namāz of mo’min chapter 16 namāz of a traveler

8/3/2019 Namz of Momin Chapter 16 Namz of a traveler

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Chapter: 16

Namz of a traveler

Rules and Regulations

Pertaining to

Namz of Momin(A comprehensive guide)


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Chapter 16: Namz of a traveler

(Qr'n Shareef, Soorah 4 An Nis, verse 101)

When you travel on the earth it is no fault on you if you shorten alt.

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(Qr'n Shareef, Soorah 4 An Nis, verse 100)

And if someone goes away from his home, as one who isemigrating to Allh and His prophet, and then death overtakes

him, his reward will be incumbent on Allh.

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Every person enjoys the opportunity of traveling. Namz is suchan obligation (duty), which has to be performed in all state ofaffairs including traveling. However, during journey there aresome special considerations in namz in the form of qa'r. Theterm qa'r can be defined as curtailment of far namz during

journey.

It has been commanded (in Shariat) to make qa'r in oh'r,a'r and ish namz where only two rakats namz isperformed in place of four rakats.

It should be noted that qa'r is meant for only four-rakatsfar namz. There is no qa'r for two or three-rakats far, vjibor snnat namz. If time permits snnat namz has to beperformed in total. In case of haste snnat namz is exempted.We will discuss following topics in this chapter:

Adee pertaining to namz of a traveler

Issues regarding namz of a traveler Place of residence Namz on conveyance Traveler mqtadee behind non-traveler imm

Non-traveler mqtadee behind traveler imm

1. Adee pertaining to namz a traveler:

1.1 adee Shareef:

mml-Momineen arat Ayeshah iddeeqah

has narrated that:

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Initially (pre-migration) two-rakats namz was madeobligatory (far). When uoor-e Aqdas

migrated, it was altered to four-rakats for normal course

of time. However, for journey days it remained unalteredi.e. two-rakats.(Bkhree Shareef, Mslim Shareef)

1.2 adee Shareef:

arat Abdllh bin Abbs has narrated that:

Allh has made (through uoor-e Aqdas) four-rakats namz obligatory (far) for

those who are at home (non-travelers) and two-rakats

for those who are travelers.(aee Mslim Shareef)

1.3 adee Shareef:

Ib'n-e Mjah has recorded a narration ascribing to aratAbdllh ib'n-e mar that:

uoor-e Aqdas has prescribed two-rakatsnamz for journey days and it is all-inclusive. This phraseis understood to mean that even though the number of

rakats has been reduced to two from four but therewards are the same.

2. Issues regarding namz a traveler:

Who is a traveler?

Qa'r is vjib during journey

Qa'r is applicable in which namz?

2.1 Who is a traveler?

2.1.1 Issue: According to Islmic jurisprudence, an individualwill be considered as traveler who leaves his area orvillage with an intention to travel for a distance of three

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days1, which can be interpreted as 57.5 miles (92.54km2). (Bahr-e Shariat IV/76, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/668)

2.1.2 Issue: Traveler is a person who does journeycontinuously (uninterruptedly) at least for the distance of92.54 km (57.5 miles). The rule is absolute one. It makesno difference whether journey is for lawful or unlawfulpurpose. Once a person travels continuously for 92.54km or more, the rules and regulations of traveler willapply on that person.3 (Bahr-e Shariat IV/77)

2.1.3 Issue: Qa'r namz should be performed in the presenceof following two factors:

Uninterrupted journey of 57.5 mile (92.54 km), and Intention to stay there for less than 15 days.

Concomitant presence of both factors is inevitable forthe validity of qa'r namz. If the uninterrupted journeyis for less than 57.5 miles then qa'r is not indicated.Similarly, if an individual starts journey with the intentionof staying at the destination for more than 15 days thenafter reaching the destination he cannot be consideredas traveler as per Islmic jurisprudence and at the

1 A day means the shortest day in the year and the whole day donot mean a distance of a person traveling from early morning tonight but the major part of the day. For instance, started walkingfrom the break of dawn to the afternoon and then repeated thesame for the next two days, then the total distance is regarded astraveling distance according to Shariat . Walking from dawn to theafternoon does not mean continuous walking, but resting as andwhen necessary and the speed is not too fast or too slow. Walkingon dry land means the same speed as a camel and a man walking,walking on rocks and rough ground is whatever speed necessary to

walk and traveling on a boat is the speed when the wind is not toofast nor too still.2 Conversion formula: 1 mile = 1.60934 km

Therefore 57.5 miles = 92.53705 km;Say 92.54 km.

3 A woman cannot travel without a maram:It is not permissible for a woman to travel for a distance of threedays (which can be interpreted as 57.5 miles or 92.54 km) or morewithout a maram (see page 83). In fact, she can not travel for adistance of a day with a child or with a person with lessintelligence than average without being assisted by her husband oradult maram. It is also necessary that the maram is not a bigwrongdoer or a person, who has gained disrespect.

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destination he has to perform full namz. (FatvRaaviyyah-III/669)

2.1.4 Issue: Suppose, there are two routes to reach adestination.

Route 1: Distance that satisfy the conditions for thevalidity of being a traveler (i.e. equal to ormore than 92.54 km)

Route 2: Distance that does not satisfy the conditionsfor the validity of being a traveler (i.e. lessthan 92.54 km)

Now, it depends upon which route is being selected

for journey. If an individual selects route number 1 (withor even without any reason for selecting the said route)then he will be considered as traveler. In case he selectsroute number 2, then he will not be considered astraveler.(lam-geeri, Drr-e Mkhtr, Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-eShariat IV/76)

Exemplification:

Journey started from Porbandar

Destination DhorajiAs shown in below given illustrationRoute 1by road A: long route (93 km)Route 2 by road B: short route (85 km) Suppose, a person namely Tausif opts route 1, then

he will become a traveler and rules of qa'r will beapplicable on him.

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Another person namely Shabbir opts route 2, then hewill not be a traveler and rules of qa'r will not beapplicable on him.

2.1.5 Issue: Rules and regulations pertaining to traveler willapply as soon as a person who has started journey withthe intention (niyyat) to travel 92.54 km (57.5 mile) ormore reaches the outskirts of the city or area. He will have to perform qa'r namz once he is on the

outskirts of the locality situated far-off from the densepopulation, even though the person concerned is goingto sojourn for more than 15 days at the destination.

On the way (during journey) he will have to performqa'r namz.

On reaching the destination (if sojourn period is morethan 15 days) he will become non-traveler and willhave to perform full namz.

(lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat IV/78)

2.1.6 Issue: Traveler must make the intention (niyyat) totravel492.54 km (57.5 miles) or more uninterruptedly fora valid journey. If a person journeys hundreds and

hundreds of kilometers but in small parts (i.e.interruptedly) and segments of the journey are less than92.54 km (57.5 miles) then he will not be considered astraveler.

Exemplification:

4 Only an intention of traveling is not sufficient but he has to leavethe area, if it is a village then to leave the village, if it is a town toleave the town and if it is a city then not only the city but its

associated landmarks then the journey has begun.Those who are under the control of someone else then their

intention will not count and those who are controlling, theirintention will count. A husbands intention will count and wifes willnot. A masters intention will count: a slaves intention will not. Anofficer of the armys intention will count, the soldiers intention willnot. Therefore, if the husband made the intention of finishing the

journey and the wife did not then both will have finished thejourney because the husbands intention will count and the wifesintention will not and in the same way if the wife made theintention of finishing the journey and the husband did not thenthey will not have finished the journey, and the same rule appliesto all those who are dependent on someone else.

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A person starts journey from Bombay and just after 25kilometers he breaks his journey for one day on accountof some work. On the next day he proceeds further from

there and again after the journey of 80 kilometers he hasto break his journey for a day. In the same fashion hecontinued his journey interruptedly for hundreds of miles.Nevertheless, as per Islmic jurisprudence, he will not beconsidered as a traveler. He will have to perform fullnamz. Qa'r would be unlawful for him.(Ghnyah, Bahr-e Shariat IV/77)

2.1.7 Issue: Rules and regulations of traveler will be applicableon a person only if his intention is based on authentic

reasoning rather than presumptions.

Suppose, a traveler makes intention to sojourn for 15days at a particular place in the state of being fullyaware that he will have to leave that place before thestipulated time. This is a perplexing situation. Travelerknows that he is not going to stay there for 15 dayseven though he makes an intention (niyyat) to staythere for 15 or more days. The said niyyat is notaee (correct) one.

Exemplification:

Suppose a person goes to Makkah Maamah (exaltedMecca city) for ajj on 1st Zil-ijjah with intention (niyyat)to stay there for 15 days. This astray intention (niyyat)cannot be relied upon. As per the rules and regulations ofthe ajj he has to go to Araft, Min and Mzdalfah on9th & 10th Zil-ijjah to accomplish arkn of ajj. Thereforethe intention made to sojourn for 15 days at Makkah

Maamah will turn to be incorrect and hence, he willhave to perform qa'r namz. However, if he decides tosojourn in Makkah Maamah for 15 or more days afterreturning from Araft and Meen, then the decision(niyyat) can be said as correct one.5

5 For a better elucidation we will go through proceedings of the fivedays of ajj in brief:

1st day: 8th Zil-ijjahAfter putting on Erm the jees proceed to Min after sunriseand perform five namzes there, i.e. oh'r, a'r, maghrib, ish andfaj'r of the next day (9th Zil-ijjah).

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Namz of Momin

Suppose, a person has in mind to journey for less than57.5 miles but for the purpose of availing comfort andease of qa'r namz in-route, he makes the so called

niyyat to journey 57.5 miles or more. The niyyat isincorrect, imaginary and far away from the fact. In thissituation the qa'r namz will tends to be unlawful.(lam-geeri, Merjd Diryh, Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-eShariat IV/80, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/664)

2.1.8 Issue: A traveler travels for more than 57.5 miles and atthe destination he intends to sojourn for less than 15days assuming that his work will be finished within two to

four days. However, because of some inevitable reasonshe is not able to finish his work and goes on waiting day

2nd day: 9th Zil-ijjahAfter sunrise the jees proceed to Araft to stay for vqoof(standing) after oh'r namz. After namz all jees are supposedto remain standing (or sit if one can not stand) facing towards immand listen to the prayers he will say. oh'r and a'r namz will beperformed here. Here they remain engaged in d, zik'r andtilvat, etc. until sunset. Immediately after sunset they proceed toMzdalfah. Here they will perform maghrib and ish (both) at the

time of ish. The night will be spent at Mzdalfah.3rd day: 10th Zil-ijjahAfter performing faj'r namz at Mzdalfah, the jees proceed toMin before sunrise. On this day four important rites have to beperformed: Stoning the big shain Sacrifice an animal Shaving the hair of the head To perform avf

4th day: 11th Zil-ijjah

All three shains have to be pelted on this day and night will bespent at Min.

5th day: 12th Zil-ijjahAll three shains have to be pelted again after oh'r namz and thejees may now proceed to Makkah.Min: Here clean pebbles (or anything on which tayammm ispermissible) are thrown for three days. It is located 5 miles awayfrom Makkah.

Mzdalfah: It is located 6 miles away from Makkah.

Araft: A vast plain. It is 3 miles away from Mzdalfah and 13miles away from Makkah.

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by day. In this given situation, even if the waiting periodextends from days to months to years, the concernperson will remain a traveler and he has to perform qa'r

namz. (lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat IV/80)

2.2 During journey qa'r is vjib:

2.2.1 Issue: It is vjib to perform qa'r namz for a traveler.This phrase is understood to mean that a traveler mustperform only two rakats far namz instead of four-rakats. If a traveler deliberately performs four rakatsnamz with the intention of achieving more rewards

(avb), then he will be a sinner and deservespunishment.

uoor-e Aqdas has narrated that:

It is propitiatory (adqah)6 i.e. comfort. Allhprovides you comfort accept it.

(Drr-e Mkhtr, lam-geeri, Hidyah, Bahr-e ShariatIV/77, Fatv Raaviyyah-III/667)

2.2.2 Issue: Suppose a traveler performs complete namz

instead of qa'r namz as per laws of Islmicjurisprudence due to ignorance, in that case he deservessevere punishment. It is vjib for him to repeat thenamz. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/669)

2.3 In which namz qa'r is applicable?

2.3.1 Issue: Qa'r is for the oh'r, a'r and ish namz.

There is no qa'r for Far namz of faj'r and maghrib Snnat namz

Snnat namz must be performed in full. However,due to fear (of missing the means of transport or of beinglate) or in haste one may skip the snnat but cannotperform it as qa'r.

6 adqah: Lexically this term is understood to mean sacrifice,offerings or propitiation. However, in this given context this termshould be inferred to mean comfort (as the benefactor is Allh).

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(lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat IV/78)

3 Place of residence:

Home-town (vaan-e alee)

Place of sojourn (vaan-e iqmat)

3.1 Vaan-e alee:Following places are considered as vaan-e alee:

Birth place Permanent residence of a person and his family A place where one has settled with the intention of not

to move from there.

The dictum is that if a person returns from journey tovaan-e alee even with the intention to stay there for

less than 15 days, he becomes a non-traveler andperforms full namz.

3.1.1 Issue: Suppose, someone has two wives residing in twodifferent cities permanently. In this given situation bothcities will be vaan-e alee for the concern person. Fullnamz is to be performed in both places by him. (Drr-eMkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat IV/83)

3.1.2 Issue: If a person shifts with his family to a place where

he intends to reside permanently. However, his houseand other properties are still present in his hometownthen both places will be considered as vaan-e alee forthe said person. (lam-geeri, Bahr-e Shariat IV/84)

3.1.3 Issue:The city (place) will not be considered as vaan-ealee where parents of an adult person are residing but itis neither the birthplace nor his wife and children areresiding there.

3.1.4 Issue: Parents city (place) of a married lady remains nolonger vaan-e alee for her if her in-laws city (place) is

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57.5 miles away from her parents city and she residesthere (at in-laws) permanently. If she goes to herparents house with the intention (niyyat) to sojourn

there for less than 15 days then she has to perform qa'rnamz. (Bahr-e Shariat IV/84)

3.1.5 Issue: Once a traveler reaches back to his vaan-e alee,his journey is over, irrespective of his intention (niyyat)regarding sojourn period there. Even though he is goingto sojourn there for a day, he must perform full namz.(Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-e Shariat IV/84)

3.2 Vaan-e iqmat:

Vaan-e iqmat is that place where the traveler hasmade the intention to sojourn for fifteen or more days.

3.2.1 Issue: Suppose a person shifts his (whole familyincluding wife and children) residence from vaan-e aleeto another place (vaan-e iqmat).

From here (vaan-e iqmat) if he travels to somewhereand returns back to vaan-e iqmat with the intentionto journey again within 15 days, then unlike vaan-ealee, he will be considered a traveler and qa'r namzwill be rendered vjib on him.

However, if he returns to vaan-e iqmat with theintention to sojourn there for 15 days or more then hewill be considered a non-traveler and hence he willhave to perform full namz.

(Fatv Raaviyyah-III/669)

Exemplification:

Person NaeemVaan-e alee MumbaiVaan-e iqmat Nagpur

Journey to Delhi

Naeems hometown (vaan-e alee) is Mumbai. Hegets a contractual job in Nagpur city, which is to becompleted within 2 years. In order to supervise andmanage his contractual job, he has to stay at Nagpur and

therefore he shifts his wife and children to Nagpurtemporarily.

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Once Naeem has to collect a payment from abusinessman from Delhi. He goes to Delhi from Nagpurbut due to some unavoidable circumstances thatbusinessman cannot manage to deliver the payment. Hevery humbly apologizes to Naeem with request to comeafter 8 days for the same purpose. Naeem returns toNagpur on his business allies request but with firmintention (niyyat) to return back after 8 days. Now,during 8 days sojourn at Nagpur Naeem will performqa'r namz.

Explanation:

The dictum is that if a person returns from journey tovaan-e alee even with the intention to stay there forless than 15 days, he becomes a non-traveler andperforms full namz. This is not the case with vaan-eiqmat. If a person returns from journey to vaan-eiqmat with the intention to sojourn there for less than15 days, he remains a traveler for these days and willhave to perform qa'r namz.

3.2.2 Issue: One vaan-e iqmat makes another vaan-eiqmat null and void.

Explanation:

Suppose someone sojourns at a place for more thanfifteen days and from there he goes to another placewith the intention to sojourn there for fifteen or moredays. In this given situation the first place remains no

longer vaan-e iqmat irrespective of the distancebetween two places.(Drr-e Mkhtr, Bahr-e Shariat IV/84)

Exemplification:

Person Ysoof Vaan-e alee PorbandarVaan-e iqmat RajkotVaan-e iqmat Gondal

Suppose Ysoof is a resident of Porbandar and goes toRajkot (180 km from Porbandar) with the intention

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(niyyat) to sojourn there for fifteen days (making Rajkotvaan-e iqmat). From there he went to Gondal, a placesituated 40 kilometers from Rajkot, again with the

intention (niyyat) to sojourn there for fifteen days(making it next vaan-e iqmat). Now, as soon as Ysoofreaches Gondal, it becomes vaan-e iqmat for himmaking first vaan-e iqmat (Rajkot) void.

3.2.3 Issue: Vaan-e alee renders vaan-e iqmat null andvoid. (Bahr-e Shariat IV/84)

Explanation:

If someone reaches vaan-e alee from vaan-e iqmat,

then the later remains no longer in the category ofvaan-e iqmat. The phrase clearly indicates that if anindividual returns back to previous vaan-e iqmat withthe intention to sojourn there for less than 15 days inthat case he will remain in the category of traveler andperform qa'r namz.

Exemplification:

Shail Amads vaan-e alee is Mumbai. On January 1,2004 He travels to Ahmedabad with the intention(niyyat) to sojourn there for fifteen days (up to January15, 2004). For Shail Amad, Ahmedabad turns to bevaan-e iqmat and hence he started performing fullnamz at Ahmedabad. After five days sojourn (on

January 6, 2004) he has to go back to Mumbai for oneday for an urgent essential work. Once he leavesAhmedabad it remains no longer vaan-e iqmat. Whenhe returns back to Ahmedabad on January 7, 2004 he has

to perform qa'r namz (as Ahmedabad is no longervaan-e iqmat now) if he intends to return back toMumbai as per previous schedule (i.e. January 16, 2004).However, if he modifies his program and decides tosojourn in Ahmedabad further for fifteen days from hislatest arrival in the city (i.e. January 7, 2004 to January22, 2004) then and only then Ahmedabad will remain inthe category of vaan-e iqmat for him.

Aforementioned example clarifies the concept that

vaan-e alee renders vaan-e iqmat null and void as

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We will discuss various aspects of rules andregulations pertaining to namz performed on theconveyance under following heads:

Land journey Sea journey Air/space journey Issues pertaining to namz on conveyance

4.1 Land journey:

4.1.1 If getting down from the conveyance is feasible then onemust perform namz on the ground.

4.1.2 If getting down from the conveyance is not feasible then

one must perform namz on the non-moving conveyanceand need not be repeated.Getting down from the conveyance may not be possiblein situations like:

Running of time out and means of transportation(bus or train) may depart.

Any other authentic valid reason

Explanation:

Non-moving conveyance meant for land journey (e.g.train or bus) has stable land attachment and further non-moving conveyance works as platform for namz andhence namz is lawful.

4.1.3 Without any excuse (valid authentic reason) namz willbe rendered unlawful if performed in a movingconveyance.

Explanation:

Though moving conveyance is running on the land itselfbut it is not stable and hence in the absence of completestabilization, the condition of istiqrr alal-ar' for thevalidity of namz remains unfulfilled. That is why namzperformed on the moving conveyance is unlawful.

4.1.4 With excuse (due authentic reason, for instance,stipulated time is running out for the namz andconveyance is not going to stop for some time) namz

can be performed on a moving conveyance. However,

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this namz must be repeated on completion of journey orafter getting down from the conveyance.

4.2 Sea journey:

4.2.1 Irrespective of whether conveyance (boat, steamer orship) is moving or anchored performance of namz islawful in deep sea and such namzes need not berepeated.

Explanation:In deep sea it is impossible to get down from theconveyance to perform namz. Interesting point is that if

you come out of the conveyance you will find yourself inwater and performance of namz is not feasible.Anchored conveyance (non-moving) in deep sea will stayin water. Thus conveyance is either moving or anchored,it is in water and land is not available. In this specialcondition the namz performed on the conveyance hasbeen declared lawful and need not be repeated aftergetting down from the conveyance or after completion of

journey.

4.2.2 Once the conveyance (boat or ship) has reached nearseashore and anchored, performance of namz will turnto be unlawful if performed on the conveyance itself. Onehas to get down from the conveyance to perform namzon the ground.

4.2.3 If due to administrative reasons of Custom department,

one is not allowed to get down from the conveyance

even if it is anchored near seashore then one canperform namz on the conveyance but these namzeswill have to be repeated once you are on land.(Concept from: Fatv Raaviyyah III/757)

4.3 Air/space journey:

4.3.1 When plane has landed on the airport namz is lawful ifperformed within the plane as it fulfills the condition of

stable land attachment (istiqrr alal-ar') for the validityof namz.

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4.3.2 When plane is flying in the space namz is still lawful ifperformed in the plane. This is because the condition is

just similar to the conveyance in the deep sea.

4.4 Issues pertaining to namz on conveyance:

4.4.1 Issue: Several nautical miles away from the seashore (indeep sea) performance of namz is lawful in steamer orship irrespective of whether it is moving or anchored.However, if same boat or ship is anchored near seashorethen performance of far, vit'r and snnat-e faj'r namzis unlawful. (Fatv Raaviyyah-II/196)

4.4.2 Issue: Namz can be performed in sitting position inmoving boat or ship if there is feeling of giddiness.(Ghnyah, Bahr-e Shariat III/69)

4.4.3 Issue: It is essential to remain facing qiblah whilstperforming namz on ship. Therefore if ship turns youare supposed to turn in the opposite direction to remainfacing qiblah. When the direction of the conveyance ischanging very fast at that time one should not performnamz. However, if the time is running out then onemust perform namz as stated above. (Ghnyah, Bahr-eShariat III/50)

4.4.4 Issue: Accepting immat is correct (aee) if namz isbeing performed in two boats which are tied with eachother and imm being boarded on one boat and somemqtadee on the other one. It is okay to perform namzwith jamat in this manner. However, if both boats areuntied and separated with each other then accepting

immat is incorrect. (Drr-e Mkhtr, Raddl-Mtr,Bahr-e Shariat III/112)4.4.5 Issue: Namz of that person will be rendered null and

void who performs namz on boat anchored nearseashore with full authorization and feasibility to getdown and approach the dry land. (Drr-e Mkhtr,Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-e Shariat III/112)

4.4.6 Issue: Far, vit'r and snnat-e faj'r namz will be

rendered invalid if performed in moving train. If train is

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not going to stop for sometime and stipulated time forthe namz is running out then namz can be performedin moving train but must be repeated when train stops.

(Fatv Raaviyyah-III/44)4.4.7 Issue: Namz can be performed in sitting position in

conveyance if it is not feasible to perform in standingposition. However, namz must be repeated afterwards.(Fatv Raaviyyah-I/627)

4.4.8 Issue: Performance of namz in the plane is lawful whenit is landed on the airport on the bases of stable landattachment (istiqrr alal-ar').

Performance of namz in the plane is still lawful andcorrect when it is flying in the space alike on theconveyance in the deep sea. This is because for theperformance of namz it is not possible to come out ofthe plane in the space. And further it is impossible toperform namz in the space and that is why performanceof namz within the plane is lawful and correct.(Umdatl Qree Shar'-e aee Bkhree II/375)

4.4.9 Issue: One must get down of the car or bus to performnamz on the ground if he is authorized to stop theconveyance at his will.

If he is not authorized to do so as in the case of statetransport or any other private travel agency bus, then he shouldperform namz after getting down from the bus at the bus stop.

If there is fear of running of time out for aparticular namz, then one should perform namz inthe running bus.

If due to overcrowding performance of namz instanding position is not feasible then one can performnamz in sitting position with rkoo and sajdah.

If due to excessive overcrowding even bodymovement is not possible then one can performnamz in symbolic form.

If one is without ablution (vzoo) then dustadhered on the outer side of the bus body (iron plate)

can be used for tayammm.

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Namz performed in the moving (running) bus must berepeated.

5 Traveler mqtadee behind non-traveler imm:Issue: Traveler mqtadee will perform full four-rakatsnamz behind a non-traveler imm. (Drr-e Mkhtr,Raddl-Mtr, Bahr-e Shariat IV/82)

6 Non-traveler mqtadee behind traveler imm:6.1 Issue: Traveler imm will be sinner if he performs four-

rakats namz without making niyyat to sojourn forfifteen or more days at the place where he is performingnamz and namz of all mqtadee will be rendered nulland void. (Fatv Raaviyyah-III/669)

6.2 Issue: Traveler imm should declare his status of beingtraveler to mqtadee prior to commencement of namz.After concluding his qa'r (two rakats) namz he shouldagain say that he is a traveler and all mqtadee mayaccomplish their remaining namz. This second timedeclaration will facilitate even masbooq in making them

aware about the situation. Secondly, this will fulfill thecondition of iqtid (accepting the leadership) thatmqtadee should have the knowledge of status of immwhether he is traveler or non-traveler. (Drr-e Mkhtr,Bahr-e Shariat IV/82)

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namāz of mo’min chapter 16 namāz of a traveler

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