Elements of ArtElements of Art& Principles of & Principles of

Design Design A slide show for students to use to learn about the A slide show for students to use to learn about the Elements of Art and the Principles of Design Elements of Art and the Principles of Design

LineLine““is a dot that took a walk.”is a dot that took a walk.”

Gesture LinesGesture Lines““quick, almost scribbly quick, almost scribbly line drawing that line drawing that captures action or captures action or movement, sometimes movement, sometimes done in charcoal as a done in charcoal as a preliminary sketch for a preliminary sketch for a painting or more finished painting or more finished drawing.”drawing.”

Draw a gesture drawing Draw a gesture drawing below your definition.below your definition.

Hatching LinesHatching Lines““are a series of parallel are a series of parallel lines varying degrees lines varying degrees apart that can also create apart that can also create value.”value.”

Draw an object with Draw an object with hatching lines below your hatching lines below your definition.definition.

Crosshatching LinesCrosshatching Lines““are sets of hatching are sets of hatching lines that cross each lines that cross each other, and also can create other, and also can create value.”value.”

DDraw an object raw an object using crosshatching linesusing crosshatching lines..

Contour LinesContour Lines““are lines that surround are lines that surround and define the edges of a and define the edges of a subject, giving it shape subject, giving it shape and volume.”and volume.”

Draw an object Draw an object using contour lines using contour lines underneath your underneath your definition.definition.

Blind Contour LinesBlind Contour Lines““is a contour line is a contour line drawing where you drawing where you ONLY look at your ONLY look at your subject, NOT your subject, NOT your paper.”paper.”

Take 5 minutes to Take 5 minutes to draw your hands using draw your hands using blind contour line blind contour line technique underneath technique underneath

your definitionyour definition..

TextureTexture““is how something feels when touched, or how it is how something feels when touched, or how it looks like it would feel if touched.”looks like it would feel if touched.”

Actual TextureActual TextureLobi Jar with Lid 20th century Ceramic The Minneapolis Institute of Arts

“ is the way a surface actually feels when you touch it, such as the roughness of the bark on a tree.”

Glue something from the box underneath your definition for touching.

Simulated TextureSimulated Texture““is how something looks is how something looks like it would feel if like it would feel if touched.touched.””

Draw simulated Draw simulated textures underneath your textures underneath your definitiondefinition..

Juan Sanchez Cotan, Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber, 1600, Oil

Touching a photograph.

ShapeShape““is an enclosed 2-dimensional area is an enclosed 2-dimensional area measured with height and width.measured with height and width. There There are two different types of shapes, are two different types of shapes, geometric and organic.”geometric and organic.”

Composition VIII, 1923

Geometric ShapeGeometric Shape““is a shape with a mathematical design. They tend is a shape with a mathematical design. They tend to be exact and are typically made with straight lines to be exact and are typically made with straight lines (except for circles and ovals).”(except for circles and ovals).”

Draw examples of geometric shapes underneath Draw examples of geometric shapes underneath your definitionyour definition..

Piet Mondrian, (Dutch) 1872-1944, Boogie-Woogie, 1942-43. Oil on canvas, 50 x 50" (127 x 127 cm) . The Museum of Modern Art, New York.

Organic ShapeOrganic Shape““is a shape with natural free flowing characteristics. is a shape with natural free flowing characteristics. They tend to be found in nature.”They tend to be found in nature.”

Draw examples of organic shapes underneath Draw examples of organic shapes underneath your definition.your definition.

Joan Miro (Spanish) 1893-1983, The Policeman, Oil on canvas,1925, 248 x 194.9 cm, The Art Institute Of Chicago

FormForm““is an enclosed 3-dimensional area measured with is an enclosed 3-dimensional area measured with height, width, and volume.height, width, and volume. There are two types of There are two types of form, geometric and organic.”form, geometric and organic.”

Michelangelo Buonoratti (Italian ) 1475-1564, David, 1501-1504, 15 feet, Marble, Galleria dell'Accademia, Italy

Paul Herman, Self Portrait Sierra de Aracena, Sevilla, 1994, Oil on canvas

Geometric FormGeometric Form““is a form with a mathematical design. They tend to be is a form with a mathematical design. They tend to be exact and are typically made with straight lines (except exact and are typically made with straight lines (except for spheres).”for spheres).”

Draw geometric forms underneath your definitionDraw geometric forms underneath your definition..

Organic FormOrganic Form““is a form with natural free flowing characteristics. is a form with natural free flowing characteristics. They tend to be found in nature.”They tend to be found in nature.”

Draw organic forms underneath your definitionDraw organic forms underneath your definition ..

Henry Moore, Locking Piece, 1963-64

Paul Herman, Self Portrait Sierra de Aracena, Sevilla, 1994, Oil on canvas

A tree found in nature

ValueValue““is the lightness and darkness of a color.is the lightness and darkness of a color. It can It can also make a flat, 2-dimensional shape have the also make a flat, 2-dimensional shape have the illusion of a 3-dimensional form.”illusion of a 3-dimensional form.”

Marc Chagall, (Russian),

Value ScalesValue ScalesUse a #2 pencil and a Use a #2 pencil and a colored pencil to draw two colored pencil to draw two 6 section value scales.6 section value scales.

ValueValue

Hatching

CrosshatchingScribbling

Stippling

Blending Hatching

Use a #2 pencil and draw these 6 circles, using different value techniques

ColorColor““Occurs when light in different wavelengths hits our Occurs when light in different wavelengths hits our eyes.”eyes.”

Color Spectrum:Color Spectrum: is a row of colors created when light is a row of colors created when light passes through a prism.passes through a prism.

ColorColorHue:Hue: is the color wheel name of the color such as yellow or is the color wheel name of the color such as yellow or yellow-green.yellow-green.

Tint:Tint: when white is added to a color to make it lighter value. when white is added to a color to make it lighter value.

Shade:Shade: when black is added to a color to make it darker value. when black is added to a color to make it darker value.

Color WheelColor Wheel

Draw the color wheel shown below.Draw the color wheel shown below.

Color WheelColor WheelPrimary ColorsPrimary Colors: Red, Yellow, and Blue: Red, Yellow, and Blue

2 Important Things About the Primary Colors:2 Important Things About the Primary Colors:

No mixture of colors can make the primary colors.No mixture of colors can make the primary colors.

The primary colors can be mixed to make any color on the color The primary colors can be mixed to make any color on the color wheel.wheel.

Color the primary colors onto your color wheel. They are the middle sections. Also color their tints which are the outside sections and their shades which are the inside sections.Label the color with a P next to it. Circle the P.

Color WheelColor Wheel Check that your color wheel matches this one shown below.Check that your color wheel matches this one shown below.

Yellow (P)

Blue (P)Red (P)

Color WheelColor WheelSecondary ColorsSecondary Colors:: Orange, Green, VioletOrange, Green, Violet

Two primary colors mixed together make Two primary colors mixed together make a secondary color.a secondary color.

Color the secondary colors onto your color wheel. They are the middle sections. Also color their tints which are the outside sections and their shades which are the inside sections.Label the color with a S next to it. Circle the S.

Color WheelColor Wheel Check that your color wheel matches this one shown belowCheck that your color wheel matches this one shown below

Yellow (P)

Blue (P)Red (P)

Green

(S)

Violet (S)

Orange (S)

Color WheelColor WheelTertiary ColorsTertiary Colors: Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-: Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-

Violet, Red-Violet, Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange Violet, Red-Violet, Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange Made by mixing a primary color and a secondary color Made by mixing a primary color and a secondary color

Important: Always say the primary color first.Important: Always say the primary color first.

Color the tertiary colors onto your color wheel. They are the middle sections. Also color their tints which are the outside sections and their shades which are the inside sections.Label the color with a T next to it. Circle the T.

Color WheelColor Wheel

Yel

low

-Gre

en

(T)

Yellow (P)

Green

(S)

Blue-Green (T)

Blue (P)Red (P)

Blue-Violet (T)Violet (S)

Red-Violet

(T)

Red-Orange (T)

Orange (S)

Yellow

-Orange

(T)

WA

RM

CO

LO

RS

CO

OL

CO

LO

RS

Color SchemesColor Schemes““Warm Colors: Warm Colors: Yellow-Green, Yellow,Yellow-Green, Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red, Red-VioletYellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red, Red-Violet

These colors pop out at you. They stand out.”These colors pop out at you. They stand out.”

Label the warm colors on your color wheel.Label the warm colors on your color wheel.

Color WheelColor Wheel

Yel

low

-Gre

en

(T)

Yellow (P)

Green

(S)

Blue-Green (T)

Blue (P)Red (P)

Blue-Violet (T)Violet (S)

Red-Violet

(T)

Red-Orange (T)

Orange (S)

Yellow

-Orange

(T)

WA

RM

CO

LO

RS

CO

OL

CO

LO

RS

Color SchemesColor SchemesCool Colors: Cool Colors: Green, Blue-Green, Blue, Green, Blue-Green, Blue,

Blue-Violet, VioletBlue-Violet, Violet

These colors recede into the background.These colors recede into the background.

Label the cool colors on your color wheelLabel the cool colors on your color wheel

Vincent Van Gogh, Vincent Van Gogh, ““Starry Night”Starry Night”, ,

18891889

Color WheelColor Wheel

Yel

low

-Gre

en

(T)

Yellow (P)

Green

(S)

Blue-Green (T)

Blue (P)Red (P)

Blue-Violet (T)Violet (S)

Red-Violet

(T)

Red-Orange (T)

Orange (S)

Yellow

-Orange

(T)

WA

RM

CO

LO

RS

CO

OL

CO

LO

RS

Color SchemesColor Schemes““Monochromatic:Monochromatic: is when only one color and it’s is when only one color and it’s values are used.”values are used.”

Christine Taylor, “Ocean Blue”,2007, Colored Pencil on Vellum Bristol paper

Monochromatic Color SchemeMonochromatic Color Scheme

• Draw a circle with six sections.

•Choose a color, and write it’s name down underneath the circle.

• Color in the six sections using different values of the color.

•NOTE: You are only using one colored pencil.

Blue

Color SchemesColor Schemes““Analogous:Analogous: is 3 to 5 colors lined up in a is 3 to 5 colors lined up in a

row on the color wheel.row on the color wheel.

Analogous Color SchemeAnalogous Color Scheme• Draw a circle with six sections.

•Choose three to five analogous colors, and write their names down underneath the circle.

• Color in the six sections using different values of each of the analogous colors.

Yellow, Yellow-Green, Green, Blue-Green

Color SchemesColor Schemes““Complementary colors:Complementary colors: are two colors directly are two colors directly

across from each other onacross from each other on

the color wheel.the color wheel.

Complementary Color SchemeComplementary Color Scheme

• Draw a circle with six sections.

•Choose two complementary colors, and write their names down underneath the circle.

• Color in the six sections using three different values of each of those complementary colors. Red, Green

SpaceSpace““The distance or area between, around, The distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things.”above, below, or within things.”

Position on Picture Plane (Space)Position on Picture Plane (Space)““The higher up the objects are in a picture plane, The higher up the objects are in a picture plane, the farther away.” they seem to be.the farther away.” they seem to be.

Andrew Wyeth, (American) b. 1917, Christina's World, 1948Tempera, 32 1/4 x 47 3/4 in., The Museum of Modern Art, New York

Draw your own example.

Size (Space)Size (Space)

Abraham Bloemaert Shepherd Boy Pointing at Tobias and the Angel c. 1625-1630 Oil on canvas The Minneapolis Institute of Arts

•Objects get smaller as they move into the background. Draw your own example.

Overlapping (Space)Overlapping (Space)

The Antimenes Painter Black-figured Hydria c. 530 B.C. Slip-glazed earthenware The Minneapolis Institute of Arts

Detail on pot

Draw your own example.

Aerial Perspective (Space)Aerial Perspective (Space)““Images in the background get hazier, cooler, Images in the background get hazier, cooler, lighter, and duller in color.”lighter, and duller in color.”

T. Worthington Whittredge (American), 1820-1910)

Linear Perspective (Space)Linear Perspective (Space)““Linear Perspective is a term used to describe the fact that Linear Perspective is a term used to describe the fact that lines which are parallel in nature seem to converge (come lines which are parallel in nature seem to converge (come together) in the distance. This diagram illustrates 1-point together) in the distance. This diagram illustrates 1-point and 2-point perspective, where lines converge on the and 2-point perspective, where lines converge on the horizon at a vanishing point.”horizon at a vanishing point.”

Camille Pissarro Place du Théâtre Français, Paris: Rain 1898 Oil on canvas The Minneapolis Institute of Arts

Positive & Negative SpacePositive & Negative Space

Draw your own example and label the Draw your own example and label the positive and negative spacespositive and negative spaces..

Positive Space: is the actual image(s) in a composition.Negative Space: The background areas around the image(s).

by Sarah Clare

Positive Space

Negative Space

EmphasisEmphasis““is used to make certain parts of artwork stand out is used to make certain parts of artwork stand out and grab the viewer’s attention. Also known as a and grab the viewer’s attention. Also known as a ‘focal point’.”‘focal point’.”

http://www.bluemoonwebdesign.com/art-lessons-4.asp

Draw your own example.

ContrastContrast““is differences in values, colors, textures, and other is differences in values, colors, textures, and other elements. elements. If there is no contrast in an artwork, it is thought to be If there is no contrast in an artwork, it is thought to be monotonous, uninteresting, and boring.”monotonous, uninteresting, and boring.”

B. J. D. Pilling

•Contrasting values

•Contrasting values and texturesPhilly Hall,“Whangarei Sky Wave”, Painting and Fibre Art

Draw your own example.

MovementMovement““is the suggestion or illusion of motion in a painting, is the suggestion or illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design.sculpture, or design. Your eyes are led around the Your eyes are led around the composition, often to a focal point.”composition, often to a focal point.”

Vincent Van Gogh Starry Night, 1889

http://www.pblunit10.com/mager/Van%20Gogh.htm

Draw your own example.

RhythmRhythm““movementmovement created by the created by the repetitionrepetition of elements in a of elements in a composition.”composition.”

Artist Unknown Photograph of a picket fence

Draw your own example.

PatternPattern““is the is the repetitionrepetition of elements throughout a of elements throughout a composition.”composition.”

Draw your own example.

UnityUnity““is using the elements to create a feeling that is using the elements to create a feeling that everything in the work of art works together and everything in the work of art works together and looks like it fits.”looks like it fits.”

http://www.bluemoonwebdesign.com/art-lessons-9.asp

Draw your own example.

Unity using Space

BalanceBalance““describes how artists create visual weight.”describes how artists create visual weight.”

http://www.artsconnected.org/toolkit/encyc_balancesymmetry.html

Symmetrical BalanceSymmetrical Balance““is when one side is a mirror image of the other.”is when one side is a mirror image of the other.”

Jhon Goes In Center Warrior's Cross 1991 German silver The Minneapolis Institute of Arts

http://www.artsconnected.org/toolkit/encyc_balancesymmetry.html

•Draw your own example.

Asymmetrical BalanceAsymmetrical Balance

James Whistler, American, “Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1: Portrait of the Artist's Mother”, 1871, oil on canvas,

•Draw your own example.

“is when elements are not the same on each side of the axis, but the visual weight is still balanced in the composition”

Radial BalanceRadial Balance is when all the elements radiate out from a central is when all the elements radiate out from a central

point.”point.”

Rose window of the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, Interior view

http://makingamark.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html

•Draw your own example.

ReferencesReferences http://www.conceptart.org/forums/showthread.php?t=62688 http://www.albertc.on.ca/library/courses/art/Elements%20of%20Art%20-%20ALL%20GRADES/elements_of_art-%20line.htm http://wwwisg.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/graphik/pub/files/Schlechtweg_1996_RLD/ http://newberryworkshop.com/Tutorial/egg/egg.html http://www.homeschoolarts.com/pncl-l1-4.htm http://ycdinsiders.digitalchainsaw.com/InsidersArtistLoft/crosshatch.htm http://artlex.com/ http://www.classinfoonline.org/art111/http://www.classinfoonline.org/art111/

art111_drawingTerms.htmlart111_drawingTerms.html http://www.hitrecord.org/forum/viewtopic.php?http://www.hitrecord.org/forum/viewtopic.php?

t=3832&start=15&sid=d83343aa7304b789781876450470t=3832&start=15&sid=d83343aa7304b78978187645047098d698d6

http://blog.miragestudio7.com/2006/04/creating-seamless-http://blog.miragestudio7.com/2006/04/creating-seamless-textures/textures/

http://www.freefoto.com/preview/33-15-15?ffid=33-15-15http://www.freefoto.com/preview/33-15-15?ffid=33-15-15 http://blog.phamansinh.com/category/entertainment/http://blog.phamansinh.com/category/entertainment/ http://www.electricscotland.com/art/rightside2.htmhttp://www.electricscotland.com/art/rightside2.htm

ReferencesReferences http://www.picable.com/Art/Tattoo/Positivenegative-Space-Drawing.496163http://www.picable.com/Art/Tattoo/Positivenegative-Space-Drawing.496163

http://www.hermanstudios.com/blog.htmlhttp://www.hermanstudios.com/blog.html

http://media.photobucket.com/image/drawing%20spheres/sashapetrenko/http://media.photobucket.com/image/drawing%20spheres/sashapetrenko/sphere-reflect-and-specular.jpgsphere-reflect-and-specular.jpg

http://www.homeschoolarts.com/pncl-l1-4.htmhttp://www.homeschoolarts.com/pncl-l1-4.htm

http://www.superstock.co.uk/stock-photos-images/475-1811http://www.superstock.co.uk/stock-photos-images/475-1811

http://fineartamerica.com/featured/ruby-glow-pattern-amy-vangsgard.htmlhttp://fineartamerica.com/featured/ruby-glow-pattern-amy-vangsgard.html

http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MUR/mural-decoration-15.htmlhttp://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MUR/mural-decoration-15.html

Special thanks to Jacqueline Wiggins, a fellow Art teacher

In CCSD, for sharing this with me and other art teachers.