nabarro nathanson workshop on software quality and the legal system friday 13th february 2004 safety...
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![Page 1: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System
Friday 13th February 2004
Safety Related Systems:
The Legal Framework
Dai Davis
Solicitor and Chartered Engineer
![Page 2: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Overview What Software is Safety Related? The Legal System
Civil -v- Criminal law
EU background Product Liability Criminal Liability Personal Liability
![Page 3: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Range of safety related products
![Page 4: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Whose loss is it anyway?
![Page 5: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Types of Liability Civil
Contract Negligence Product liability
Criminal Health and Safety at Work etc act 1974
and related regulations Machine Safety, EMC Regulations
![Page 6: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Historical Perspective Harmonisation measure of EU Directive of 25 July 1985
Effective 25 July 1988
Consumer Protection Act 1987 Effective 1 March 1988
![Page 7: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
PRODUCT LIABILITY Where DAMAGE is CAUSED by a DEFECT in a PRODUCT then CERTAIN PERSONS are liable for that damage
![Page 8: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Death or personal injury Property
Ordinarily intended for private use
Actually intended for private use
Damage
![Page 9: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
PRODUCT LIABILITY Where DAMAGE is CAUSED by a DEFECT in a PRODUCT then CERTAIN PERSONS are liable for that damage
![Page 10: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
“Damage wholly or partly caused”
Causation must be proved Strict liability? Comparison with negligence
Causation
![Page 11: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
PRODUCT LIABILITY Where DAMAGE is CAUSED by a DEFECT in a PRODUCT then CERTAIN PERSONS are liable for that damage
![Page 12: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Defect Safety which persons are entitled to expect
Other circumstances Purposes for which marketed Instructions and warnings Reasonable use Time of supply
Safety of subsequent products
![Page 13: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
PRODUCT LIABILITY Where DAMAGE is CAUSED by a DEFECT in a PRODUCT then CERTAIN PERSONS are liable for that damage
![Page 14: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Product Goods or electricity Component product Computer software?
Supply of hardware and software
Probable position
![Page 15: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
PRODUCT LIABILITY Where DAMAGE is CAUSED by a DEFECT in a PRODUCT then CERTAIN PERSONS are liable for that damage
![Page 16: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
PERSONS LIABLE Producer
definition
Persons use trade mark Business importer Supplier
fails to identify within a reasonable time
Individual employee? Consultant?
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Nabarro Nathanson
EXAMPLE - THE WASHING MACHINE P Purchaser E End-
user
D “Own brand” retailer
C Manufacturer of complete
product
B Manufacturer of
component computer
Hardware H S Software supplier
supplier
A Software author
The links indicate the contractual
relationships between the parties.
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Nabarro Nathanson
State of scientific and technical knowledge of a “typical” producer
Not such as to enable defect to be discovered
Not a test of reasonableness Importance of standards Importance of best practice
DEVELOPMENT RISKS DEFENCE
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Nabarro Nathanson
Health & Safety at Work etc act 1974 Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Control of Industrial Major Accident
Hazards Environmental Protection Act 1990 Water Resources Act 1991 Machine Safety regulations EMC regulations
CRIMINAL LIABILITY
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Nabarro Nathanson
Determine whether liable (full or partial risk analysis)
Note the standards Warnings and instructions Contract out Seek an indemnity Development risks defence Records Insurance
HOW YOU CAN REDUCE LIABILITY
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Nabarro Nathanson
The real problem - Product Liability
Distinction between Consultants and Employees
For criminal offences eg. Machine Safety eg. Electromagnetic Compatibility
PERSONAL LIABILITY
![Page 22: Nabarro Nathanson Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System Friday 13th February 2004 Safety Related Systems: The Legal Framework Dai Davis Solicitor](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d545503460f94a30449/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Nabarro Nathanson
Workshop on Software Quality and the Legal System
Friday 13th February 2004
Safety Related Systems:
The Legal Framework
Dai Davis
Solicitor and Chartered Engineer