non verbal communication 181206
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NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
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DEFINITION
Non Verbal Communication is the communication that uses non-linguistic means to convey the message.
The words we use convey objective information; non-verbal
messages reveal our emotions and attitudes.
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FORMS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Conscious Non-verbal Communication
Deliberate, direct communication
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Subliminal Non-verbal Communication
Police & Military Uniforms subliminally communicate authority.
Well dressed executives project success and credibility.
Poor dress sense transmits message of failure
Advertisements associate youth and beauty with the product.
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TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Kinesics - facial expression, posture, and gesture
Oculesics eye contact
Haptics the communication of touch
Proxemics the communication of space and proximity
Appearance the physical characteristics, the attire and the accessories
Paralinguistics / Vocalics variations in pitch, speed, volume, and pauses that convey
meaning
Chronemics the effects of time on communication
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KINESICS
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
Neutral expression pleasure, mask, respect, thoughtful, and quiet attention.
Relaxed expression love, pleasure, and submission.
Tense expression fear, surprise, determination, contempt, and extreme interest.
Uplifted expression happiness, anxiety, rage, love, astonishment, and attention.
Droopy expression - distress, suffering, grief, dismay, and shock.
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KINESICS
POSTURE
Head position
Legs
The angle of the body in relation to others
Body relaxation and tension is a strong indicator
Height
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KINESICS
POSTURE
Slumped posture = low spirits
Erect posture = high spirits, energy, and confidence
Lean forward = open and interested
Lean away = defensive or uninterested
Crossed arms = defensive
Uncrossed arms = willingness to listen
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KINESICS
GESTURES
Ambiguous or unambiguous
Unnatural gestures
Beneficial gestures
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OCULESICS
Direct state candour and openness.
Downward glances modesty
Eyes rolled upward fatigue
Blinking - tension
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HAPTICS
Following degrees of intimacy:
Functional / professional
Social / polite
Friendship / warmth
Love / intimacy
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PROXEMICS
Four categories of space:
Intimate distance for embracing or whispering
Personal distance for conversations among close friends
Social distance for conversations among acquaintances, and
Public distance used for public speaking
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PROXEMICS
Three basic principles of space in an organization
The higher your position:
The more and better space you will have
The better protected your territory will be, and
The easier it will be to invade the territory of lower-status personnel
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Distance Relation Volume
Close (8 in. to 12 in.) Highly personal, seldom used in public Audible whisper, very confidential
Near (12 in. to 36 in.) Many dyadic social interactions occur Indoors, soft voice
Neutral (4.5 ft. to 5 ft.) Most social gatherings and businesstransactions
Outdoors, full voice
Public distance (5.5 ft. to 8 ft.) Business and social discourse; more
formal; desks in offices are placed to hold
off visitors
Full voice with slight over loudness
Across the room (8 ft. to 20 ft.) Used by teachers or speakers at public
gatherings
Loud voice talking to a group
Far distance (20 ft. and more) Public speaking by public figures Hailing distances, public-address systems
PROXEMICS
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APPEARANCE
Grooming
Professional looking clothing
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PARALANGUAGE / VOCALICS
Tone direct, commanding, gentle, pleasing, sharp, etc.
Inflection spread narrow
Pitch high-low
Intensity loud-soft
Articulation precise-imprecise
Rhythm smooth-jerky
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CHRONEMICS
Punctuality
Amount of time spent with another
Waiting time
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TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Observe and understand the non-verbal signals being sent your way on a moment-to-momentbasis.
Use good eye contact
Stop what you were doing when your listeners look glassy-eyed or bored
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TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Use the tone of your voice the way a musician uses an instrument.
Adopt the most appropriate posture that suits the occasion
Express gratitude to your audience when they are being attentive and responsive
Soak in the pats / hugs that others give you
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TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
When you are confronting someone who you are in a close relationship with, reach out to take
his / her hand in both of yours.
Understand the cultural nuances of the various forms of non-verbal communication
When there is a contradiction between the verbal and non-verbal messages of a person you arelistening to, try to assess the situation with the help of non-verbal cues.