national impact assessment programme (niap) prospects of strategic environmental assessment in...

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Prospects of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Pakistan

Case Study of “Clean Drinking Water for All” Programme

Authors: Dr Aurangzeb Khan, NPD-NIAP/Chief Environment,

Nazia Zakir Ahmed, DPM/SEA Coordinator-NIAP,

Environment Section, Planning Commission Government of Pakistan

IAIA 2011,Puebla, Mexico


Presentation Flow

Introduction CDWA at Glance Implementation Methodology Lessons Learned Can SEA add value Proposed Way Forward

2


Introduction

Area: 796,096 Km2 Population: 174.86 million

(2011) Four provinces Four territories Seven tribal agencies 132 districts > 544 tehsils > 6600 union councils

About 1,500 km

3


Introduction (Cont)C

oast

al P

lain

Kirt

har r

ange

Low

er In

dus

Bas

in

Edge

of S

ulei

man

Ran

ge

Upp

er In

dus

Bas

in

Poth

ohar

Pla

teau

Indu

s G

orge

K2 (Godwin Austin) -8,611 m

1,500 km or 15 degrees

Elev

atio

n (m

eter

s ab

ove

sea

leve

l)

1000

2000

4000

5000

7000

8000

3000

6000

4


Introduction (Cont)Access to Drinking Water

Source: Ministry of Science and Technology Dec, 2005

Clean and Safe Drinking Wa-

ter20%

Hand Pump and Motor Pump55%

River Lake and Canal

6%

Fountain15%

Wells3%

Bottled Water1%

5


Introduction (Cont)

Millennium Development Goal 7:“Ensure Environmental Sustainability” Target 10:“Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water”

In order to achieve MDG Target, Government of Pakistan responded with a project aiming to provide safe drinking water to general masses.

6


Clean Drinking Water for All Programme at Glance

Project Titles: Phase I: Clean Drinking Water Initiative Phase II: Clean Drinking Water for All Programme

Scope: Entire Pakistan

Funded by: Public Sector Development Programmes

Execution: Federal and provincial government through various Ministries

7


Phase I – Salient Features

Phase I:Clean Drinking Water Initiative (July 2004):Total Water Filtration Plants(WFPs) installed = 406

Chlorine-based Filtration = 35 Reverse Osmosis = 56

Duration : 2004-2007(3 years)Scope : One WFP at each Tehsil of PakistanOriginal Cost (2004): Rs 115.2 Million = 121 WFPs1st Revision (2005) : Rs 495.5 Million = 544 WFPs2nd Revision (2009) : Rs 999.59 Million = 406 WFPs

2004: 1 USD = PKR 57, 2005 :1 USD=PKR 59, 2009: 1 USD= PKR 80

Cost and time over run

8


Phase II– Key Facts

Phase-II: Clean Drinking Water for All (CDWA) Project (2006):Total WFPs to be installed = 6626Ultra Filtration = 5686Reverse Osmosis = 940

Duration: 2006-2008 (3 years)Scope: One WFP at each Union Council of Pakistan Original Cost(2006): 7871.74 Million = 6035 WFPsRevised Cost(2007): 15,843 Million = 6626 WFPs 2006 :1 USD=PKR 60, 2007: 1 USD= PKR 60

Cost and Time over run

9


Implementation Methodology

Provincial GovernmentFederal Government

Pre-qualification of Firms; Selection of technology ; Water quality survey of sites; Allocation of funds

- Capital expenditure

- Three years O&M

Selection of sites; Land acquisition; Electricity and water source Handling of Finances Execution and Monitoring

10


Governance Lapse

Phase Planned Installed Operational Non -operational

Phase I 544 406 283 123

Phase II 6626 1144 678 466

Ministry of Environment 2004

Ministry of Industries Production & Special

Initiatives2006

Ministry of Special Initiatives 2008

11

Progress


Lessons Learned

Absence of National Drinking Water Policy Unplanned Expansion of geographical scope

(hilly terrain) No clear concept, feasibility and environmental

assessment study Energy crisis and non availability of electricity

16


Lessons Learned(Cont)

Site and technology selection criteria Top driven approach Lack of institutional capacity Post installation sustainability(O&M/Staff) Divided responsibility & lack of ownership No clear concept of land availability

17


Lesson Learned(Cont)

Political interference/Vested interests Lack of SEA regime Alternatives not considered e.g

improvement of existing schemes vs. CDWA Lack of stakeholder engagement Lack of Environment based evidence to support

implementation.

18


Costly mistakes made!

19


Can SEA add value

With less enforcement EIA system, SEA? Lack of understanding of the SEA as a tool. Absence of coordination mechanism & public

awareness. Non-availability SEA professionals. Non-availability of financial support where

environment is a less priority.

20


Way Forward

Country wide need assessment for SEA; Pilot SEA followed by Legislation for SEA; Effective Adherence of National Drinking Water Policy; Improvement in existing and traditional drinking water

schemes; Capacity Building; Preservation of water reservoirs.

21

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP) 22

national impact assessment programme (niap) prospects of strategic environmental assessment in...

Documents