-

&e a!+ue" t&at t&e 4ou!t mu"t (!o4eed o t&e (!emi"e t&at t&e le+i"latu!e

ude!"tad" ad 4o!!e4tl- a((!e4iate" t&e eed" of it" o* (eo(le ad it"

la*" a!e di!e4ted to t&e (!o)lem" made maife"t )- it" e5(e!ie4e ad a!e

)a"ed o adeuate +!oud"% Lea!ed "eio! 4ou"el fo! #e!ala !elie" u(o t&e

de4i"io of t&i" Cou!t i Elphinstone Spinnin*(( *&i4& a((!o,ed t&e ea!lie!

de4i"io" i Sanjeev ,oe(!ad :oypac Systems($%

ndian Constitution : (eparation of po3ers

:7% Idia Co"titutio uli9e Co"titutio of Uited State" of

Ame!i4a ad Au"t!alia doe" ot &a,e e5(!e"" (!o,i"io of "e(a!atio of

(o*e!"% Ho*e,e! t&e "t!u4tu!e (!o,ided i ou! Co"titutio lea,e" o mae!

of dou)t t&at t&e do4t!ie of "e(a!atio of (o*e!" !u" t&!ou+& t&e Idia

Co"titutio% It i" fo! t&i" !ea"o t&at t&i" Cou!t &a" !e4o+i'ed "e(a!atio of

(o*e! a" a )a"i4 featu!e of t&e Co"titutio ad a e""etial 4o"tituet of

t&e !ule of la*% T&e do4t!ie of "e(a!atio of (o*e!" i" t&ou+& ot e5(!e""l-

e+!afted i t&e Co"titutio it" "*ee( o(e!atio ad ,i"i)ilit- a!e a((a!et$! *+e linton Hrid5e case; [(18!# 88 U% ')'$1 od5es et al. v. %nyder et al.; [(1G$# "1 U% "!!$ +arles H. Miller/ %uperintendent/ Pendleton orrectional Facility et al. v. =ic+ard ,. Frenc+ et al.;[(!!!#

)$! U.%. $8$$ Union of India v. Elp+instone %pinnin5 and Ceavin5 o. Dtd. and Ors.; [(!!1# ' % 1$G.$' %an0eev oe Manufacturin5 o. v. Ms. H+arat oin5 oal Dtd. and ,nr.; [(1G$# 1 % 1'8$) Ms. 7oypac %ystems Pvt. Dtd. v. Union of India and Ors.; [(1G# % GG

)8


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f!om t&e Co"titutio% Idia Co"titutio &a" made dema!4atio *it&out

d!a*i+ fo!mal lie" )et*ee t&e t&!ee o!+a" 8 le+i"latu!e e5e4uti,e ad

@udi4ia!-%

Maal Cand (etia

:B% I Mahal ,hand Sethia71" *&ile deali+ *it& t&e a!+umet t&at

alt&ou+& it *a" o(e to t&e State le+i"latu!e )- a A4t ad t&e Go,e!o! )- a

O!dia4e to amed t&e e"t ?e+al C!imial La* Amedmet 2S(e4ial

Cou!t"3 A4t 6:B: it *a" i4om(etet fo! eit&e! of t&em to ,alidate a o!de! of

t!a"fe! *&i4& &ad )ee ua"&ed )- t&e i""ue of a *!it of certiorari)- t&e Hi+&

Cou!t ad t&e o!de! of t!a"fe! )ei+ ,i!tuall- dead 4ould ot )e !e"u"4itated

)- t&e Go,e!o! o! le+i"latu!e ad t&e ,alidati+ mea"u!e" 4ould ot tou4&

a- ad@udi4atio )- t&e Cou!t% Mitte! J% "(ea9i+ fo! t&e Cou!t "tated t&e

le+al (o"itio


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T&e Co"titutio ?e4& e5(o"ited t&at t&e ,alidit- of a ,alidati+ la*

de(eded u(o *&et&e! t&e le+i"latu!e (o""e""e" t&e 4om(ete4e *&i4& it

4laim" o,e! t&e "u)@e4t matte! ad *&et&e! i ma9i+ t&e ,alidatio it !emo,ed

t&e defe4t *&i4& t&e 4ou!t" &ad foud i t&e e5i"ti+ la* ad made adeuate

(!o,i"io" i t&e ,alidati+ la* fo! a ,alid im(o"itio of t&e ta5e"% I t&e *o!d"

of t&e Co"titutio ?e4&


61/158Page 61

o,e! t&e "u)@e4tmatte! ad *&et&e! i ma9i+ t&e ,alidatio it!emo,e" t&e defe4t *&i4& t&e 4ou!t" &ad foud i t&e e5i"ti+ la* adma9e" adeuate (!o,i"io" i t&e Validati+ La* fo! a ,alid im(o"itioof t&e ta5%=

2em(&a"i" "u((lied3

anapada (aba

:1% T&e Co"titutio ?e4& i 4anapada Sabha15" 4o"ide!ed t&e

(o"itio *it& !e+a!d to le+i"lati,e (o*e! ad a de4i"io of t&e Su(!eme Cou!t

ad made t&e follo*i+ *ei+&t- o)"e!,atio"


62/158


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t&i" Cou!t de4la!ed t&e O!dia4e u4o"titutioal a" it "ou+&t to ullif- t&e

o!de! of t&e T!i)ual im(i+i+ o t&e @udi4ial (o*e! of t&e State%

=?CL

606% I People0s nion for ,ivil iberties 2P,31$ t&e ue"tio ude!

4o"ide!atio )efo!e t&e t&!eeJud+e ?e4& of t&i" Cou!t *a" t&e ,alidit- of

t&e Re(!e"etatio of t&e Peo(le 2Amedmet3 O!dia4e .00.% T&e

amedmet follo*ed t&e de4i"io of t&i" Cou!t iAssociation for :emocratic

Reforms!9% M%?% S&a& J% "(ea9i+ fo! t&e ma@o!it- oti4ed t&e ea!lie!

de4i"io" of t&i" Cou!t i P% Sambamurthy(8" ,auvery reference16 Municipal

,orporation of the ,ity of Ahmedabad1+ Prithvi ,otton11 ad Mahal ,hand

Sethia71 ad "tated


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,ie*" of Si9!i J% "aid t&at dema!4atio of (o*e! )et*ee t&e le+i"latu!e t&e

e5e4uti,e ad t&e @udi4ia!- 4ould )e !e+a!ded a" )a"i4 elemet" of t&e

Co"titutioal "t!u4tu!e% T&e "ame ,ie* i" e5(!e""ed i "u)"euet de4i"io"

of t&i" Cou!t i &ndira @ehru ?andhi!." Bal Muund Sah!(and &%R% ,oelho!!%

T&e ieJud+e Co"titutio ?e4& i &%R% ,oelho!! &a" de"4!i)ed t&at

eualit- !ule of la* @udi4ial !e,ie* ad "e(a!atio of (o*e!" fo!m (a!t" of t&e

)a"i4 "t!u4tu!e of t&e Co"titutio% T&e Cou!t i &%R% ,oelho!! "aid


66/158Page 66

(a!tie" ad t!a"a4tio" ad to !eui!e t&e 4ou!t to +i,e effe4t to t&atla*%..% &ile i ,ie* of t&i" di"ti4tio )et*ee le+i"lati,e ad @udi4ialfu4tio" t&e le+i"latu!e 4aot )- a )a!e de4la!atio *it&out mo!edi!e4tl- o,e!!ule !e,e!"e o! o,e!!ide a @udi4ial de4i"io it ma- at a-time i e5e!4i"e of t&e (lea!- (o*e!" 4ofe!!ed o it )- A!ti4le" .B>ad .B1 of t&e Co"titutio !ede! a @udi4ial de4i"io ieffe4ti,e )-ea4ti+ a ,alid la* o a to(i4 *it&i it" le+i"lati,e field fudametall-alte!i+ o! 4&a+i+ *it& !et!o"(e4ti,e 4u!ati,e o! eut!ali"i+ effe4tt&e 4oditio" o *&i4& "u4& de4i"io i" )a"ed% A" (oited out )- Ra-C%J% i &ndira @ehru ?andhi,% Raj @arain"t&e !ede!i+ ieffe4ti,e of

@ud+met" o! o!de!" of 4om(etet 4ou!t" ad T!i)ual" )- 4&a+i+t&ei! )a"i" )- le+i"lati,e ea4tmet i" a *ell9o* (atte! of all,alidati+ A4t"% Su4& ,alidati+ le+i"latio *&i4& !emo,e" t&e 4au"e"fo! ieffe4ti,ee"" o! i,alidit- of a4tio" o! (!o4eedi+" i" ot ae4!oa4&met o @udi4ial (o*e!%=

607%6% I &%@% Sasena!$" t&i" Cou!t!efe!!ed to a ea!lie! de4i"io

i #ari Sin*h!+*&e!ei a ?e4& of "e,e Jud+e" of t&i" Cou!t oted t&e t*o

te"t" fo! @ud+i+ t&e ,alidit- of a ,alidati+ la* 2i3 *&et&e! t&e le+i"latu!e

(o""e""e" 4om(ete4e o,e! t&e "u)@e4tmatte! ad 2ii3 *&et&e! )-

,alidatio t&e le+i"latu!e &a" !emo,ed t&e defe4t *&i4& t&e 4ou!t" &a,e foud

i t&e (!e,iou" la*% &ile follo*i+ t&e"e t*o te"t" t&e fou!Jud+e ?e4& i

&%@% SasenaB>added a t&i!d te"t *&et&e! it i" 4o"i"tet *it& t&e (!o,i"io" of

Pa!t III of t&e Co"titutio%

=4 ,annadasan

60B% Prithvi ,otton11 &a" )ee follo*ed i #industan ?um and

,hemicals!5 )ijay Mills ,ompany!6ad P% =annadasan!8% It i" ot e4e""a!-

to )u!de t&i" @ud+met *it& all t&e t&!ee @ud+met" a" i ou! ,ie* !efe!e4e

'" ari %in5+ and Ors. v. Military Estate Officer and ,nr.; [(1G8# % $G'8 industan 3um and +emicals Dtd. v. %tate of aryana and Ot+ers; [(1G)# ' % 1''Ji0ay Mills ompany Dimited and Ot+ers v. %tate of 3u0arat and Ors.; [(1GG$# 1 % $')'GP. 6annadasan and Ot+ers v. %tate of *.?. and Ot+ers; [(1GG"# ) % "8!

""


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60>% I &ndian Aluminium ,ompany$9" oe of t&e 4otetio"

add!e""ed to t&i" Cou!t *a" t&at t&e #e!ala le+i"latu!e &ad o (o*e! to ea4t

Se4tio 66 of t&e im(u+ed A4t ,alidati+ t&e le,- *it& !et!o"(e4ti,e effe4t a"

it amouted to e4!oa4&met u(o @udi4ial (o*e! of t&e 4ou!t"% &ile deali+

*it& t&i" 4otetio t&e Cou!t !efe!!ed to ea!lie! de4i"io" of t&i" Cou!t ad

4ulled out t&e follo*i+ (!i4i(le" 2(a!a >1 P+"% 11.117 of t&e Re(o!t3

ad .B1 ad ot&e! 4om(aio a!ti4le"!ead *it& t&e et!ie" i t&e !e"(e4ti,e li"t" i t&e Se,et& S4&edule toma9e t&e la* *&i4& i4lude" (o*e! to amed t&e la*%2B3 Cou!t" i t&ei! 4o4e! ad edea,ou! to (!e"e!,e @udi4ial (o*e!euall- mu"t )e +ua!ded to maitai t&e deli4ate )ala4e de,i"ed )-t&e Co"titutio )et*ee t&e t&!ee "o,e!ei+ fu4tioa!ie"% I o!de!t&at !ule of la* (e!meate" to fulfil 4o"titutioal o)@e4ti,e" ofe"ta)li"&i+ a e+alita!ia "o4ial o!de! t&e !e"(e4ti,e "o,e!ei+

fu4tioa!ie" eed f!ee (la- i t&ei! @oit" "o t&at t&e ma!4& of "o4ial(!o+!e"" ad o!de! !emai" uim(eded% T&e "moot& )ala4e )uilt *it&deli4a4- mu"t al*a-" )e maitaied2>3 I it" a5iet- to "afe+ua!d @udi4ial (o*e! it i" ue4e""a!- to )eo,e!'ealou" ad 4o@u!e u( i4u!"io ito t&e @udi4ial (!e"e!,ei,alidati+ t&e ,alid la* 4om(etetl- made213 T&e 4ou!t t&e!efo!e eed" to 4a!efull- "4a t&e la* to fid out 2 a3*&et&e! t&e ,i4e (oited out )- t&e 4ou!t ad i,alidit- "uffe!ed )-(!e,iou" la* i" 4u!ed 4om(l-i+ *it& t&e le+al ad 4o"titutioal!eui!emet" 2b3 *&et&e! t&e le+i"latu!e &a" 4om(ete4e to ,alidatet&e la* 2c3 *&et&e! "u4& ,alidatio i" 4o"i"tet *it& t&e !i+&t"+ua!ateed i Pa!t III of t&e Co"titutio%

2/3 T&e 4ou!t doe" ot &a,e t&e (o*e! to ,alidate a i,alid la* o! tole+ali"e im(o"t of ta5 ille+all- made ad 4olle4ted o! to !emo,e t&eo!m of i,alidatio o! (!o,ide a !emed-% T&e"e a!e ot @udi4ialfu4tio" )ut t&e e54lu"i,e (!o,i4e of t&e le+i"latu!e% T&e!efo!e t&e-a!e ot e4!oa4&met o @udi4ial (o*e!%2;3 I e5e!4i"i+ le+i"lati,e (o*e! t&e le+i"latu!e )- me!e de4la!atio*it&out a-t&i+ mo!e 4aot di!e4tl- o,e!!ule !e,i"e o! o,e!!ide a

)! Indian ,luminium ompany and Ot+ers v. %tate of 6erala and Ot+ers; [(1GG"# 8 % "$8

"


69/158


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ue"tioed ad 4&alle+ed ule"" t&e 4ou!t i" of t&e ,ie* t&at "u4& e5e!4i"e i"

i ,iolatio of A!ti4le 6B of t&e Co"titutio% It eed ot )e im(!e""ed t&at

*&ee,e! a- A4t o! amedmet i" )!ou+&t i fo!4e !et!o"(e4ti,el- o! a-

(!o,i"io of t&e A4t i" deleted !et!o"(e4ti,el- i t&i" (!o4e"" !i+&t" of "ome

a!e )oud to )e affe4ted oe *a- o! t&e ot&e!% I e,e!- 4a"e it 4aot )e

u!+ed t&at t&e e5e!4i"e )- t&e le+i"latu!e *&ile it!odu4i+ a e* (!o,i"io o!

deleti+ a e5i"ti+ (!o,i"io *it& !et!o"(e4ti,e effe4tper se"&all )e ,iolati,e

of A!ti4le 6B of t&e Co"titutio% If t&at "tad i" a44e(ted t&e t&e e4e""a!-

4o!olla!- "&all )e t&at le+i"latu!e &a" o (o*e! to le+i"late !et!o"(e4ti,el-

)e4au"e i t&at e,et a ,e"ted !i+&t i" effe4ted of 4ou!"e i a "(e4ial

"ituatio t&i" Cou!t &a" &eld t&at "u4& e5e!4i"e *a" ,iolati,e of A!ti4le 6B of

t&e Co"titutio%%= % T&e Co"titutio ?e4& &eld t&at t&e (!o,i"io" of t&e

im(u+ed A4t do ot (u!(o!t to affe4t a- ,e"ted o! a4ui!ed !i+&t it ol-

!e"to!e" t&e (o"itio *&i4& e5i"ted *&e t&e (!i4i(al A4t *a" i fo!4e% It

fu!t&e! &eld t&at t&e Amedi+ A4t did ot a"9 t&e i"t!umetalitie" of t&e

State to di"o)e- o! di"!e+a!d t&e de4i"io +i,e )- t&e Hi+& Cou!t )ut *&at it

&a" doe i" t&at it &a" !emo,ed t&e )a"i" of it" de4i"io%

2lpinstone (pinning and eaving Company

60/% T&e Co"titutio ?e4& of t&i" Cou!t i Elphinstone Spinnin* and

;eavin* ,ompany(( laid do* 2a3 t&e!e i" al*a-" a (!e"um(tio t&at t&e

le+i"latu!e doe" ot e54eed it" @u!i"di4tio 2)3 t&e )u!de of e"ta)li"&i+ t&at

t&e le+i"latu!e &a" t!a"+!e""ed 4o"titutioal madate" i" al*a-" o t&e

8!


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(e!"o *&o 4&alle+e" it" ,i!e" ad 243 ule"" it )e4ome" 4lea! )e-od

!ea"oa)le dou)t t&at t&e le+i"latio i ue"tio &a" t!a"+!e""ed t&e

4o"titutioal limit" it mu"t )e allo*ed to "tad%

!aram !utt

60;% T&e (!i4i(le t&at t&e do4t!ie of 4olo!a)le le+i"latio doe" ot

i,ol,e )oa fide" o! mala fide" o t&e (a!t of t&e le+i"latu!e i" &i+&li+&ted )-

t&i" Cou!t i :haram :utt>.% Rel-i+ u(o ea!lie! de4i"io" i =%,% ?ajapati

@arayan :eo$(

ad Ayurvedic and nani 7ibia ,olle*e$!

t&e Cou!t i

:haram :utt52fu!t&e! o)"e!,ed

73 of t&e Re(o!t a" follo*"

)7+aram 7utt and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors.; [(!!'# 1 % 81)$ %ri %ri %ri 6.. 3a0apati ?arayan 7eo v. %tate of Orissa; [,I= 1G)$ % $8))' Hoard of *rustees/ ,yurvedic and Unani *i4ia olle5e/ 7el+i v. %tate of 7el+i (no- 7el+i ,dministration#

and ,nr.; [,I= 1G" % ')

81


72/158Page 72

73 of t&e Re(o!t


73/158Page 73

(!e"et 4a"e% T&e im(u+ed A4t i" ot lia)le to )e aulled o t&e+!oud of ,iolatio of t&e do4t!ie of "e(a!atio of (o*e!"%=

>irender (ing


74/158Page 74

!et!o"(e4ti,e effe4t )ut &a" o (o*e! to 4&a+e a @ud+met of 4ou!t of la*

eit&e! !et!o"(e4ti,el- o! (!o"(e4ti,el-% T&e Co"titutio 4lea!l- defie" t&e

limit" of le+i"lati,e (o*e! ad @udi4ial (o*e!% Noe 4a e4!oa4& u(o t&e

field 4o,e!ed )- t&e ot&e!% T&e la*" made )- t&e le+i"latu!e &a,e to 4ofo!m

to t&e 4o"titutioal (!o,i"io" %=%

60:%6 T&e Cou!t fu!t&e! "aid


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"tated


76/158Page 76

4la""i4 e5am(le of u"u!(atio of @udi4ial fu4tio )- t&e le+i"latu!e i a

(edi+ 4a"e% I t&at 4a"e t&e Judi4ial Committee of t&e P!i,- Cou4il &eld

t&at t&e C!imial La* 2S(e4ial P!o,i"io"3 A4t No% 6 of 6:1. u"u!(ed ad

if!i+ed @udi4ial (o*e! ad *a" t&e!efo!e i,alid% T&i" A4t modified t&e

C!imial P!o4edu!e Code a((li4a)le i Ce-lo )- (u!(o!ti+ to le+ali"e e


77/158Page 77

+!a,e ad deli)e!ate i4u!"io i t&e @udi4ial "(&e!e% It i" *o!t& oti4i+ t&e

follo*i+ (a""a+e f!om iyana*e1.


78/158Page 78

"e(a!atio of (o*e!"% It la-" do* t&at u"u!(atio o44u!" *&e t&e le+i"latu!e

&a" e5e!4i"ed @udi4ial (o*e! o it" o* )e&alf%

eeling ridge

667% T&e de4i"io of t&e US Su(!eme Cou!t i ;heelin* Brid*e.8

de"e!,e" a little ela)o!ate 4o"ide!atio "i4e a +!eat deal of !elia4e &a"

)ee (la4ed )- M!% Ha!i"& Sal,e o t&i" @ud+met% T&e di"(ute i t&at 4a"e

4o4e!ed a,i+atio o t&e O&io Ri,e!% I t&e ea!lie! de4i"io i,ol,i+ t&e

"ame (a!tie" t&e U%S% Su(!eme Cou!t &ad &eld t&e defedat" )!id+e to )e

a ula*ful "t!u4tu!e to t&e e5tet t&at it o)"t!u4ted a,i+atio o t&e O&io

Ri,e! i )!ea4& of t&e fede!al "tatute" ad t&e!e)- o)"t!u4ti+ (u)li4 !i+&t of

f!ee a,i+atio% T&e State of Pe"-l,aia *&i4

mullapperiyar dam case.pdf

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