New FrontiersCutting-edge Science in Wales

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Sêr Cymru

A scientific traditionWales, celebrated as a land of poets and singers, has a similarly proud tradition of achievement in science and technology. The theory of natural selection, the early development of crystallography, the discovery of free radicals and meson decay, the invention of the microphone, the fuel cell and the teleprinter, and more recently, ground-breaking research into embryonic stem cells, are all part of our scientific tradition.

The Welsh Government is investing £50m in Sêr Cymru (Stars Wales) - a new scheme to attract leading scientific talent to Wales.[ ]

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Today, Welsh universities are part of a world-leading UK science base, which is second only to the US in its share of global citations, the generally accepted measure of international research excellence. Wales has particular strengths in plant and animal science, engineering, computer science, life sciences and social sciences.

In an international study, Thomson Reuters ranked Wales among the world’s top 20 countries in terms of citations per paper, and one of the world’s top ten countries for research into psychiatry and psychology. An analysis of Elsevier’s Scopus database over the past decade shows that the number of articles authored by Wales-based researchers has grown at a rate outpacing the UK and world averages.

Wales can boast excellent research facilities and equipment, much of which is amongst the best of its kind anywhere in the world:

• High Performance Computing (HPC) Wales - Fujitsu’s largest European supercomputing project - gives researchers at Welsh universities access to 190 teraflops of reliable and secure processing power.

• The National Plant Phenomics Centre at Aberystwyth University features one of the world’s most sophisticated new research greenhouses, a facility unique in the UK.

• The School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University has a modern, purpose-built research vessel (the RV Prince Madog) with wet and dry laboratory space, enabling marine scientists to study the biology, chemistry, geology and physics of the sea.

• The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC) provides advanced brain scanning technologies, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and fMRI), electro- and magneto-encephalography (EEG and MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

• Swansea University has established Europe’s first Centre for Nanohealth, focused on the diagnosis of disease and medical intervention at a molecular scale. The centre features state-of-the-art nano equipment, a clinical research unit and business incubation space.

Global excellence

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…Welsh universities are part of a world-leading UK science base, which is second only to the US in its share of global citations.[ ]

Global excellence

Cardiff University - Main Building (Image courtesy of Cardiff University)

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Wales’ universities welcome talent from around the world: 17 per cent of academic staff and 20 per cent of student enrolments come from outside the UK. Staff and students from overseas receive a warm reception, and 88 per cent of international alumni said that they would encourage their compatriots to study in Wales.

What did you most enjoy about your time in Wales?

“My favourite things … were the people, the variety of activities and opportunities outdoors and the wonderful natural scenery”

Yaser M Khalifa, Egypt

“The quality of the research, the depth of resources available for teaching and research and the heated lively debates of contemporary issues”

Joshua Philip Nicol, Sierra Leone

“Great melting pot with different people from different backgrounds”

David Powell, USA

The Welsh are proud of their heritage and bilingual culture - the Welsh language is one of Europe’s oldest living languages - but modern Wales is a multicultural society, open to the world. From enduring cross-border ties within Britain and Ireland, through historic links with the Americas and the Commonwealth, to more recent connections with other parts of Europe, Japan, Africa and China, Wales has extensive cultural and commercial relationships around the world.

With a mild maritime climate, attractive coastlines and landscapes, and compact, friendly cities, Wales offers an enviable - but affordable - quality of life. Living costs are amongst the lowest in the UK, education is free for 5-16 year-olds, and the National Health Service (NHS) provides a full range of healthcare services to all residents. To find out more about living in Wales, visit www.wales.com

Wales offers an enviable - but affordable - quality of life.[ ]

Open to the world(Image courtesy of Swansea University)

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Professor Ernest Choy, Cardiff University (Image courtesy of Cardiff University)

Did you know that …

Wales has over 750 miles (1,200 km) of coastline and is the first country in the world to open a public pathway around its entire coast.

Forty-three Welsh beaches have been awarded the prestigious International Blue Flag, meaning they meet the highest standards of water quality and safety.

The Gower Peninsula near Swansea was Britain’s first designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Twenty per cent of Wales’ land area is covered by its three National Parks - Snowdonia, the Pembrokeshire Coast

and Brecon Beacons - which attract nature-lovers, walkers, climbers and mountain bikers from all over the world.

The National Museum & Galleries of Wales claim the finest collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings outside France.

There are 641 historic castles in Wales - more per square kilometre than any other European country.

The National Eisteddfod, an annual celebration of Welsh culture, is Wales’ premier artistic event and one of Europe’s largest competitive cultural festivals. The Eisteddfod features a science and technology pavilion, recognising their role in contemporary Welsh life.

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Research communityWales has eleven higher education (HE) institutions, but 95 per cent of research takes place in the five universities of the St. David’s Day Group - Aberystwyth, Bangor, Cardiff, Glamorgan and Swansea - which have a combined annual turnover of around £1 billion and account for more than two thirds of all students in Wales.

Four of the five members of the St. David’s Day Group are traditional research universities founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (they are described in detail later in this brochure). Glamorgan gained university status in 1992, although it has a long heritage as an institution originally created by and for industry, providing employment-focused learning. The Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC) is Glamorgan’s main scientific focus: SERC has a multi-disciplinary team investigating low carbon energy solutions including renewable hydrogen production, storage, and fuel cells.

Beyond the St. David’s Day Group, there are six HE institutions focused mainly on teaching and applied research:

• Cardiff Metropolitan University;

• Glyndwr University;

• Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama;

• Swansea Metropolitan University;

• University of Wales, Newport; and

• University of Wales Trinity St. David.

These institutions have a broad range of expertise including archaeology, coastal management, health science and product design, and their research generally centres on creating and applying knowledge for the direct benefit of business and the community. For example, Glyndwr University in north-east Wales has established a niche in high-precision optics and opto-electronic technologies; the university is developing prototype mirror segments for the world’s largest optical telescope, the European Extremely Large Telescope, which will be sited in Chile.

…Glyndwŵr University is developing prototype segments for the world’s largest optical telescope.[ ]

(Image courtesy of Cardiff University)

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Research community

Dr Paola Borri, Cardiff University (Image courtesy of Cardiff University)

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environmental change, animal and microbial sciences. Much of IBERS’ work has a powerful social and economic impact, recognised by its success in winning the first ever Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) ‘Excellence with Impact’ award in 2011.

IBERS hosts the new National Plant Phenomics Centre, where computer-controlled cameras, infra-red and laser imaging facilities enable the growth of individual plants to be studied in a way that has never before been possible. The centre’s technology helps researchers to speed up the process of identifying beneficial plant genes, leading ultimately to the development of new varieties that can withstand climate change and meet the global challenge of food security.

Breeding better varieties of grasses, clovers and cereals has long been one of IBERS’ strengths, and many of its products are international market leaders. Researchers at the institute are currently developing healthy new varieties of oats, featuring increased levels of beta glucan - molecules that can trap cholesterol and stop it entering the bloodstream - helping to reduce consumers’ risk of heart disease and offering farmers new commercial opportunities.

Aberystwyth, once a Victorian seaside holiday resort, is the unofficial capital of mid Wales and home to the National Library of Wales. The university’s campus - the “college by the sea” - enjoys picturesque views over the town and Cardigan Bay. Aberystwyth University founded the world’s first department of international politics in 1919, and today it is also at the forefront of the biological and environmental sciences and a number of fields of computing. Cutting-edge research at the university includes:

• a study of the Antarctic ice sheet’s response to climate change;

• the development and application of new methods for geological dating using luminescence; and

• the discovery of new therapeutic targets for the parasitic disease Schistosomiasis, a major health threat in tropical regions.

Aberystwyth’s Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) is the UK’s largest department in land-based sciences, and the results of the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise placed it among the top seven UK research departments in its field. The institute’s studies span plant breeding and genetics,

AberystwythInstitute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University

The National Plant Phenomics Centre at IBERS

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The institute is also a partner in several bio-energy research projects. Domestic biomass, sustainably grown, could contribute to reducing carbon emissions and meet up to 10 per cent of the UK’s energy needs by 2050. Researchers at Aberystwyth are studying how the environmental impact

of bio-energy crops can be minimised, and looking beyond terrestrial plants at the viability of using kelp as a bio-fuel. Marine ecosystems are an untapped resource, and seaweed is capable of producing more biomass per square metre than fast-growing terrestrial plants such as sugar cane.

Case study

Professor Karl Hoffmann leads the Animal and Microbial Sciences Research Theme in Aberystwyth and is a leading figure in parasitology. A native of Pittsburgh, USA, educated at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and the National Institutes of Health (the US medical research agency) in Washington D.C., Prof. Hoffmann came to Aberystwyth from Cambridge University in 2007. His main research interests are helminths (parasitic worms), host-parasite interactions, anti-parasitic drug discovery and vaccine development. Prof. Hoffmann’s most important work to date has been the discovery of a functional role for DNA methylation in helminth development that could lead to novel strategies for disease control across several worm species. Prof Hoffmann currently edits Parasitology International and has a number of patents related to new screening methods for anthelmintics - drugs that expel parasitic worms from the body.

New technologies for analysing DNA at Aberystwyth

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Case study

Professor Qiang Shen leads Aberystwyth’s Department of Computer Science and is one of the world’s foremost researchers into computational intelligence. Born in Fujian, China and educated at the National University of Defence Technology in Changsha and Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Prof. Shen’s main research interests include fuzzy and qualitative modelling, reasoning under uncertainty, pattern recognition, data mining, and the real-world applications of these techniques in areas such as crime detection, marketing and medical diagnosis. One of the most highly-cited authors in his field, Prof. Shen has won numerous honours for his research, including a Tan Chin Tuan fellowship in Singapore and an Outstanding Paper Award from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). A fellow of the British Computer Society and the Learned Society of Wales, Prof. Shen was nominated to carry the Olympic torch in the relay for the London 2012 games in memory of Alan Turing, the father of computer science and artificial intelligence.

…Aberystwyth’s Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) is the UK’s largest department in land-based sciences.[ ]

Dr. Matt Hegarty of IBERS using an Illumina DNA sequencing platform

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Psychologists at Bangor started the innovative ‘Food Dudes’ programme, an initiative that draws on the insights of contemporary research, using a range of media and rewards to improve children’s consumption of fruit and vegetables. Food Dudes has won awards from the World Health Organisation, the UK Government’s Chief Medical Officer and the Society for the Advancement of Behavioural Analysis, and has generated its own spin-out company enjoying success in primary schools across the UK, Europe and the USA.

Bangor’s Wolfson Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience houses a high-precision 3 Tesla MRI system for imaging brain function. Bangor University was the first in the world to study the timing of chemical changes in the brain related to its function by combining electroencephalography (EEG) and mass resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Bangor boasts an extremely successful School of Electronic Engineering, placed joint second in the UK in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise. The school’s research focuses on organic electronics and optoelectronic devices and systems. Bangor has conducted world-first technology demonstrations in optical communications, and won a Royal Society

Bangor University plays an important role in the life and identity of its historic host city. Located on the Menai Strait separating the island of Anglesey from the Welsh mainland, at the gateway to the spectacular Snowdonia National Park, Bangor enjoys impressive scenery with convenient road and rail access to north-west England and (via ferry) to Ireland.

The city hosts the Natural Environment Research Council’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), a public sector research institute that shares a purpose-built new facility - Environment Centre Wales - with the university’s College of Natural Sciences. They are collaborating closely on a range of multi-million pound research projects.

Bangor’s School of Psychology, the third largest in the UK, was recognised as one of the country’s premier psychology departments in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise. The school’s success is driven by its partnerships with the NHS and industry: Bangor’s research into dementia care is helping to shape health policy and practice in Wales, including the design of care facilities and the use of therapeutic interventions such as reminiscence, life story work and cognitive stimulation.

BangorBangor’s ocean-going marine research vessel, the RV Prince Madog

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Brian Mercer Feasibility Award for a project to demonstrate advanced, low-cost optical modems supporting data speeds far beyond the transmission performance achieved by existing techniques.

Visualisation and medical graphics is a major focus of computer science research at Bangor. Recent projects have included a photorealistic virtual model of living brain tissue and the use of state-of-the-art pattern recognition methods in the

Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University

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analysis and classification of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Bangor’s team has also worked on augmented reality and haptics

technologies for medical applications, enabling healthcare professionals to ‘touch’ virtual objects in training simulations.

…Bangor’s School of Electronic Engineering has conducted world-first technology demonstrations in optical communications.[ ]

Main Arts Building, Bangor University (Image courtesy of Bangor University)

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Case study

Professor K. Alan Shore is the director of the Photonics Academy of Wales @ Bangor and a former head of the university’s School of Electronic Engineering. An Oxford graduate, Prof. Shore obtained his PhD at Cardiff and developed a research career focused on the properties and applications of semiconductor optoelectronic devices. He pioneered the use of optical chaos generated in semiconductor lasers, which has applications in private communications and random number generation, with his research group conducting landmark experiments in the field. Prof. Shore’s work has been undertaken internationally: he has held visiting positions at universities and industrial research laboratories in Australia, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain and the United States. He is a former chair of the Quantum Electronics Commission of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and the Institute of Physics in Wales. Prof. Shore co-founded the annual conference on Semiconductor and Integrated Optoelectronics (SIOE) and he is a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales and the Optical Society of America.

Case study

Professor Davey Jones holds the Chair in Soil and Environmental Science at Bangor University. Educated at Aberdeen, Oxford and Cornell, he has advised government on both waste and climate change policies. A major focus of Prof. Jones’ research is on understanding below-ground processes, especially nutrients and human pathogen behaviour in soil-plant-microbial systems. His team’s work in the Arctic and Antarctic, in partnership with the British Antarctic Survey, discovered that some plants can use their roots to efficiently access nitrogen available in organic matter in soil, giving them an advantage over microbes and mosses with which they compete in the brief polar summer. Prof. Jones’ finding that some plants can use nitrogen in a form not previously recognised has significant implications for the sustainable management of natural and agricultural ecosystems, and could eventually help farmers to use fertilisers more efficiently.

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Cardiff University is located in and around the Portland stone buildings, parks and tree-lined avenues of Cardiff’s historic civic centre. As the capital of Wales, Cardiff is home to many national institutions including the National Museum of Wales, the Millennium Stadium and the Wales Millennium Centre, a major arts venue housing (among others) the BBC National Orchestra of Wales. Cardiff has one of Britain’s largest new shopping centres and a recent survey placed the city among the top ten retail destinations in the UK.

The university is a member of the Russell Group of leading UK research universities and has a wide range of strengths including biological sciences, city and regional planning, civil engineering, computer science, neuroscience and psychology. Cardiff has 11 Fellows of the Royal Society and two Nobel laureates. The university’s chancellor, Prof. Sir Martin Evans, was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Medicine for “a series of ground-breaking discoveries concerning embryonic stem cells and DNA recombination in mammals”; Prof. Robert Huber was awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for “the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre”.

Medical research at Cardiff ranges from cancer to stem cells and wound healing. Cardiff academics have been responsible for many scientific milestones including:

• the discovery of the first genetic link to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD);

• the discovery of bacteria resistant to antibiotics in New Delhi drinking water;

• genetically-engineered T-cells able to identify and destroy HIV, even when the virus mutates; and

• the introduction of sentinel node biopsy to the UK, a means of identifying the first lymph node that tumour cells drain into, part of a worldwide change in surgical practice.

Cardiff’s Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics is a centre of excellence which seeks to understand the major underlying causes of mental illness. Spanning the life course from childhood to old age, the centre is looking for solutions to mental illness in all its guises including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and ADHD, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

CardiffCardiff University undergraduates (Image courtesy of Cardiff University)

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Sustainability is a major theme at the university. The new Sustainable Places Research Institute brings together experts from a range of disciplines to study how cities and regions can adopt more sustainable spatial strategies. The institute has mapped nitrate concentrations in

British rivers, developed Geographic Information System (GIS) models of urban networks, energy use and carbon emissions, and worked with a municipal authority in China to help booming Shenzhen develop into an ‘eco-city’.

Dr. Alexander Leemans, Cardiff University (Image courtesy of Cardiff University)

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The School of Engineering, one of the foremost in the UK, is home to the Gas Turbine Research Centre (GTRC). One of the few of its kind in the world, the centre uses its two combustion rigs to investigate how the environmental impact of propulsion systems can be reduced. GTRC works with partners across the globe; recent projects have included: a programme in association

with QinetiQ to test alternative liquid and gaseous fuels produced from biomass and waste gases; the development of new gas turbines for low carbon power generation systems, including high-hydrogen content fuels and carbon-capture; new protocols for measuring nano-particulate pollutants from aircraft engines; and explosion research to create new international safety standards.

Prof. Andy Sewell, Cardiff University (Image courtesy of Cardiff University)

…Cardiff’s medical researchers have achieved scientific milestones including the creation of genetically-engineered T-cells able to identify and destroy HIV.[ ]

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Case study

Professor Ole Petersen leads Cardiff University’s School of Biosciences and is one of the most distinguished figures in international biomedical research. A graduate of the University of Copenhagen, Prof. Petersen’s initial research focused on ion transport mechanisms in salivary glands, but his laboratory now works on the mechanisms by which alcohol and bile acids cause acute pancreatitis. This condition can become chronic, increasing the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. In 2011, Prof. Petersen’s team discovered a protein that provides protection against the effects of alcohol on the pancreas, which could lead to new treatments to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. Ole Petersen was recently elected Member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and has just been awarded the American Physiological Society’s Horace Davenport Distinguished Lectureship.

Case study

Professor Julie Williams is head of the neurodegeneration section in the MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics at Cardiff and Deputy Dean of Research at the School of Medicine. A global leader in research into Alzheimer’s disease, Prof. Williams was born in Merthyr Tydfil and educated at the former University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology. Her most important work to date has been the discovery of genes associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s, which was highlighted by Time magazine as one of the world’s top 10 medical breakthroughs of 2009. Prof. Williams is the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Alzheimer’s Research UK charity and has recently been honoured with a CBE for services to Alzheimer’s disease research. She has also worked on the molecular genetics of developmental dyslexia (DD); her detection of a susceptibility gene for DD was one of Science journal’s major discoveries of 2005.

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to create innovation in healthcare. The centre’s work has brought the university’s engineers and life scientists together with industrial partners to develop a new range of medical biosensors based on the latest printing technologies. Living antibodies placed into a suitable ink, then printed onto a compatible material, could form the basis of low-cost, easy-to-use handheld scanners. These scanners could replace the expensive assays routinely employed to diagnose a wide range of health conditions, which need to be analysed in laboratories by highly-skilled technicians.

The College of Engineering is also working at the interface with life sciences in its project to develop a prototype small-scale respiratory aid, replacing the ‘artificial lungs’ that support immobile patients in high-dependency hospital wards. The prototype will be capable of regulating blood oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal, in response to patients’ different metabolic requirements, enabling them to enjoy a better quality of life. This research builds on extensive collaboration between the university, business, the local Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board and the Welsh Government.

The university leads the Sustainable Product Engineering Centre for Innovative Functional Industrial Coatings (SPECIFIC),

Set in parkland overlooking the five-mile sweep of Swansea Bay, Swansea University is conveniently sited for both the city centre and the beaches of the scenic Gower peninsula. Wales’ second city is the regional centre for south west Wales with a wide range of shops, sports facilities, the National Waterfront Museum and Glynn Vivian Art Gallery. The university has a reputation for excellence in engineering (it has one of the leading departments in the UK), life sciences and nanoscience, and is implementing ambitious plans for a new science and innovation campus.

Swansea is a founding sponsor of the Bloodhound supersonic car project, which aims to set a new land-speed record of 1,000mph - breaking the record by the largest ever margin. Bloodhound is the brainchild of current land-speed record holders Sir Richard Noble and Wing Commander Andy Green, who hope it will develop new technologies and inspire a new generation of British engineers. The car’s ground-breaking design draws heavily on Swansea’s expertise in computational fluid dynamics, the use of computing power to model complex aerodynamic flows.

Swansea’s Centre for Nanohealth, the first of its kind in Europe, is a unique interdisciplinary research centre based on the application of nanotechnology

SwanseaHaemair Ltd, Swansea University

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Swansea University

…Swansea’s Centre for Nanohealth, the first of its kind in Europe, is a unique interdisciplinary research centre based on the application of nanotechnology in healthcare.[ ]

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a government-backed Innovation and Knowledge Centre, in partnership with Tata Steel. The shared vision behind SPECIFIC is to develop functional coated steel and glass products for roofs

and walls that will generate, store and release renewable energy - transforming buildings into power stations and delivering significant environmental and economic benefits.

Case study

Professor David Roger Jones Owen completed his PhD at Northwestern University in Illinois, returning to Swansea where he has contributed prominently to fundamental material science and its application to structures and mechanical components. Over the last two decades, Prof. Owen’s work has focused on particulate modelling and the simulation of multi-fracturing phenomena; his research has contributed to explosive simulations, solving problems in deep mining and high-velocity impacts. Prof. Owen is the editor of the International Journal for Engineering Computations and has received numerous awards from engineering societies across the world. Elected Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1996 and Fellow of the Royal Society in 2009, in 2011 Prof. Owen became a foreign associate of the US National Academy of Engineering and foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Case study

Professor Michael Charlton is Head of the School of Physical Sciences at Swansea University. Educated at University College London, he has spent most of his career in experimental physics and currently leads a team from Swansea working on the collaborative ALPHA (Anti-hydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus) project at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, in Geneva. Prof. Charlton’s group reached a significant scientific landmark by successfully trapping and holding atoms of anti-matter for the longest time so far - using new techniques to cool and slow down anti-particles, gently mix them to produce anti-hydrogen atoms, and trap some for long enough to be studied. His team’s work will help address one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics - why almost everything in the known universe consists of matter, rather than anti-matter - and may pave the way for exciting future technologies that could harness anti-matter. Beyond his research at CERN, Prof. Charlton chaired the 2001 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Forward Look into Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, is on the editorial board of the Journal of Physics B and is a committee member of the Institute of Physics Division for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics.

Sêr Cymru

With its natural beauty, its heritage and its compact, friendly cities, Wales offers an excellent quality of life. Welsh universities produce high-quality research, often at the very cutting edge of global science. If you are excited by what you have read, you may be interested in new opportunities to work here. The Welsh Government is investing £50m to attract leading scientific talent to Wales, for prestigious positions as research chairs and directors of new national research networks, through a new programme called Sêr Cymru (Stars Wales). We are seeking exceptional people with a track record of success in the ‘Grand Challenges’ of:

Find out more• life sciences and health;

• low carbon, energy and environment; and

• advanced engineering and materials.

These are areas where Wales already has superb facilities and strong academic teams; where there are opportunities to push back the frontiers of knowledge and to commercialise the results of research. We need highly-skilled people to help us realise this potential.

For further information visit www.wales.gov.uk/sercymru

Bloodhound supersonic car (Imaging by Curventa)

A research student at the College of Medicine, Swansea University

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