Non-Infectious DiseasesNon-Infectious Diseases

Non-Infectious DiseaseNon-Infectious DiseaseNot caused by pathogensNot caused by pathogensCannot be transmitted to other peopleCannot be transmitted to other peopleRisk factors:Risk factors:

GeneticsGeneticsLife-styleLife-styleEnvironmental factors Environmental factors

Genetic Risk FactorsGenetic Risk FactorsDetermined by genesDetermined by genesCongenital disease is present at birthCongenital disease is present at birth

Others don’t show up until later in lifeOthers don’t show up until later in lifeFamilial Disease TendencyFamilial Disease Tendency

Disease runs in familyDisease runs in family

Genetic Risk FactorsGenetic Risk FactorsRecessive gene Recessive gene

disordersdisordersNeed recessive gene from Need recessive gene from

both parentsboth parentsCan be a carrierCan be a carrierCystic fibrosis & sickle cell Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell

anemiaanemiaDown syndromeDown syndrome

Born with extra Born with extra chromosomechromosome

Genetic Risk FactorsGenetic Risk Factors

Sex-linked disordersSex-linked disordersLinked to x chromosome Linked to x chromosome

(female)(female)Can be recessive in femalesCan be recessive in femalesColor blindness, hemophilia, Color blindness, hemophilia,

& muscular dystrophy& muscular dystrophy

Environmental Risk FactorsEnvironmental Risk Factors

PollutionPollutionSmokeSmokeSunlightSunlightRadiationRadiationAltitudeAltitudeWater Water

Lifestyle Risk FactorsLifestyle Risk FactorsDietDietObesityObesityExerciseExerciseAlcoholAlcoholTobaccoTobaccoStressStressSleepSleep

Leading Cause of Death in USLeading Cause of Death in US

1.1. Heart disease: 631,636 Heart disease: 631,636 2.2. Cancer: 559,888 Cancer: 559,888 3.3. Stroke : 137,119 Stroke : 137,119

(CDC, 2006)(CDC, 2006)

Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease Disease of Cardiovascular systemDisease of Cardiovascular systemCV system is…CV system is…

Heart Heart Blood VesselsBlood Vessels

ArteriesArteriesVeinVeinCapillaries Capillaries

Blood Blood

Types of CV DiseaseTypes of CV DiseaseHypertensionHypertensionArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosisAtherosclerosisAtherosclerosisHeart AttackHeart AttackStrokeStrokeArrhythmias Arrhythmias Heart Valve DisorderHeart Valve DisorderVaricose Veins Varicose Veins

HypertensionHypertension

High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure Normal=120/80Normal=120/80Over 120/80= At riskOver 120/80= At riskHigh=150/90High=150/90Thickening of blood vessel wallsThickening of blood vessel wallsNarrows passageways for bloodNarrows passageways for blood

Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Hardening of the Hardening of the

arteriesarteriesNarrows blood Narrows blood

vessels & blocks vessels & blocks blood flowblood flow

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosisFat deposits in Fat deposits in

blood vesselsblood vessels

Heart AttackHeart AttackCaused by lack of oxygen delivery to cellsCaused by lack of oxygen delivery to cellsCoronary heart diseaseCoronary heart disease

Blockage of coronary arteriesBlockage of coronary arteriesCaused by fat deposits and/or blood clotsCaused by fat deposits and/or blood clotsCauses heart attackCauses heart attack

Cardiac ArrestCardiac ArrestEntire heart stopsEntire heart stops

StrokeStrokeDisrupts blood flow to brainDisrupts blood flow to brainNo oxygen to brainNo oxygen to brainBrain cells dieBrain cells dieCaused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or

burst arteriesburst arteriesAneurysmAneurysm

Weak spot in blood vessel that can burstWeak spot in blood vessel that can burst

StrokeStroke

EffectsEffectsSpeechSpeechSensesSensesMovementMovementMemoryMemoryBehaviorBehaviorDepending on side Depending on side

of the brainof the brain

Heart Valve DiseaseHeart Valve Disease4 valves in heart4 valves in heart2 between atria & ventricle2 between atria & ventricle2 between heart & arteries2 between heart & arteriesBypass Surgery Bypass Surgery

Arrhythmias & Arrhythmias & Varicose VeinsVaricose Veins

Arrhythmias Arrhythmias Abnormal Abnormal

heart beatheart beatPacemaker Pacemaker DefibrillatorDefibrillator

Varicose VeinsVaricose Veins•Large blue Large blue veinsveins•One-way One-way valves don’t valves don’t workwork

Testing & DiagnosisTesting & DiagnosisElectrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG)Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG)

Graphs electrical impulses and heart beatsGraphs electrical impulses and heart beatsStress TestStress Test

ECG during exerciseECG during exerciseChest X-RayChest X-Ray

Picture of heartPicture of heart

PreventionPreventionDon’t smokeDon’t smokeExercise regularlyExercise regularlyManage stressManage stressManage dietManage diet

Avoid saturated fat & cholesterolAvoid saturated fat & cholesterolReplace red meat with chicken and fishReplace red meat with chicken and fishEat more fruits & veggiesEat more fruits & veggiesAvoid sweets, oils, & fatsAvoid sweets, oils, & fats

VideosVideoshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnK1Kv

3XkZI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7F52IyeINk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3QuUMt9cao

DiscussionDiscussionDefine HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are

they different? How are they similar?they different? How are they similar?

Describe angiogenesis. What does it do? Describe angiogenesis. What does it do? Why does this help increase heart health?Why does this help increase heart health?

Describe the symptoms of heart disease. Describe the symptoms of heart disease.

What is Cancer?What is Cancer?Define the 5 different types of cancer?Define the 5 different types of cancer?What is the difference between benign & What is the difference between benign &

malignant tumors?malignant tumors?What is metastasis? How does it occur?What is metastasis? How does it occur?What causes cancer?What causes cancer?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_wRpa

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CancerCancer TypesTypes

SkinLungLungMouthThroatThroatLeukemiaBreastBreastColonCervixCervixProstateTesticularTesticular

CancerCancer TypesTypes Risk FactorsRisk Factors

Skin L, E, GLungLung L, E, L, E, Mouth L, EThroatThroat L, EL, ELeukemia L, E, GBreastBreast L, E, GL, E, GColon E, GCervixCervix LLProstate L, GTesticularTesticular L, GL, G

Signs & Symptoms Signs & Symptoms Unexplained weight lossUnexplained weight lossFeverFeverFatigueFatiguePainPainSkin changesSkin changesThickening/ lumpsThickening/ lumpsUnusual bowel movementsUnusual bowel movementsUnusual bleedingUnusual bleeding

DiagnosisDiagnosisEarly detection!!!!!!!!Early detection!!!!!!!!ScreeningScreening

Self-testSelf-testPap-testPap-test

Cervical examinationCervical examinationColonoscopy Colonoscopy

Looks inside colonLooks inside colonBiopsyBiopsy

Removal of cell/ tissue for examinationRemoval of cell/ tissue for examination

TreatmentTreatmentChemotherapyChemotherapy

Drugs that kill cancer cellDrugs that kill cancer cellOften taken in combinationOften taken in combinationPill or injection formPill or injection form

Radiation TherapyRadiation TherapyRadiation can stop growth/ Radiation can stop growth/

division of cancer cellsdivision of cancer cellsSurgerySurgery

Removal of tumor or cancer Removal of tumor or cancer cellscells

PreventionPreventionAvoid tobacco.Avoid tobacco.Avoid alcohol.Avoid alcohol.Protect against the sun.Protect against the sun.Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens.Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens. Increase fiber intake.Increase fiber intake.Reduce fiber intake.Reduce fiber intake.Eat balanced diet.Eat balanced diet.Self-test.Self-test.Get regular physical activity.Get regular physical activity.SurgerySurgery