napoleon bonaparte chapter 4 review. early years born 15 august 1769 into a wealthy family ...
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NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Chapter 4 Review
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EARLY YEARS
Born 15 August 1769 into a wealthy family
Educated in a military school
Rapidly promoted; commander of French army in Italy at 27
yrs.• Promised Italian freedom from Austria• Won battles to drive out Austrians; did NOT do as promised• Funded army with art/jewelry stolen from Italy
Conquered Egypt in 1798 to cut off British trade routes with
India• Successfully conquered Egypt; not successful cutting off Britain
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MAKING FRANCE STRONG
1799 – helped to overthrow the French government (“Directory”)• Liberate other European countries, but own government = corrupt
Ordered reorganization of laws into “Napoleonic Code”• Laws reflect values• Equality, right to hold property, freedom of religion• Women LOST their rights
Infrastructure -> employment, efficient transport of army
Filled museums with (stolen) art
Economy only seemed strong ($ stolen from other countries)• France behind in industrial revolution
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NAPOLEON THE EMPEROR
Became a tyrant, but understood importance of
public perception
Censorship:• Controlled media/law/education system to promote
HIS values
Social values
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NAPOLEON AND EUROPE
1800s, trying to expand empire, waged war with most of Europe
Britain = France’s greatest enemy• Stop trade with Europe -> punishment to ports allowing Brit ships• Britain barred US from trading with French Empire
Military victory = power• “I wanted to rule the world, and in order to do this I needed unlimited
power… I wanted to rule the world – who wouldn’t have in my place? The world begged me to govern it…”
Napoleon’s family become monarchs of surrounding countries• French Revolution reaches Europeans
• Serfdom abolished; no inherited privileges for aristocrats; religious tolerance
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THE RISE OF NATIONALISM
Nationalism – a sense of pride in one’s country• Danger?
Middle Ages – identification with church/social
class
Spain rebels placement of Napoleon’s brother as
King• Guerilla warfare – 5 years – loss of many soldiers
War declared on Russia (they resumed trade with
Britain)• Unsuccessful -> Napoleon’s decline
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ABDICATION AND EXILE
Defeat in Russia damaged French empire
Lost battle of Leipzig• Gave up throne -> exiled to Elba
Louis XVIII comes to power• Wanted to reinstate Divine Right of Kings• Napoleon returns and rebuilds army
The Battle of Waterloo
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QUIZ TOMORROW!
In paragraph form, and with reference to what you
have learned in chapter 4, answer the question
below:• What is Napoleon Bonaparte’s legacy? Was he a
selfish and power hungry dictator, or did he bring positive changes to Europe/the World?