NBA 600: Session 26New Technologies

24 April 2003

Daniel Huttenlocher

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About The Presentations

Each group should have one presenter– Everyone prepared to answer questions– Spend about 8-10 mins presenting (~ 5 slides)– Make sure to set context for your industry and

technology– Send presentation by 2:30 Tues; use my laptop

Each of you will be given one-page sheets to comment on each presentation– Must be handed in to me by next Friday, May 2

• Will count in your class participation grade

– Will help inform my assessments of presenters

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Today’s Class

Some new or emerging technologies– In context of what an IT-savvy manager should

know or know how to learn (last time)

Finish discussion of Web services– Software platforms for delivering them

IT as a service– From ASP’s to outsourcing to “utilities”

Grid computing– Large scale networked resource sharing

Autonomic computing– “Self healing” systems

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Web Services Software

Two application development frameworks make easier to deploy Web services– J2EE from Sun, based on Java

• Also supported by IBM, Oracle and BEA• Proprietary extensions from each vendor

– .net from Microsoft, based on CLR• CLR: common language runtime

Language independent but primarily new language C# and Visual Basic

• Wide adoption in Microsoft developer community

In practice, many are using both

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Recent Study

Gartner survey from September ’02– 44 consulting and systems integration firms– Reported in Information Week, 2/5/03

Top 3 platforms targeting for Web services– 58% .net– 40% IBM WebSphere (J2EE)– 31% Oracle (J2EE)– Sun fourth place

Survey of 140 companies similar results– Smaller companies more likely to use .net– Larger more likely to use J2EE or both

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What’s Meant by Web Services

Most companies still using Web services within the enterprise– Some starting to offer services to outsiders

• Beyond technology leaders like FedEx, Google, Amazon, Ebay

Generally using XML for inter-system communication over HTTP

Usage of SOAP and WSDL still low– In Feb. 2002 was “miniscule”– Currently around 20% report using at least one

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Full Web Services Architecture

IP Network

DiscoveryAgency

ServiceProvider

ServiceRequestor Interaction

(Using SOAP)

Publish(Using WSDL)

Find(Using WSDL)

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Today’s Web Services Architecture

IP Network

ServiceProvider

ServiceRequestor Interaction

(Using XML over HTTP)

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Web Services Stack

How many layers deployed to meet today’s needs versus tomorrow’s

Tool Layer Needed

UDDI Service Discovery

If services to be found dynamically

WSDL Service Description

If services to be found dynamically

SOAP XML-based messaging

If transport to change or services found dyn.

HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.

Transport Always (and XML messages)

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Management Decisions

Vendors and platforms– Unix/Java or Microsoft shop (often both)

• J2EE or .net (or both)

– Currently using• Other trends driving these choices within firm

What are potential customers using and how much influence over their choices– Or compatibility across vendors

How far up the Web services stack– Is minimum for the business purpose– Is desirable for future needs

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IT Products vs. Services

Application software long been offered either for sale or for rent/use– Purchase model vs. application service

provider (ASP) model– Consumer example: buy Turbotax vs. use on

Web• No need to install, or even have own computer

– Corporate examples: HR, payroll, email and other core applications• Again, no installation, maintenance, etc.• Easily quantifiable costs if long term contract

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ASP Model

Has tended to be more successful with smaller businesses– Less ability to have/afford adequate in-house

technical expertise

Has been successful in data delivery– Particularly financial data: Reuters, Bloomberg

Larger firms still prefer purchase/license– Critical systems under own control

• Vs. ASP as well as network to get there– Data privacy/security/integrity issues– Can amortize IT staff over larger base

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Computing as Utility

Being pushed by IBM, HP, and to lesser degree Sun– Companies should not make large capital

investments in IT infrastructure• Computers, networks, operating systems and

“middleware” software• Inefficient use of resources

– Instead view as utility like electricity• Pay for what you use

– IBM: on-demand computing– HP: adaptive infrastructure– Sun: N1, computing to n-th degree

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Utility Computing History

IBM, EDS and others provided “computer service bureaus”– Access to mainframe computing resources

• Pre-internet, mainly over leased-line networks

During dot-com boom many managed hosting services provided Web servers– Still true, but more acting as data center space– Varieties of service levels

• Complete Web server• Data center space and networking• Just data center space

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On-Demand Computing

IBM positioning as a thought leader– Palmisano giving many speeches on the topic

View as tightly coupled with– Commoditization of computing and networking

• Linux on X

– Web services model• General application platforms (WebSphere a

leading one)• Standard interfaces (XML, SOAP, etc.)

– Grid computing• Managing large networks of resources

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IDC Survey

Survey of 34 companies– Reported in CNET News Feb 14, ’03

Found IBM and HP reported top choices for providing utility computing services

19 of 34 wouldn’t want such services offsite or shared with other companies

Almost half interested in “private utility”– In-house use of software and services to more

effectively use computing resources

Seeking a lot– Short contracts with savings of 28% or more

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Utility Computing Concerns

Similar to all support or service outsourcing projects– Financial stability of provider– Safety of data– Accessibility/reliability/service level– Escalating costs

On other hand desperately looking to lower basic IT costs– Networking, storage, computing, operating

systems and infrastructure software– Have been substantial outsourcing deals

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IT Infrastructure Outsourcing

Financial services industry undertaking large outsourcing of basic IT services– JP Morgan Chase 7yr $5B deal with IBM

• IBM absorb 4,000 JPMC employees/contractors• Plan to eliminate half of 16,000 servers globally• Consolidate 37 independent networks into one• Annual cost reductions over contract life

– Deutsche Bank 10yr $2.6B with IBM– B of A 10yr $4.5B with EDS– ABM Amro 5yr $1.3B with EDS– CIBC 7yr $1.5B with HP

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Grid Computing

Term coined in mid ’90’s– For distributed computing infrastructure for

advanced science and engineering

Has come to refer to many things– globus.org grid toolkit used by many research

and academic organizations• Open source (using own globus license)• Also basis of solutions by vendors such as IBM

– Globus defines grid as “coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations”

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Grid Computing Toolkit

Sharing computing and storage resources– Across wide area networks– Large number of machines

• Potentially different hardware/OS

– Machines possibly owned and administered by different organizations• With different goals and policies regarding

priorities of tasks on their machines

Originally targeted at academic and research projects – “supercomputing”– Less attention to security/privacy

• Now focus at IBM and elsewhere

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Autonomic Computing

Computing systems are getting more complex and inter-connected– Maintenance and system administration issues

are reaching a crisis

Idea of autonomic computing is to give systems some degree of “self awareness”– Ability to detect problems– Ability to automatically correct problems

• Notify humans as appropriate

– Currently considerable human monitoring and re-configuration to keep running

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Status of Autonomic Computing

Some large IT systems vendors are moving in this direction– Databases from IBM and Oracle doing more

self-tuning and self-analysis• Traditionally have substantial human oversight

– IBM has broad autonomic computing focus• Working to accelerate both business adoption

and new academic research

Solutions range from technically feasible today to very ambitious proposals– Large scale research projects at several

universities, government funding