Name:_____________ Date:_____________Mr. Krebs State Labs Living Environment 8

1. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Caretakers at a zoo are trying to determine which of two male tigers fathered the newest cub.They obtained DNA from the tiger cub, the mother tiger, and the two male tigers. The DNA wasanalyzed. The results of the analysis are shown below.

Which male tiger is the father of the newborn cub? Support your answer.

Male tiger: ________________

2. Base your answer to the following question on the DNA base sequence below and on your knowledge of biology.

AAC–GCC–GTC–CGC–TAGIf a mutation occurs, leaving 12 bases, what is the maximum number of amino acids that could becoded for by this DNA segment?

_______________ amino acids

3. During a laboratory activity, students ran in place for three minutes. Students then complained ofmuscle fatigue in their legs. State one biological reason why the students experienced muscle fatigueafter exercising.

4. The diagram below represents three branching diagrams that show relationships between threedifferent species, X, Y, and Z.

On the line below, write the letter of the diagram that shows that X and Y are more closely related toeach other than to species Z. Explain why that diagram indicates a close relationship.

A) B — D — A — C B) B — D — C — AC) D — A — B — C D) D — C — B — A

5. During the process of chromosome replication, a genetic error occurs. As a result, a sequence of eventsoccurs as described below.

Event A: a protein with a new sequence of amino acids is producedEvent B: a DNA strand with an altered base sequence is formedEvent C: a new inheritable trait is expressed in an organismEvent D: an mRNA strand with a new sequence of bases is synthesized

The usual order in which these events would occur is

6. The chart below shows the molecular comparison between several species.

Identify which species is likely to be more closely related to Botana curus. Support your answer.

7. An experiment is performed to determine the effect of watching basketball games on pulse rates. Tenstudents agreed to wear devices that monitor pulse rates while watching a basketball game betweencompetitive opponents. Their pulse rates were measured every minute for five minutes in the firstquarter of the game. The data collected indicated that pulse rates did not change significantly duringthe monitored period. State one way that this experiment could be improved to obtain a validconclusion.

8. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

During a lab activity, a 14-year-old student took his resting pulse rate. He counted 20 beats in 20seconds. He calculated his pulse rate for a minute and compared the result to the data shown in thetable below.

According to the data table, does the student's pulse rate fall within the normal range? Support youranswer.

9. Identify one waste product that is released during exercise. Explain how this waste product leaves thebody.

Waste product:

10. Identify one adaptation, other than beak size and shape, a finch species might possess and state howthat would aid in its survival.

11. Some roads are salted heavily in winter. Describe one way plants growing near these roads could beharmed by the salt.

12. The table below shows the food sources for two different species of Galapagos finches on an island.

State one reason why these two species probably do not live in the same area of this island.

13. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.The diagram represents a laboratory setup.

A starch solution in a test tube was separated from the water in a beaker by a dialysis membrane.One hour later, it was observed that the liquid had risen in the test tube.

If a starch indicator solution was initially added to the water in the beaker, describe one observationthat would be made after one hour.

14. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

State two reasons why the large ground finch and sharp-billed ground finch could live on the sameisland but not compete for food, even though they both eat mainly plant food.

A) water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide AB) salt had moved into the cells of the leaf on slide AC) water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide BD) salt had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B

15. A and B below represent two different slide preparations of elodea leaves. Elodea is a plant found instreams and ponds in New York State.The water used on slide A contained 1% salt and 99% water.The salt solution used on slide B contained 6% salt and 94% water.Elodea cells normally contain 1% salt.

Five minutes after the slides were prepared, a student using a compound light microscope to observethe cells in leaves A and B would most likely see that

Base your answers to questions 16 through 18 on the information and diagram below and on yourknowledge of biology.

Two species of finches found on a particular Galapagos island eat the seeds of a certain varietyof plant. The relative strength of their beaks is shown in the graph below.

16. If the environment on the island changed and the seeds of more of the plants became harder to crackopen, describe what the graph might look like after many years have passed.

17. Select the point on the graph where beak strength of the two bird species is equal. Support youranswer.

18. One of the finch species has a slightly smaller, weaker beak. Is this species 1 or species 2? Supportyour answer with information from the graph.

19. Base your answer on the information·below and on your knowledge of biology.

A student added glucose indicator to a beaker of an unknown liquid. Starch indicator wasadded to a different beaker containing an equal amount of the same unknown liquid. The color ofthe indicator solutions before they were added to the beakers and the color of the contents of thebeakers after adding the indicator solutions are recorded in the chart below.

State one conclusion the student would make about the unknown liquid based on the results. Supportyour answer with information from the data table.

20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.The diagram represents three sections of a cell membrane showing three different methods involvedin the transport of various molecules across the membrane.

Using information from the diagram, state one reason why the movement of molecules in method C represents active transport.

Answer KeyState Labs

1. – All of the cub's DNA fragments matchfragments found in either the female or male 1.– Half of the cub's DNA fragments matchedDNA fragments from male 1. – The cub's DNAhas two matches with male 1 and only onematch with male 2.

2. 43. — Wastes built up in muscles/muscle cells.

— Not enough oxygen was available to musclecells.— Anaerobic respiration occurred.

4. — C— Diagram C shows species X and Y on thesame branch.— Species X and Y have a more recentancestor.

5. A6. — They have the same amino acid sequence.

— They have more DNA bases in common.7. — The experimental group should have been

larger. — The data should have been collectedfor a longer time period. — A control groupshould have been included in the study. —Data should have been collected during the lastquarter of the game. — Repeat the experiment.

8. No, — because his heart rate is below the rangefor his age group — It falls in the range forpeople older than 14. — His rate of 60 beatsper minute puts him in the adult range.

9. Carbon dioxide:— It diffuses into the blood and is carried tothe lungs, where it is exhaled. — As youexercise, carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs,where it is exhaled. — Carbon dioxide isexhaled.Sweat:— contains salts and other minerals, passes outthrough pores in the skin — evaporates,cooling off the body — leaves as moistureHeat:— It is radiated from the skin.

10. Adaptation: fast flight speed— to escape predatorsAdaptation: camouflage— to hide from predatorsAdaptation: eyesight— to locate foodAdaptation: mating behavior (songs)— to attract mates

11. – Salt could cause water to diffuse out of thecells of the plants. – The solution contains lesswater than was in the leaves, so water coulddiffuse out of the leaves. – Water could leavethe plant. – They would dehydrate.

12. — Trees and cacti do not usually grow in thesame areas. — Their food may only beavailable in certain areas on the island and thefoods are different. — Their foods do not growin the same place since they are different. —There is another resource one of the speciesneeds that is not available where the otherspecies lives.

13. — The starch solution would turn blue-black.— The water in the beaker would beamber-colored. — The liquid in the test tubewould be blue-black. — A color change wouldoccur in the test tube. — There would be acolor change.

14. —They have different beak structures. — Theymight eat different types of plants. — Theymight eat at different times of day or night. —They might live in different areas of the island.

15. C16. — The curve for species 1 may be lower and

shorter. — The curve for species 1 may beeliminated. — Both curves might show anincrease in beak strength. — There would bemore individuals in species 2 than in species 1.— The curve for species 1 would shift to theright.

17. — At point C, the beak strength has the samevalue for both species. — because that is wherethe lines intersect

Answer KeyState Labs

18. — They have the weaker beak because themajority of the population is at the low end ofthe graph. — because it has a weaker beak thanspecies 2, — except where the two linesoverlap, More of species 1 finches are at thelow-strength end of the graph.

19. — The unknown liquid has starch in it, but notglucose. The glucose indicator showed nochange but the starch indicator did. — There isno glucose in the unknown liquid—the glucoseindicator did not change. — There is starch inthe unknown liquid—the indicator turnedblue-black.

20. — C shows the transport of molecules from anarea of low concentration to an area of higherconcentration. — The molecules are movingagainst the concentration gradient.