nextgen overview with focus on data link
TRANSCRIPT
1 | © 2017 Rockwell Collins. All rights reserved. Proprietary Information.
NextGen Overview with Focus on Data Link
Rockwell Collins Operators Conference
Presented by Christian Renneissen
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Agenda
Future Air Navigation System FANS 1/A+
ICAO GOLD Document
Components of FANS 1/A+
Logon and Handoff Process
Coverage Maps
Mandates and Requirements
PBCS
FANS CPDLC DCL
U.S. Enroute CPDLC
ARINCDirect Support
ARINCDirect FANS Testing
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The Idea of Data Link The third step…
1. Visual
– Beacons and Signage
2. Aural
– Voice
3. Data-to-Text
– A method communicating with an aircraft, while limiting voice radio traffic
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FANS 1/A+
FANS 1/A is the suite of software upgrades that implement CPDLC, ADS-C, AFN and AOC communications over ACARS protocols. FANS 1 was originally developed by Boeing, while FANS A was developed by Airbus. The two systems are functionally identical so standardization efforts changed the naming convention to FANS 1/A.
FANS 1/A+ added the message latency timer function
Future Air Navigation System 1/A+
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FANS 1/A+
Three components:
1. Air Traffic Facilities Notification (AFN) – aircraft logon to ATC Center
2. Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC) – data link messaging for communications between air traffic controllers and crews
3. Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract (ADS-C) –contract based position reporting
Via data link over VHF (VDL Mode A or VDL Mode 2) or SAT (Inmarsat or Iridium)
Future Air Navigation System 1/A+
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GOLD Document Global Operational Data Link Document
• ICAO's GOLD Document is a worldwide, collaborative effort to standardize Data Link procedures. It is the result of the progressive evolution of two documents:
• The FANS 1/A Operations Manual, prepared initially by the informal South Pacific Air Traffic Services Coordinating Group (ISPACG); and
• The Guidance Material for ATS Data Link Services in North Atlantic Airspace, produced by the North Atlantic FANS Implementation Group (NAT FIG), on behalf of the North Atlantic Systems Planning Group (NAT SPG)
• Current: Second Edition dated 26 April 2013
• Next edition was planned for November 2016
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CPDLC
CPDLC is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using text messaging via data link for Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication. The CPDLC application has three primary functions:
the exchange of controller/pilot messages with the controlling ATC authority
the transfer of ATC authority over that aircraft and downstream clearance delivery
or the opportunity of adjacent ATC centers to view the aircraft reports
Pre-defined message set, with free text if required
Replaces verbal ATC instructions and crew requests over radio frequencies reducing frequency congestion
Communication via data link significantly reduces receive and read back errors
Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
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ADS-C
ADS-C is a contract between a ground ATC system and the aircraft using various systems on board the aircraft to automatically provide aircraft position, altitude, speed, intent, and meteorological data
ATC establishes the reporting period and information requested in the ADS-C Contract and up to 5 ATC Centers can monitor the aircraft simultaneously
Avionics report contracts as established by ATC with no intervention from the flight crew
Replaces position reports by HF radio reducing frequency congestion
Types of ADS-C reports: Periodic, Demand, Event and Emergency
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Contract
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FANS Logon and Handoff Process
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Human Factors Considerations
Increased “head down time” for flight crew.
Flight deck Human Machine Interface limitations and issues.
Time required for reading/interpreting uplinks.
Time required for selecting/composing/sending downlinks
Maintaining a shared crew awareness of the progress of ATC data link communications.
Situational awareness and the inability of pilots to monitor other data link transmissions in the area of operations.
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Current Enroute FANS Coverage
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FANS Coverage in Europe
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FANS CPDLC Mandates
Phase 2A
As of Feb 2015 FL 350-390 on all North Atlantic (NAT) Tracks
Phase 2B - Current
Dec 2017 FL 350-390 within NAT Data Link Mandate (DLM) Region
Phase 2C
January 2020 - Above FL 290 within NAT Data Link Mandate (DLM) Region
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NAT DLM Region vs. ATS Airspace
Blue outline: NAT DLM Region
Pink areas: not included in NAT DLM. ATS Surveillance Airspace (via land-based RADAR or ADS-B)
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FANS Requirements
Equipment Requirements:
VHF Data Link (VDL Mode A or VDL Mode 2)
HF Data Link (HFDL) or;
SAT Data Link (Inmarsat, Iridium, or MTSAT)
FAA approved FANS CPDLC training
Letter of Authorization for US based operators conducting FANS 1/A operations outside of the United States
ICAO Flight Plan filing with required equipment codes and information
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Equipment/Flight Plan Requirements for FANS 1/A+
FANS CPDLC/ADS-C
capable
Letter of Authorization
File ICAO Flight Plan
Indicate equipage in
Fields 10 & 18
• Item 10a of the ICAO Flight Plan:
•"J2" for FANS CPDLC HFDL •"J3" for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode A •"J4" for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode 2 •"J5" for FANS CPDLC SATCOM (Inmarsat) •"J6" for FANS CPDLC SATCOM (MTSAT) •"J7" for FANS CPDLC SATCOM (Iridium)
• Item 10b of the ICAO Flight Plan:
•“D1“ ADS-C with FANS Capabilities
• Indicate tail number in Field 18 (Other Information) REG/
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Performance Based Communication and Surveillance
AC 90-117 Data Link Communications for U.S. Operators (LOA)
PBCS assures CPDLC and ADS-C perform to desired ATM levels.
PBN complements but is not PBCS :
– PBN: deals with RNP/RNAV criteria allocated to aircraft/operator
– PBCS: deals with RCP/RSP criteria allocated to ATS/CSP/aircraft/operator
By 29 March 2018 U.S. Operators must submit a new A056
– Indicate whether or not PBCS is desired to be used
– Indicate performance level (e.g. RCP240/RSP180)
– Otherwise seize data link ops
Let’s talk paperwork
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Definitions of RCP/RSP
• Required Communication Performance (RCP): The RCP Transaction Time defines the maximum time required for the completion of the transaction after which the initiator should revert to an alternative procedure.
• Required Surveillance Performance (RSP): The RSP Surveillance Data Transit Time describes the time required for delivery of surveillance data in seconds.
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PBCS Monitoring
Required as per Chapter 6 of AC 90-117
Review the PBCS monitoring results for your aircraft at https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/separation_standards/PBCS_Monitoring/
Results indicating failure
Follow directions to remedy
Insufficient Performance Data
Initial compliance can be based on Statement of Compliance (SOC), obtained from your OEM, and proof of any monitoring.
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PBCS Basics
Do we need it?
PBCS Approval not required to merely enter airspace
PBCS Approval and PBN required to partake in PBCS separation
RlatSM (23NM lateral) in OTS are designated as PBCS Tracks
Review item 3 in OTS message for use of RlatSM
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Where is PBCS Airspace?
Flight Planning
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Indicate PBCS Level
Flight Planning
By 29 Mar 2018 PBCS must be indicated to partake in PBCS operations
P1 (RCP400) corresponding entry in Field 18: SUR/RSP400
P2 (RCP240) corresponding entry in Field 18: SUR/RSP180
P3 (RCP400) – SATVOICE not planned for use in near term
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Rockwell Collins ARINC is signatory to the PBCS Charter
Alternate Means of Compliance as per AC 90-117 #4.5
N 8900.446 adds to the requirements for your OpSpec and LOA A056:
Operator to prove CSP meets FAA Requirements
AC 90-117 §4.5 offers Alternate Means of Compliance: Global PBCS Charter
Rockwell Collins/ARINC is signatory as your CSP
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U.S. Domestic FANS CPDLC DCL
FANS Logon to DCL Capable Tower via VDL Mode A or VDL Mode 2
No LOA required for US registered aircraft
Flight Plan Field 10a and Field 18 entries required
DCL does not replace PDC
Data Link Departure Clearance
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U.S. FANS DCL Airports
A global first
The first step to domestic Data Link
All FANS equipped operators may use
FANS DCL is not ARINC 623 DCL
56 online since 2016
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Domestic use of FANS DCL
Departure Clearance Service (DCL) provides automated clearance delivery for initial and revised departure clearances
CPDLC message elements for the following:
Flight plan route
Initial and requested altitude
Beacon code assignment and
Departure frequency
Data Link Departure Clearance
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How is a CPDLC capable airport depicted?
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Equipment/Flight Plan Requirements for FANS DCL
Must use VDL as media for FANS
File ICAO Flight Plan
Indicate equipage in
Fields 10a & 18
Depending on your equipage item 10a of the ICAO Flight Plan may indicate:
“J3” for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode A and, or
“J4” for FANS CPDLC VDL Mode 2
The FAA does not recognize SAT Data Link as media for FANS DCL
Indicate DCL and PDC preferences in Field 18 DAT/
E.g. “DAT/1FANS2PDC” or “DAT/1FANSP2PDC”
Alternatively indicate DCL and PDC preferences via the FAA’s Subscriber Database
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Logon to “KUSA”
New ident due to NSDA
Up to 90 mins prior filed ETD
Logon “Accepted” = AFN_AK
No additional action required
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ATC Comm Established
CPDLC is Active
30 mins prior filed ETD
Clearance Delivery approves FPL
Behind the scenes exchange:
ATC sends “CR1”
Aircraft responds “CC1”
CPDLC is now active
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ATC Message
DCL Received
Aural Warning
Visual Warning
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DCL Review
Acceptance
Both crew should:
Review the DCL separately
Discuss the clearance
Choose to accept or reject
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No 60 sec timer on the ground
DCL comes w/ loadable route
May receive a revision during taxi
Auto-logoff after departure
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Logon Failure
Any CPDLC Failure
Revert to voice
Controller receives an error message
2nd preference “PDC” only works if DCL is inop at the ATC level.
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Looking ahead into NextGen
Transition from individual Logons to National Single Data Authority (NSDA) supporting enroute CPDLC
A single FANS Logon designed to carry through the enroute phase
Enroute CPDLC rollout later in 2018
Future integration with foreign partners
FANS DCL is just the beginning
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Participation in U.S. Enroute CPDLC
Only VDL Mode 2 equipped operators (“J4” in Field 10a)
Indicate Enroute FANS in Field 18 using “DAT/FANSE”
Other possible entries:
U.S. Requirements
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Where is Domestic CPDLC? Resources
Limited Data Comm Functional Verification (DFV) between May and September
KZKC (Kansas City)
KZME (Memphis)
KZID (Indianapolis)
Work with your Service Provider for continued updates.
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Scenarios
DCL Departure from within Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace
DCL Departure from outside of Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace
Non-DCL Departure from within Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace
Non-DCL Departure from outside of Enroute CPDLC enabled airspace
Resources
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ARINCDirect supports FANS CPDLC, ADS-C and DCL FANS Testing for ARINCDirect customers is Free of Charge
FANS Testing is done over the live network via VHF or Satellite data link so data link issues can also be identified
Customers can test for new installations, training purposes, refresher before trips and for troubleshooting any FANS issues
Two types of testing: Manual and Automated
Access to and transcripts of messaging logs
FANS Training and LOA Assistance
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Support needed? Contact me: [email protected]
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Aircraft Surveillance Evolution ADS-B
Mode S ELS (mandatory)
Flight ID
Mode S EHS (mandatory)
Hdg, Roll
TAS/IAS/GS/VS
TK, TKE, Mach
Sel ALT
ADS-B DO-260
(voluntary)
24bit ID
Position and quality
Baro Altitude
Velocities
Flight ID
ADS-B DO-260A
(voluntary)
24bit ID
Position and quality
Baro Altitude
Velocities
Flight ID
Emer code
SPI / GS
ADS-B DO-260B
(mandatory) Vehicle length+width
GPS Antenna offset
Velocity accuracy
System Design Assurance
UAT/1090ES capability
Aircraft category
Emerg code
NIC / NACp / NACv
GPS altitude
TCAS status
Common for ADS-B: Pos: GNSS based XPDR: Modes A+C Ident: 4 digit + flight ID Ident: 24bit unique ID
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast