New England

By Danielle Lapointe, Samantha Cohen, Lauren Chorniak, Adam Strachan, and Michelle Briffett

New England

Maine

Vermont

New Hampshire

Massachusetts

Connecticut Rhode Island

Puritan Versus Separatist BeliefsBoth: Anglican Church=

Roman Catholic Church

Puritans: Wanted to reform

Anglican Church

Separatists: Wanted to create a new

church

Dissenters

Dissenter- “One who refuses to accept the doctrines or usages of an established or a national church, especially a Protestant who dissents from the Church of England.”

The Pilgrims

1607 Holland Religious Freedom

Wanted to keep religion, culture, and language

1619 London CompanyVirginia

The Mayflower

September 1620 Virginia

Storm set them off course to Massachusetts

Mayflower Compact

Puritan Massachusetts

Puritan Massachusetts

King Charles 1

Who is he??

In the 27th March 1625 he became king of England as well as Scotland and Ireland.

He was power hungry and always struggled for power with the parliament. Many in England feared that he was trying to get absolute power.

Puritan Massachusetts King Charles 1

King Charles controlled religion and made changes to the church of England. In particular however, he oppressed the Puritans.

Puritan Massachusetts

PuritanPuritan is anyone seeking

purity of religion and doctrine.

Starting in the 16th and 17th century England, these people rejected the reformation of the Chuch of England. If the people could not locate biblical authorization they rejected the teaching thus being called a Puritan.

Puritan MassachusettsPuritan ministers were

deprived of their pulpits. King Charles would not supply them with the needs to support the religion. So the Puritan ministers turned to American to get their equipment.

Pulpits are the small elevated platform that clergies stand on to read the bible.

Puritan Massachusetts

The Puritan ministers were not going to give up. They were determined to get their pulpits. So, a few prominent Puritans bought a trading company. They changed the name of the company from “Dorchester Company” to “Massachusetts Bay Company”.

They then secured a charter directly from the king. They needed to be independent of the King in order to practice their cult. The agreement was signed by 12 members of the church, led by John Winthrop, in 1629 in Cambridge.

A “charter” is a written agreement of rights, an immunity or and exemption.

Puritan MassachusettsAfter signing the Cambridge agreement, they immigrated to New England. This “Massachusetts Bay Company” was the only

Chartered colonization companies not subject to the control of the governors in England.

Puritan Massachusetts

Although this business was set up to trade, it turned almost immediately to religion. This was the beginning of a Christian society that believed was the “lighthouse for all the world”. Puritans from all over sailed to Massachusetts. In 1630, arrived 17 ships with 1000 puritans. Over the next 10 years over 20000 settlers arrived. Towns such as Dorchester, Boston, Roxbury, Watertown and Charlestown were filled with people.

Puritan Massachusetts

JOHN WINTHROP 12th Jan 1587- 26th March 1649

Governor of Massachusetts.

Emphasized the Christian society created in Massachusetts would be a lighthouse for all the world and a beacon of hope.

“we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.”

Puritan Massachusetts

Congregationalists

Congregation: a group of people who adhere to a common faith and regularly attend a church.

The Puritans organized their churches under ministers elected by each congregation created.

The Puritans compared themselves to the Anglican Church, however compared to the Anglican Church, the Puritan ministers had less authority.

Puritan Massachusetts Anglicanism: churches

with historical connection with the church of England.

Unlike the Anglican church, the members of the Puritan church had the final say in the church decision.

The First The First ThanksgivingThanksgiving In 1621 the survivors elected

Bradford as governor After planting crops and receiving

a good harvest in the fall as well as provisions on the ship; Fortune, thanksgiving was inspired

Characterized by the colonies ability to endure and strength of religion thanksgiving continues to prosper

Rhode Island In 1631 Roger Williams arrived in

Massachusetts Bay Colony, where he became pastor of a church in Salem

He challenged ideas about church and state connection, Native land rights, and Puritan leaders roles in land rights

He was banished and in 1936 he started the colony of Rhode IslandRhode Island

The colony (chartered in 1644) welcomed Jews and Christians.

Church and state were separated-this played an important part in the history national politics

Congregationalists: A Protestant denomination that has roots in the Nonconformists of England. The Congregationalists are much like the Methodists in their teachings. They consider the individual congregation the basic unit of their church, and they practice baptism of infants. Most Congregationalists in the United States belong to the United Church of Christ.

Commonwealth: a group of sovereign states and their dependencies associated by their own choice and linked with common objectives and interests: the British Commonwealth.

The Congregationalist is a form of Protestant Christianity which asserts the principle that a local congregation is completely autonomous under God and therefore should not submit to any outside, human authorities such as a regional or national synod of elders. Because Congregationalism occupies a much humbler place in the configuration of Christianity today, it is easy to forget its prominence and significance in Victorian England. Likewise Congregationalism was not as numerically significant in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

From Trading Company to Commonwealth: The shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Charter voted to

move the company from England to Massachusetts. John Winthrop took the charter across the Atlantic into New

England where the shareholders would have more freedom from the control of the king.

Winthrop transformed the Massachusetts Bay Company into a the first commonwealth. At the beginning the few shareholders ran the colony as free men, but soon 100’s of colonists wanted to be called free men in the company.

So rules changed and members from each town elected 2 representatives to the general court (government of the commonwealth)

Flag of the Commonwealth nations

Congregationalists church in Massachusetts built in 1874

The First Year’s Hardships

By spring of 1620 half of the Pilgrims

had died due to starvation The Squanto of the Pawtuxet

people was a native that

taught the Pilgrims about how to

deal with their new land, which

helped the rest survive. William Bradford said the Squanto

“directed them how to set their corn, where to take their fish and how to produce other commodities.”

Squanto

Squanto was a Patuxet Native American

Indian, as well as British slave, He helped the Pilgrims after their

first winter in New England. Squanto helped the Europeans

even though he was kidnapped

and enslaved in Europe.

More Settlers Arrive

More settlers came from England a built smaller villages near Plymouth.

This colony of small villages

never became large and it

was self governed. In 1691 it became a part of the

Massachusetts Bay Colony,

in New England.

New Settlements

Anne Hutchinson challenged Puritan Ministers on their “interpretations” of the bible.

She was ordered to leave the colony and then moved to Rhode Island and began the settlement of Portsmouth.

1637- Reverend John Wheelwright was also ordered to leave Massachusetts for criticizing Puritan ruling. He moved on to settle New Hampshire

Anne Hutchinson July 1591 – August 1643 the unauthorized Puritan minister of a

discussion group and a pioneer settler

in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and

New Netherlands key figure in the study of the development

of religious freedom in England's American

colonies and the history of women in ministry. State of Massachusetts honors her with a State

House monument calling her a "courageous

exponent of civil liberty and religious toleration.”

New Settlements

In 1679 New Hampshire received a charter from King Charles II.

Other pilgrim settlers were pushed into Maine which was North.

Maine was a part of Massachusetts until 1820

Thomas Hooker

Puritan Minister Led people to more freedom and land in 1636 to the valley of the

Connecticut River. By 1639 these valleys joined together and formed a colony and

adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This constitution was the FIRST written constitution ever in

America. Constitution=the system of fundamental principles

according to which a nation, state, corporation, or the like, is governed

Thomas Hooker-Puritan Minister

Who Wants to be a New England Pilgrim?

Two Teams… 10 Questions…

One Winner…

1 000 000

500 000

250 000

100 000

50 000

10 000

1 000

500

100

1

$

The correct answer is…. ABCD

1. A puritan is...a) Someone who only farms on “pure” or good

quality land b) Someone who left England because of the

poor quality of waterc) Someone who seeks purity of religion and

doctrined) A member of a Non-Christian group in the

1600’s

2. King Charles the First was the King of…a) Englandb) Irelandc) Scotlandd) All of the above

3. The Flag of the Commonwealth Nations is…

a)

b)

c)

4. The Congregationalists are a form of…a) Roman Catholic Christianityb) Protestant Christianityc) Greek Orthodox Christianityd) Government

5. In 1621 ______ was elected governor…a) Bradfordb) Washingtonc) Abraham d) Rhode

6.This holiday originated in New England…a) Summer Vacationb) American Thanksgivingc) Victoria Dayd) Halloween

7. The Pilgrims immigrated to this country before New England…a) Irelandb) Scotlandc) Denmarkd) Holland

8. The following state is NOT in modern day New England…a) New Jerseyb) Vermontc) Connecticutd) Maine9. Maine was apart of Massachusetts until…

a) 1621b) 1820c) 1720d) 1721

The Squanto is…a) An Aboriginal Spirit/ Godb) A Patuxet Native Americanc) A man they found fishing for squidd) The first Metis child