Nationalism in India and Vietnam: The

Fight Against Colonial Control

7th Grade Geography

SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21st century. a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and Vietnam. b. Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest.

Key Ideas

Nationalism- a belief that people should be loyal to those whom they share a common history, customs, origins, and sometimes language or religion.

Colonialism- a practice of domination, the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people.

Independence- freedom from the control, influence, support, aid, or the like, of others.

Indian Nationalism Grows

Two groups form in India Hindus and Muslims Both hated the British

Learned about nationalism while fighting in the British Army during WWI

When they returned from the war—treated as second-class citizens

Indian Nationalism Grows

Indians applies European views of nationalism and democracy

India Indian National Congress

Muslim League

-Even though Hindus and Muslim were divided, they had the same goal: Independence

Nationalist Activity

India wanted self-government Joined the British army

thought they would gain more rights in governmentBut NO, still treated poorly

Angered Indians acted violently British Governments formed

“Rowlatt Act” : protesters in prison without trial. Educated Indians denied this law, rebelled

Amritsar Massacre Hindus and Muslim

gather in Amritsar angered British British government forbid

public meetings. British commander told

the army to kill them-> 400 died. 1200 wounded

Angered India Loyal Indians

revolutionaries and nationalists

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Gandhi: Leader of Independence movement

Politically acted with his religious ideas

Called Mahatma = “GREAT SOUL”

The Gandhi Rap

Civil Disobedience Stated principle of satyagraha=

“truth-force,” “civil disobedience” Disobeying unfair laws Gandhi required “No Violence” Purpose: weaken British

government and economy Don’t do things that will help

British. Boycott of British cloth

Dropped British cloth sales

Salt March Indians could only buy salt

from British government walked 240 miles to the

seacoast > “Salt March”

Made their own salt Tried to shut down British

salt works, but failed and were attacked by the Police

Gandhi and 60,000 people were arrested

India Self-Rule

Indians gain political power Government of India Act: providing self-

government Helped move closer to full independence

Muslims & Hindus fought for more power

Short Biography of Gandhi

Vietnamese NationalismHistorical Background

In the Early 1900’s the French controlled an area in Southeastern Asia called Indochina

This later came to be called Vietnam French wanted control of the rich agricultural products

and natural resources of this area How do you think the Vietnamese felt?

History of Nationalism Vietnam worked hard to maintain freedom from China. (a very

powerful neighbor) They saw themselves as different from other Southeastern Asian

countries (sense of pride and nationalism!) They also rejected French colonial rule

Ho Chi Minh (Nationalist Leader) He worked for Vietnamese

Independence from the French

He chose the Communist Party as the vehicle to challenge colonialism

Communists were generally critical of colonialism

Ho Chi Minh staged protests with his Communists Party

Vietminh League

Independence was the goal They believed the French would give up

control after WW II (The French did not) They fought the French for nine years People in the countryside sided with Ho Chi

Minh The French gave up control in 1954 after

years of fighting

Ho Chi Minh

Communism-a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society.

U.S did not like a communist leader running a country

U.S. felt communism would spread to other Asian countries (contain)

The U.S. went to war against North Vietnam Nationalism was extremely high

Vietnam Unified

The North and South unified Vietnam became a Communist country

(Republic of Vietnam)