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Narcissistic Personality Disorder301.81 (F60.81)

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and a lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:1. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and

talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).

2. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.

3. Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).

4. Requires excessive admiration.5. Has a sense of entitlement (i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially

favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations).6. Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or

her own ends).7. Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs

of others.8. Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her.9. Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

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Social Learning

Social Learning S O R SvSd (The Model)vThe Observer

vOperant BehaviorvThe Consequence

What type of person servesas a MODEL for a Bully?

What type of person woulda narcissist admire?

“The strongest predictor of bullying was the perception of whether a player’s most influential male in his life

would approve of the behavior.” (Day 2: Article #2)

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A New Model of Self-EsteemEromo & Levy (2017) 5

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The Self

TheOrganism

Incongruence is a basic construct in the theory we have been developing. It refers to a discrepancy between the actual experience of the organism and the self picture of the individual insofar as it represents that experience.

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Rogers, C.R. (1957).The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change

For constructive personality change to occur, it is necessary that these conditions exist and continue over a period of time:

1. Two persons are in psychological contact.

2. The first, whom we shall term the client, is in a state of incongruence, being vulnerable or anxious.

3. The second person, whom we shall term the therapist, is congruent or integrated in the relationship.

4. The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client.

5. The therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the client’s internal frame of reference and endeavors to communicate this experience to the client.

6. The communication to the client of the therapist’s empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard is to a minimal degree achieved.

No other conditions are necessary. If these six conditions exist, and continue over a period of time, this is sufficient. The process of constructive personality change will follow.

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Rogers, C.R. (1957).The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Therapeutic Personality Change

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AIMS Reassurance against Hostility expressed as

POWER HELPLESSNESS DOMINEERING OTHERS

PRESTIGE HUMILIATION HUMILIATING OTHERS

POSSESSION DESTITUTION DEPRIVING OTHERS

"I blamed myself.I was ashamed and confused.I thought I was strong but felt powerless.” Sen. Martha McSally, R-Ariz. (2019)

Embarrassment

Shame

EmbarrassmentACUTE

ShameCHRONIC