Research Design

RESEARCH DESIGN

What is research design ?Why we need research design ?Why it is important ?How it is helpful ?

Research Design in lemon language

A detailed outline of how an investigation will take place.

How data is to be collected Different problems, different

solutions What, how instrument will be used

and the intended means for analysing data collected.

Helpful Provides answer to question such as,

What, Where, When, How much, are they related to research problem.

A framework or blueprint for conducting the projects.

Guide the investigation.

Definition

According SUCHMAN“Research Design is not a highly

specific plan to be followed without deviation, but rather series of guidepost to keep one headed in one direction.”

Classification of Research Design

Commonly Known as

Exploratory Research is familiar known as “Qualitative Research Approach”,

While Conclusive is known as “Quantitative Research”.

Exploratory Research Design Provides insight into the general

nature of a problem. Exploratory research design is mainly

aimed to explore or to gain a new or deeper understanding about particular problem.

In exploratory researchers usually use more flexible and using unstructured questions in the measurement tools.

When should we use exploratory research?

Screening alternative. Establish priorities for further

research. To help define research problems

more clearly, To help identify all possible

alternative answers, To help researchers build a deeper

hypothesis.

Methods

Survey of expert Analysis of secondary Pilot studies Dept interviews

Conclusive Research Design In contrast with exploratory research

design, conclusive research uses more formal and structured questions,

In conclusive research design we will be required to use some quantitative calculations.

When should we use conclusive research design?

conclusive research is the best suit research design for research with many statistical equations and it can provide you a fix number about particular material,

so that it is commonly used in helping you make a decision based on an absolute number

When your research is related to market study (such as to measure market share, market size, distributor available, and consumers’ profile), sales (e.g., a study to measure the effect of packaging on the consumers’ intention to buy), and to market test.

What are included in conclusive research designed?

Causal Research Descriptive Research

Causal Research

Commonly, there are two purposes of causal research.

First, it helps researcher to figure out the nature of that relationship – which factor becomes the cause and the effect,

Second, researcher can use this design to observe respondents even they who have never experienced the phenomena being researched by conducting an experiment

Descriptive Research

The description of something usually market characteristics or functions.

Basic assumption in this research design is the researchers have already figured out the problem.

Includes studies on the market, market share, sales analysis, product image usage, distribution, pricing, advertising.

Method

Secondary data Surveys Observation data Internet

Descriptive Research is split in to

 Cross-sectional research,  Longitudinal research.

 Cross-sectional research

Collecting of information from any given sample of the population elements only once “Snapshot”.

It is a descriptive research design where data is taken only once in a given time.

Often a large representative sample.

Cross-sectional includes

Data can be taken from a group of respondents (single cross-sectional design),

From several different groups of respondent (multiple cross-sectional design).

Longitudinal research

A type of research design involving a fixed sample of population elements(i.e.-Panel) which is measured repeatedly over time.

Measures changes over time. Some potential problems include

respondent refuse to co-operate, mortality, response bias and possible payment.

Longitudinal research

Data are captured during a certain time interval from the same group of respondents.

This research aims to see whether there are changes in the behaviour of the respondents for a period of time.

For example, researchers want to know how consumer of an airline will behave during the holiday season.

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