new born calf diseases prof dr. hamed attia
TRANSCRIPT
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Prof .Dr Hamed Attia
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Zagazig university
New born calf diseases
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What causes calf pneumonia?
Diseaseed
Calf
2-Infectious
Agentt
3-Bad
Environment
Main Factors causing diseases in calvesMain Factors causing diseases in calves
1- Failure of taking
Colostrum
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Main causes of DiseasesMain causes of Diseases
• 1-Prenatal disease :
• 1) Fetal diseases:
• e.g. prolonged gestation, congenital defects, abortion, fetal deaths with resorption or mummification.
• 2) Parturient diseases:
• diseases associated with dystokia causing cerebral anoxia, injuries of skeleton and soft tissues
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33) Postnatal diseases:) Postnatal diseases:
• (A) Early postnatal diseases:
• within 48 hours e.g. malnutrition due to poor nutrition, hypothermia due to exposure to cold or special disease (Navil ill and Collibacillosis).
• (B) delayed postnatal diseases:
• within 2 -7 days after parturition ,increased susceptibility to infection due to colibacillosis .
• (C) late postnatal disease:
• within 1 - 4 week of life e.g. white muscle disease, enetrotoxemia.
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44) Congenital defects ) Congenital defects
• 1- Period of the ovum:• causes deaths of the ovum and resorption e.g.
vibriosis.
• 2- Period of the embryo :• - Structural abnormality caused by vitamin A
deficiency, toxic agent, infection.
• - Death of the embryo and resorption or abortion (vibriosis).
• 3- Period of the fetus and fetal growth:
• Abortion Brucella abortus, IBR .
• Stillbirth Dystokia, hypoxia.
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(passive immunity)
Protect calves for the
first month after birth.
1-Colostrums' feeding
give
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Good ColostrumGood Colostrum
Thick and creamy
HighHigh in antibodies.
High in High in solids, protein,
fat.
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Good colostrumsGood colostrums
Soon enough :
Within 2 hrs. of birth
Volume enough ( %5-10
Concentration enough :
Select first feeding colostrums
from those cows producing less than
10 kg.
(5-10 %B W)
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Absorption of Antibodies duringAbsorption of Antibodies during
the first the first 24 24 hourshours
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Maximum
serum IgG
(g/L)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Age at first feeding (hours)
Source: Journal of Dairy Science (1979) 62:1766-1773.
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2-Infectious agent
1.Viral infections
2.Bacterial
3.Parasitic
4.Mycplasma infection
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3-Environment Stress
• Weaning, transport,, dehorning.
• Dampness & overcrowding.
• Fatigue due transportation.
• Depletion due nutritional def.
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Protection of calf for
one dayGive you Protection for
one month
Protection of calf for
one month
Protection of calf
for one YearGive you
Important Notes
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Deaths in calves
Up to one Month
75%One M to One Year
25%
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Major Causes of Calf Problems
Diarrhea
42%Pneumo-entritis
25%
Pneumonia
22%
Others
11%
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Main factors Main factors
• Diagnosis
• Drug used
• Dose of the drug
• Duration of treatment
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I-Infectious diarrhea Calf Ages
A-Bacterial Causes:
E. coli <5 da
C. perfringens B, C 5-30 da
Salmonella >15 da
1-Infectious calf diarrhea
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2-Viral Causes:
Rotavirus& Corona Virus 5-15 days
BVD >30 days
3-Protozoal Causes:
Cryptosporidia 5-30 da
Coccidia >15 da
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% of calf Diarrhea
Rota &Corona
Viruses
35%
E.Coli &
Salmonella
35%
Cryptsprodia
20%
Others
10%
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IIII-- Dietetic diarrheaDietetic diarrhea
• (1) Drinking excessive amount of milk at too
long intervals.
• (2) Overeating
• (3) Sudden change from whole milk to milk
replaces.
• (4) Poor quality colostrum.
• (5) Plant or fungal toxins.
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In Calf Scour
Look on the animal
not on the feces
1-
Appetite
2-
Temperature
3-
General condition
•Standing position
•Recumbent
4-
Dehydration
Important Notes
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Metabolic effects of calf scourMetabolic effects of calf scour
Dehydration
Acidosis
Electrolyte imbalance
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Colure of fecesColure of feces
• 1-Profuse liquid diarrhea
• 2-Scant feces with mucus
• 3-Presence of frank blood indicate
hemorrhage of the colon or rectum.
• 4-Dark red blood indicate lesion in small
intestine.
• 5-Balck tarry feces indicate hemorrhage in
abomasum or duodenum.
E Coli
Corona Virus
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.
5- P.M. findings.
EX:
CL.perfringes:
small intestine
dark red
ischaemic necrosis
some parts are gas filled.
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Line of treatment of enteritisLine of treatment of enteritis
1-Anti-acid (systemic).
2-Fluid therapy.
3-Anti-inflammatory
4-Antibiotic
5-Antiparastic drugs
6-Intestinal astringent and coating
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11-- AntiAnti--acid (systemic).acid (systemic).
• R/Na bicarbonate 1.3% 0.5-1 L I/V
according to the degree of acedemia
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22--Fluid TherapyFluid Therapy
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
الربع
األول
الربع
الثاني
الربع
الثالث
الربع
الرابع
شرق
غرب
شمال
A- Standing position
(5%):
• Oral hydration is enough to replace fluid loss
• Ex:
R/ Rehydrane sachet
R/Sacrolyte
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Fluid Therapy for CalvesFluid Therapy for CalvesFluid Therapy for CalvesFluid Therapy for Calves
• objectives:
–correct dehydration
–correct acid/base abnormalities
–correct electrolyte abnormalities
–provide energy
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I /V Fluid therapyI /V Fluid therapy
• 2 Liters Na Bicarbonate 1.3%
• 1 Liter 0.9% Na Cl
• 1 Liter Glucose 5%
• 1 Liter Ringer lacte or acetate
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Rate of administrationRate of administration
• 2 Liter per hour for the first
hours
• 1 liter per hour until
dehydration is corrected
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BB--Sternal recumbancySternal recumbancy
2-Sternal recumbancy
(10%) of body weight:
Body weight = L/24h
10
Clinical signs of diarrhea
Calves are weak ,depressed ,anorexic
Affected animals either recovered or die
After five days.
Sternal recumbancy
Maintaining Dose= 50 Ml /Kg BW
+
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BB--Sternal recumpancySternal recumpancy
Ex: If a 40 Kg calf is 10 %
dehydrated, it will have lost:
40 x0.1= 4 LiterClinical signs of diarrhea
Calves are weak ,depressed ,anorexic
Affected animals either recovered or die
After five days.
Sternal
recumpancy
Maintaining Dose= 50 x 40 = 2 Liter
Total Dose in 24 Hours = 6 Liters
40 Kg BW
+
ساعات 4-6ال تعطى المحالٌل على دفعة واحدة ولكن كل
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C Lateral recumpancy (C Lateral recumpancy (1212%):%):
• Lateral recumbancy +
Hypothermia
• bad prognosis
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Distribution of electrolytesDistribution of electrolytes
K
Cl-
Na+
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Types of fluid therapyTypes of fluid therapy
• 1-Saline (Na Cl 0.9%).
• 2-Ringer solution (Na Cl 0.9% + K Cl ).
• 3-Lactate ringer (Na Cl 0.9% + K Cl + Na
Lactate).
• 4-Isotonic Na bicarbonate (1.5%, 2.5%).
• 5- glucose saline
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33--Non steriodal antiNon steriodal anti--inflammatoryinflammatory
• R/Flunixine meglumine
• Tolfenic acid
• Ketobrofen
• Melgxocam
• Declophenac Na
N B:
Non Steroidal anti-inflammatory should be given after
hydration of the calf
Anti-inflammatory
Strong analgesic
Atipyretic
Anti-endotoxic
Advantages
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Systemic Antibiotic:
Examples:
Folorfenichol
Marbofloxacine
Cephalosporion
4-Broad spectrum antibiotic
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- Oral Antibiotics therapy.Ex:-(Oxytetracycline hcl)-Sulfa & Trimethoprime drugs.
In Dietetic diarrhea
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66--AntiparasiticAntiparasitic agentsagents------
• R/ Ivermectine 1cc /50 Kg. B.w. S/C
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Prescription in dietetic diarrheaPrescription in dietetic diarrhea
• R/Pectin & qualine mixture 40 ml
• R/S Guandine 10 g
• R/Tannic acide 10 g
• R/Cloramphenicol 3 g
• R/Starch 50 g
NB:
In Large animals multiply in 10
+Zanil 100 Ml for paramphistomum
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2- Pneumonia in calves
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Causes of respiratoryCauses of respiratory
diseases in calvesdiseases in calves•Viral
•Bacterial
•Parasitic
•Mycoplasma
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Postmortem findingsPostmortem findings
lung edema .
interstitial pneumonia
Lung fail to collapse
Sub-pleural emphysema
Enlarged Bronchial
and mediastinal L.N .
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IIII--Bacterial DiseasesBacterial Diseases
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Clinical SignsClinical Signs
• 5) By auscultation of the anterior ventral lung
• crackles and wheezes and an increase in bronchial sounds especially on inspiration.
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PmPm
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Treatment
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Hygienic TreatmentHygienic Treatment
• (1) Avoid overcrowding .
• (2) Correct anemia if present.
• (3) Easily digestible and palatable food
• (4) Injection of vitamin C and A to
increase body immunity.
• Glucose and saline therapy.
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Medical TreatmentMedical Treatment
• Broad spectrum antibiotic
• Ant inflammatory (St & Non St)
• Mucolytics & Bronchodilator
• Vitamin A &C
• Antihistaminic
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Antibiotic used in pneumoniaAntibiotic used in pneumonia
1. 1-In less sever cases:
1-Oxytetracycline drugs
2-Enerofloxacine
IN sever cases (Shipping fever):
Marboflxacine
Cephalosporion .
Sulfa &Trimethoprime
Flurphenicol
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Temperature:41.7C
Complete Loss of appetite
Difficult breathing
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By auscultation: Moist Rales
Consilidation in some ares of the lung
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inflammatory-Anti-1
Steroidal Dexamethasone 5mlI/V
+ Non steroidalTreatment:
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dialator:-Bronch-2R/Etaphyline 5ml I/V
R/Nuflour 3ml I/M Second dose after 48 hours
R/Divedriject 5 Ml I/M
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spectrum antibiotic-Broad-3
Multiviamines and minerals-4
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Control and prevention of
diseases of newborn animals
• (1) Removal of the cause of diseases
• Clean environment
• Swabbing of the navel with tincture iodine
• Disinfections of the uterus before conception
is necessary also.
• (2) Removal of the newborn from the
infected environment:
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((33) Increasing the non ) Increasing the non –– specific specific
resistance of the newbornresistance of the newborn
• 1- Ingestion of colostrums from dam is so
important as the only one source of
immunoglobulin to newborn.
• Calf fed about 80 ml / kg body weight of
colostrums at 6 hours of age.
• Special nutritional and housing requirements.
• Isolation of newborn calf in calf – rearing unit
within few days after birth.
• Provision of suitable environment.
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(4) Increasing the specific
resistance of the newborn:
• Vaccination of dam before parturition to
stimulate the production of specific
antibodies which are then transferred to
the newborn via the colostrums.
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Bacterialvaccines
Viralvaccines
2. Covexin* 8& 10
3 Ultrabac® 8
Mixedvaccines
1. PNEUMO 3
2. PNEUMO 4
1. Pneumo - Bac1. Entero – 3
Vaccine
3. Cattle Master4
4. Vira Shield 5
2. Scour Guard 3
3-Rotvec vaccine
E Coli + Rota & Corana Virus
4-Coli immune-oral
5-Nasal Gene
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الطريقة الصحيحة إلرضاع السرسوبالطريقة الصحيحة إلرضاع السرسوب
.استعمال زجاجة الرضاعة المعدة لذلك -1
.إرضاع السرسوب علي يد عامل مدرب علي تلك المهمة -2
تفادي حدوث االلتهاب الرئوي الناتج عن -3
.التجريع
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رضاعة اللبنرضاعة اللبن.ارضاع العجول عن طريق الجردل يسبب مشاكل معوية و تنفسية•
يجب ان تكون الرضاعة عن طريق الزجاجة ذات الحلمة المعدة •
.لذلك
يجب ان ال تكون الحلمات المطاطية مشقوقة و لكن مثقوبة ثقب •
.متوسط الحجم
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تؤدي إليتؤدي إلي التيالتيبعض األخطاء بعض األخطاء
مشاكل مرضيةمشاكل مرضية
قٌادة العجل إلً الجردل و تعلٌمه الرضاعة عن طرٌق اصبع -1
.العامل
.تربٌة العجول الرضٌعة فً جماعات -2
(.Calf-feeder)اإلرضاع عن طرٌق مغذي العجول -3
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اتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامةاتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامة
.األرضية يجب أن تكون نظيفة و جافة*
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اتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامةاتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامة
.تغيير مكان بوكسات العجول يوميا *
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اتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامةاتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامة
غسيل أوعية الرضاعة بالماء الساخن•
.و الصابون بعد كل وجبة
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اتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامةاتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامة
تخزين حلمات الرضاعة في المطهر *
.المناسب
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اتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامةاتخاذ اجراءات النظافة العامة
تخزين الزجاجات و أوعية اللبن في أشعة *
.الشمس المباشرة بعد االستعمال
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