muscles-action and location. we will now examine the major muscles in the body. as a fitness leader...
TRANSCRIPT
We will now examine the major muscles in the body. As a fitness leader you will be expected to know these names of these muscles, their location and their action as they move different joints in the body. You will need this knowledge to explain exercises to clients. You will also need to know the names of muscles as you communicate with other health professionals.
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Pectoralis major Flexes adducts and medially rotates the arm
Anterior chest wall
Pectoralis Minor Adducts and medially rotates the arm
Anterior chest deep to
pectoralis major
Serratus anterior Holds scapula against ribs rotates scapula upwards an laterally
Lies beneath and inferior to pectoralis major and has a serrated appearance.
Summary of muscles and jointsMuscle Joints which move
Pectoralis major The shoulder joint
Pectoralis Minor The shoulder joint
Serratus anterior The scapulo-thoracic region ( no specific joint)
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles What exercises can you think of that would
strengthen these muscles?
2. Major Muscles of the posterior trunk and back Latissimus dorsi Trapezius (lower fibres) Rhomboid major and minor Quadratus lumborum Erector spinae
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Latissimus Dorsi Extends, adducts and medial rotates the arm
Lower trunk extending up to the arm
Trapezius (lower fibres)
Retracts and depresses the scapula
The posterior trunk from the tip of the shoulder down to the lumbar spine
Rhomboids Retracts the scapula
Medial border of the scapula to the spine
Summary of actions and location cont…Muscle Action Location
Quadratus Lumborum
Side bending of the trunk
Hitching of the pelvis
Between the lowest rib and iliac crest
Erector Spinae-
(made up of three muscles)
Iliocostalis, Longissimus,
Spinales,
Trunk extension and some trunk side flexion
On either side of the spine, with some extensions
out onto the ribs
Summary of muscles and joints
Muscles Joint action
Latissimus Dorsi The shoulder joint
Trapezius (lower fibres)
The scapulo-thoracic region ( no specific joint)
Quadratus Lumborum
The lumbar spine intervertebral/facet joints and the sacro-liac joint
Erector Spinae Spine intervertebral/facet joints
Rhomboids The scapulo-thoracic region ( no specific joint)
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles. How would you strengthen these muscles?
Summary of actions and location
Muscle Action Location
Sternocleido-mastoid
Head flexion, rotation and lateral flexion
Front of neck
Trapezius Head and neck side flexion
Hitching scapula and shoulder
Side of neck down to the tip of the shoulder
Muscles and Joint Action
Muscle Joint Action
Sternocleido-mastoid
Cervical intervertebral/ facets joints
Trapezius Cervical intervertebral/ facets joints
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles How would you strengthen these muscles?
4. Major muscles of the upper limb
Deltoid Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Forearm flexors Forearm extensors
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Deltoid Abduction of the arm
Tip of the shoulder
Biceps brachii Flexion of the elbow and shoulder
Front of the arm between shoulder and elbow
Triceps brachii Extension of the elbow and shoulder
Back of the arm between the shoulder and elbow
Summary of actions and location
Muscle Action LocationForearm flexors( The major ones are -Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum, palmaris longus)
Flexing the wrist and fingers
From the medial epicondyle down the anterior or palmar side of the forearm
Forearm extensors(The major ones are- Extensor carpi radialis longus &brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum)
Extending the wrist and fingers
From the lateral epicondyle down the posterior or dorsal side of the forearm.
Muscles and joint actionMuscles Joint Action
Deltoid The shoulder joint
Biceps brachii
The elbow and shoulder joint
Triceps brachii
The elbow and the shoulder joint
Forearm flexors
The wrist joint and some move the finder joints
Forearm extensors
The wrist joints and some move the finder joint
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles
5. Major muscles of the abdominal region Rectus abdominis External and Internal oblique Transverse abdominis
Summary of actions and location
Muscle Action Location
Rectus abdominis
(The six pack)
Trunk flexion Straight up and down from the ribs to the pelvis
External and Internal oblique
Trunk flexion, rotation and side flexion
Diagonal muscles on the side of the trunk
Transverse abdominis
Trunk and lumbar spine core stability
Circular muscle deep to other abdominal muscles.
Muscles and Joint ActionMuscle Joint Action
Rectus abdominis
Thoracic and lumbar spine intervertebral / facets joints
Sacro-iliac joint
External and Internal oblique
Thoracic and lumbar spine intervertebral / facets joints
Transverse abdominis
Lumbar spine intervertebral / facets joints
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles. How would you strengthen these muscles?
6. Major muscles of the lower limb Gluteals- maximus, medius and minimus Quadriceps- vastus medialis, lateralis,
intermedialis rectus femoris Hamstrings- biceps femoris,
semitendinosus, semimembranosus Calf- Gastrocnemius, soleus Tibialis anterior
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Gluteus maximus Hip extension Major muscle base of trunk covering the pelvis
Gluteus medius Hip abduction medial rotation and stabilisation of the hip
Lateral posterior pelvis, slightly lateral to the glut.max.
Gluteus minimus Hip abduction medial rotation and stabilisation of the hip
Sits deep to the glut max.
Muscles and joint action
Muscle Joint Action
Gluteus maximus
Hip joint
Gluteus medius Hip joint
Gluteus minimus
Hip joint
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles What exercises can you think of that would
strengthen these muscles?
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Biceps femoris Extends the hip and flexes the knee
The back of the thigh, the lateral side
Semitendinosus Extends the hip and flexes the knee
The back of the thigh, the medial side
Semimembranosus Extends the hip and flexes the knee
The back of the thigh, the medial side
Muscles and joint action
Muscle Joint Action
Biceps femoris Hip joint and knee joint
Semitendinosus Hip joint and knee joint
Semimembranosus Hip and knee joint
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles What exercises can you think of that would
strengthen these muscles?
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Rectus femoris Flexes the hip and extends the knee
Main muscle in the front of the thigh
Vasti lateralis Extends the knee Major muscle sitting slightly lateral to rectus femoris
Vasti medialis Extends the knee Major muscle sitting slightly medial to rectus femoris
Vasti intermedialis Extends the knee Sits under the rectus femoris
Muscles and joint action
Muscle Joint ActionRectus femoris Hip and knee joint
Vasti lateralis Knee joint
Vasti medialis Knee joint
Vasti intermedialis
Knee joint
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles What exercises can you think of that would
strengthen these muscles?
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Gastrocnemius Flexes the knee and plantaflexes (extends) the ankle
The major muscle in the calf
Soleus Plantaflexes the ankle
Sits deep to gastrconemius
Muscles and Joint Action
Muscle Joint Action
Gastrocnemius Knee joint and ankle joint
Soleus Ankle joint
Learning Tools
Find the muscles you have just learnt on a fellow student or friend.
As you identify them review the names, actions of these muscles and joints which move as these muscles contract.
List the actions of these muscles What exercises can you think of that would
strengthen these muscles?
Summary of actions and locationMuscle Action Location
Tibialis Anterior Ankle dorsiflexion
Below the knee , the just lateral to the shin.