Muscular SystemMuscular System

Medical Terminology

Anatomy of MuscleAnatomy of Muscle• Types:

– Skeletal (striated; voluntary)

– Smooth (non-striated; involuntary)

– Cardiac• Attachments:

• Tendons– Aponeurosis

• Fascia – Connective tissue that covers and separates muscle

Physiology of MusclePhysiology of Muscle

• Primary Functions – Make body movement possible. (see next slide)

– Hold body erect. (posture = proprioception)

– – Move body fluids ---- smooth muscle– – Produce body heat.

Movement Physiology of MuscleMovement Physiology of Muscle

• Kinesiology (kinesis = movement) • Bradykinesia = slow movement

– ROM = range of motion

• Antagonistic pairs– Abduction ----- adduction– Flexion ---------- extension– Rotation --------circumduction– Supination ----- pronation– Dorsiflexion --- plantar flexion

ImportantImportant combining forms for musclecombining forms for muscle

• Muscle– my/o, myos/o

• Fascia --- covers, supports, & separates muscle– fasci/o

• Tendon --- connects muscle to bone– tendin/o– Aponeurosis = flat tendon

Major Muscles of the BodyMajor Muscles of the Body• Masseter• Trapezius• Sternocleidomastoid• Deltoid• Biceps• Triceps • Latissimus dorsi• Pectoralis• Rectus abdominis• Gluteus• Hamstrings • Quadriceps femoris• Sartorius• Vastus lateralis• Gastrocnemius

Pathology of the Muscular SystemPathology of the Muscular System

• Myomalacia ---------------- abnormal softening of muscle

• Myorrhexis ----------------- rupture of muscle

• Ataxia -------------- uncoordinated voluntary muscle movement– Tax = coordination

• Dystaxia --------------------- dys = bad

• Spasm ------------------------ “cramp”• Myoclonus ------------------ clon = violent action

• Torticollis ------------------- stiff neck

• Kinesia ----------------------- movement– Dyskinesia– Hyper/ hypo– kinesia– Bradykinesia ------------------- brady = slow

• Myasthenia -------------- -asthenia = weakness

• Myolysis ----------------- -lysis = destruction of

• Myocele ------------------ -cele = hernia

• Hemiparesis ------------- paresis = weakness

• Paraplegia ---------------- plegia = paralysis

• Quadriplegia

• Hemiplegia• Hiccups = spasm of diaphragm ; also called “singultus”

• Contracture = shortening of muscle & resistant to stretching