nas integrated education 20170406 v7

4/5/2017National Academies Workshop

1

2:00 p.m.-3:00 p.m. Session IV: Perspectives on Integration from Emerging andEstablished Thought Leaders in Innovation

Moderator: Laurie Baefsky (member of the study committee)Executive Director, ArtsEngine and the Alliance for the Arts in Research Universities (a2ru)

Jim Spohrer (IBM Reseasrch – Almaden)Director of Cognitive Open Technologies

Aileen Huang-Saad (University of Michigan)Assistant Professor in Biomedical Engineering and Engineering Education

Ethan Eagle (Wayne State)Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering

Dan Nathan-Roberts (San Jose State University)Assistant Professor in Industrial and Systems Engineering

Jim Spohrer (IBM)

Tempe, AZ, Thursday April 6, 2017http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/nas-integrated-education-20170406-v2

4/5/2017 © IBM Cognitive Open Technologies 2017 2

Integrated Higher Education:Creating a Future-Ready Workforce of

T-shaped Adaptive Innovators

Question 3

• What does this committee need to know about the employers perspective on higher education? What are employers looking for and how can students a.) develop these skills and b.) demonstrate to employers that they have these skills?

4/5/2017© IBM Cognitive Open Technologies 2017

3

• In the age of accelerations, industry prefers T-shaped experienced talent from acquired companies, over hiring I-shaped students

• Employers are looking for talent that has completed projects – what would you do with 100 workers?

• Degrees, courses, and specific skills, matter most in the context of projects with clear empathy and outcomes– Especially important are

projects that used open technologies (OT)

Olin on IBM


4

Next Generation Future-Ready Workforce:T-Shaped Adaptive Innovators

Many disciplinesMany sectors

Many regions/cultures(understanding & communications)

Deep

in o

ne se

ctor

Deep

in o

ne re

gion

/cultu

re

Deep

in o

ne d

isciplin

e


“No one knows everything, but a well-chosen team of T-shapes has empathy to learn anything.”

Mindset of T-Shapes


Grit = Passion + Persistencehttp:/tsummit.org/t

8

Hi-Ed Culture Change: All courses change some every year and include projects.

Faculty, students, and industry professionals as lifelong learners.

• Problem (too static)

– A: Input: Student quality

– B: Process: Faculty motivation

– C: Output: Industry fit

• Solution (change systematically)

– A: -20% eLearning certification

– B. +10% Faculty interest tuning (publications)

– C. +10% On-the-job skills tuning (projects)

Year 1: 20%

Year 2: 20%

Year 3: 20%

Year N: 20%

. . . . . . . .

After a decade the course may look quite differentService systems are learning systems: productivity, quality, etc.

Projects: Include studying relevant startups/innovators, and building networks to them.


9

“The best way to predict the future is to inspire the next generation of students to build a better world”

Digital Natives Transportation Water Manufacturing

Energy Construction ICT Retail

Finance Healthcare Education Government


Open Technologies

Spohrer J, Maglio PP, Bailey J, Gruhl D (2017) Steps toward a science of service systems. Computer. 40(1).

Spohrer J, Bassano C, Piciocchi P, Siddike MA (2017) What Makes a System Smart? Wise? In Advances in The Human Side of Service Engineering 2017 (pp. 23-34). Springer International Publishing.

Service System: Dynamic configuration of people, technology, information, and organizationsconnected internally and externally by value propositions. [socio-economic-technical systems]

Smart Service Systems: People and organizations augmented with digital cognitive systems.

Age of Accelerations

Steps Toward a Next GenerationCognitive Curriculum

• 2016• “How to build a cognitive system for Q&A task.”• 9 months to 40% question answering accuracy• 1-2 years for 90% accuracy, which questions to reject

• 2026• “How to use cognitive assistants to be a better professional X.”• Tools to build a student level Q&A from textbook in 1 week

• 2036• “How to use your cognitive mediator to build a startup.”• Tools to build faculty level Q&A for textbook in one day• Cognitive mediator knows a person better (in some ways)

than they know themselves (identity & responsibility)

• 2046 & 2056• “How to manage your workforce of digital workers.”• 2046: 10 digital workers each; 2056: 100 digital workers each

4/5/2017 12

4/5/2017 13

1955 1975 1995 2015 2035 2055

Can better service help us be wiser?

Cognitive Mediator (by 2035): Tool, Assistant, Collaborator, Coach, MediatorOpen Technologies will enable this and more…

© IBM Cognitive Open Technologies 2017

1972: Jim’s first program Today: Better building blocks

Computing: Then, Now, Projected

4/5/2017 14

2035

2055

4/5/2017

© IBM 2013 IBM University Programs worldwide accelerating regional

development (IBM UPward)15

Question 1

• Do you think that educational experiences that integrate the humanities and arts with science, technology, engineering, math, and/or medicine would better prepare students for the workforce than the traditional liberal arts model of higher education? If so, why? If not, why?


16

• Yes, PB_AC_MT_LSE_OT– PB: Project-based– AC: Authentic challenges/empathy– MT: Multidisciplinary teams– LSE: Like startup experience– OT: Open technologies

• Why?– Age of accelerations– Better building blocks (OT)– Make-a-job, not take-a-job

mindset (grit, growth)

• Requires Hi-Ed culture change– Old: Prepare + launch– New: Projects + lifelong learners

Question 2

• If you were going to design a college curriculum for someone who hoped to become a T-shaped professional, what would that curriculum look like? Which aspect of the curriculum would contribute to the deep part of the “T” and which to the broad parts of the “T”? Would any parts of this curriculum be integrative?


17

• PB_AC_MT_LSE_OT• Deep = major courses• Broad = minors courses• T = integrated education that

demonstrates empathy and outcomes via projects

• Every course– Reflect Hi-Ed culture change– Courses evolve and include a

mini-project with workforce partnerships

– Builds a network for learners– Theme: Rapid rebuilding from

scratch with OT (resource integration pathways)

Engineering Tools to Augment


18

Harris S, Karkauer D (2016) Complexity& Stupidity. A Conversation with David Krakauer. Sam Harris Podcast


19

Liberal Arts: Knowing + Doing

• Deep understanding of history, culture, literature, philosophy, mathematics, physical and sociale sciences, technology, and traditions of interpretation (world views) with the goal of creating independent thinkers capable of critical thinking and lifelong learning

• Knowing: Liberals arts can contribute to the breadth of T-shaped professionals, especially well-informed critical thinking skills who are lifelong learners

• Doing: Projects also contribute to breadth, especially teamwork and project management skills, and the right kind of projects may appeal to future employers


20

Today’s Talk: Integrated Education

• Context• Open Technologies and Age of Accelerations

• Science of Smarter/Wiser Service Systems

• Digital Cognitive Systems: AI vs IA

• Liberal Arts: Knowing + Doing

• Questions and Responses• (1) Integrated Education = ? (PB_AC_MT_LSE_OT)

• (2) T-shapes = ? (Depth and breadth integrated by projects; empathy and outcomes that matter)

• (3) Industry wants = ? (T-shaped lifelong learners;effective resource integrators; adaptive innovators )

4/5/2017 Understanding Cognitive Systems 22

Jim Spohrer(Maine, MIT, Verbex, Yale, Apple, IBM, …)

Digital Cognitive Systems: AI vs IA


AI is Artificial Intelligence, orintelligence in machines (smart machines)

IA is Intelligence Augmentation, orpeople thinking and working together with smart machines.

IA is what IBM calls “Cognitive Computing” andthe smart machines are called “Watson Solutions” or

more generally “Digital Cognitive Systems (Cogs)”

Cognition as a Service (CaaS): AI building blocks for IA solutions


Spohrer JC, Engelbart DC (2004) Converging technologies for enhancing human performance: Science and business perspectives. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.1013(1):50-82.

Roco MC, Bainbridge WS (2002) Converging technologies for improving human performance: Nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science. WTEC.https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/bioecon-%28%23%20023SUPP%29%20NSF-NBIC.pdf

Market for Exoskeletons


25


26


27


28

Engineering Robots We WillLive In and Learn With

• Exoskeletons Clothing

• Driveless Cars

• Furniture, Chairs, Beds

• Robotic Houses

• Healthy Neighborhoods

• Robotic Cities


29

Amigos do Jean Paul Jacobhttps://www.facebook.com/groups/jeanpauljacob/

Some paths to becoming 64x smarter:Improving learning and performance

• 2x from Learning sciences (methods)– Better models of concepts – Better models of learners

• 2x from Learning technology (tools)– Guided learning paths– Elimination of “thrashing”

• 2x from Quantity effect (overlaps)– More you know, faster you go– Advanced organizers

• 2x from Lifelong learning (time)– Longer lives and longer careers– Keeps “learning-mode” activated

• 2x from Early learning (time)– Start earlier: Challenged-based approach– STEM-2D in K-12 (SSME+DAPP Design of Smart Service Systems)

• 2x from Cognitive systems (performance support)– Technology & Infrastructure Interactions– Organizations & Others Interactions


Top 10 Skills


Jobs of the Future


In sum, the top job of the future will be…

• Knowing what to do with 100 people working for you!• What is the most productive purpose to point them towards?

• What goals create the most value for business and society?

• That is the world we are entering with digital cognitive systems (DCS)• No shortage of DCS workers…

• …but what would you do with 100 people/DCS working for you?

• Most people don’t have any idea…• However, great entrepreneurs do have an idea

• Education of the future must teach students to work in teams

• Work on challenges in teams with no solutions

• This will require T-shaped professionals with depth and breadth


Service Science• Service System Entities

– Types: Businesses, Universities, Governments, etc.– Nested & Networked Globally– SD Logic (A2A; Resource Integrators)

• Value Co-Creation Interactions– Types: Value-Proposition & Governance Mech-based– Collaboration & Competition Blended– SD Logic (Operant & Operant Resources)

• Builds On…– Decades of Service Research (Marketing, Operations, etc.)– SSME+D; From I to T to Pi-shapes… and beyond!– T Summit (March 24-25, 2014)

• Measures– Productivity, Quality, Compliance, Sustainable Innovation– Holistic Service Systems

• Quality of Life, Balance Challenge & Routine• Innovativeness, Equity, Sustainability, Resilience

Service Systems Fundamental Abstraction of Service Science:ISSIP portal to Disciplines (23), Professional Associations (39), Journals (20), Conferences (31), Workshops (7)

IBM SSME Centennial Icon of Progress

Discipline Association

Marketing AMA

Operations Research INFORMS

InformationSystems

AIS

Computer Scienceand Engineering

ACM, IEEE

Human Factors AHFE

OperationsManagement

POMS

Systems Science ISSS

Design SDN

Systems Engineering IIE

… …

Serviceology SfS

(SSME+DAPP) ISSIP

Holistic Service Systems (HSS)

4/5/2017



http://www.service-science.info/archives/1056

Nation

State/Province

City/Region

University

College

K-12

Cultural &

Conference

Hotels

Hospital

Medical

Research

Worker(professional)

Family(household)

For-profits:Business Entrepreneurship

Non-profitsSocial Entrepreneurship

U-BEEJob Creator/Sustainer

U-BEEs = University-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

“The future is already here (at universities),it is just not evenlydistributed.”

“The best way topredict the futureis to (inspire the nextgeneration of studentsto) build it better.”

“Multilevel nested, networked holistic service systems (HSS) that provision whole service (WS) tothe people inside them. WS includes flows (transportation, water, food, energy, communications), development (buildings,retail ,finance, health,

education), and governance (city, state, nation). ”

University Four Missions1. Learning2. Discovery3. Engagement4. Integration

Why ISSIP? T-shapes for

Teamwork• Our world is becoming more

interconnected and complex

• Yet most organizations operate is silos

• Most professional organizations do a great job of focusing on one discipline, function, or industry sector

ISSIP is a professional society designed to focus on the interconnected nature of value co-creation for smart service systems (tech, biz, social, etc.)

BREADTH

DE

PT

H

T-Shape professionals can innovate across traditional boundaries

ISSIP Ambassadors

• More than 15 Ambassadors and growing…

• Link ISSIP to other professional associations, research centers, conferences, etc.

• Help ISSIP co-sponsor activities in other conferences

more...http://www.issip.org/learningcenter/valuene

twork/

http://www.issip.org/learningcenter/valuenetwork/

The Well-Read Service Scientist(The top 300 papers – together over 100,000 citations)

• http://service-science.info/archives/2708

Service-Dominant Logic

Prof. Stephen VARGO Prof. Robert LUSCH

Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of marketing, 1-17. (Oct. 2013, ~4500 citations)

Claude Frédéric Bastiat David Ricardo Colin Clark Richard Normann John Riordan

Service ThinkingSaperstein & Hastings: Book, Course, ISSIP Certificate

All value is co-created

Service systems we live and work in

Componentized business architecture

Global-mobile-social scalable platforms

Run-Transform-Innovate

Multi-sided metrics

CVC Group, LLC 42

43

“Order of Magnitude” Observation:Modeling Holistic Service Systems

Level AKA ~No. People ~No. Entities Example

0. Individual Person 1 10,000,000,000 Jim

1. Family Household 10 1,000,000,000 Spohrer’s

2.Neighborhood Street 100 100,000,000 Kensington

3. Community Block 1000 10,000,000 Bird Land

4. Urban-Zone District 10,000 1,000,000 SC Unified

5. Urban-Center City 100,0000 100,000 Santa Clara

6.Metro-Region County 1,000,000 10,000 SC County

7. State Province 10,000,000 1,000 CA

8. Nation Country 100,000,000 100 USA

9. Continent Union 1,000,000,000 10 NAFTA

10. Planet World 10,000,000,000 1 UN

In Summary


“A service scienceperspective considersthe evolving ecology of service system entities, their value co-creation andcapability co-elevationinteractions, and their capabilities, constraints,rights, and responsibilities.”

Cognitive SystemsEntities

Service SystemsEntities With

CognitiveMediators

Add Rights &Responsibilities

But this stuff is still really hard…


4/5/2017

