Nonstructural Measures and

the Role of Community in

Disaster Risk Management

25 April 2013 JICA Kenya Office

Contents • Key Lessons Learned from the Great East Japan

Earthquake of 2011 (non structural measures) • JICA Kenya’s Assistance in Community based

Disaster Risk Management

Key Lessons Learned from Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011

“Community based

Disaster Risk Management” 80% of people were rescued by their neighbors!!

Importance of the Role of Community

Members of Community based Organizations

Neighborhood Associations

DRM activities Fire fighting

Issuing warnings Assisting evacuations Conducting rescue

operations,etc.

Advantages of Supporting Community based DRM

Know the local context and their residents Cost-effective way of mobilization Can respond immediately

Ensure awareness of DRM on daily basis

“Risk Communication”

Understanding the Risks, BUT ALSO, Be Prepared for the Unexpected!!

Only 20 % of people utilized the hazard maps Some people died by relying only on the information in the hazard maps

Limitation of the Early Warning System…

Tsunami Hazard map

Is my house safe?

Hazard maps are important in understanding risks, and identifying evacuation routes

Yet Understand the limitations of prediction

“KAMAISHI MIRACLE”?

Children’s Survival Rate of 99.8%!! Importance of the Role of Schools

“Software” Regular Evacuation Drills

DRM Education Hazard Maps

“Hardware” As an Evacuation Shelter As a Transition Shelter

3 Rules of Evacuation

1. Don’t believe in predictions 2. Do your best in given situation

3. Evacuate yourself

Self Support & Mutual Support & Public Support

Individual Or

Family

Government Community

Self Support

Public Support

Mutual Support

Central and local government support to community is critical!!

JICA Kenya’s Assistance in Community based Disaster Risk Management

JICA’s Assistance in Community based Disaster Risk Management in Kenya

1. Flood Management

2006-2009

• Development Study: Study on Integrated Flood Management • 5 pilot projects for implementation of structural & nonstructural measures in

Nyando river basin

2009-2011

• Grant Aid: Programme for Community based Flood Disaster Management to Adapt to Climate Change in the Nyando River Basin

• 24 pilot projects in Nyando river basin to expand the results of the previous study

2011-2014

• Technical Cooperation: Project for Capacity Development for Effective Flood Management in Flood Prone Areas

• Establish an implementation structure within WRMA to promote community based flood management activities

Combination of Structural and Nonstructural Measures

For Development of Flood Management System by Community based Organization

Evacuation Place Evacuation

Center Toilet Storage Borehole

Evacuation Route Culvert Footbridge Weir

Development of

CFMO Organizational

Training Technical O&M

Training Fundraising

Training

DRM Education Evacuation

Drills Hazard maps First Aid

Training

Nonstructural Measures

Structural Measures

Capacity Building of the Community

Government’ Support

Structural Measures

Bridge

Gabion

Evacuation Center

Bridge Culvert

Riverbank Protection

Nonstructural Measures

Community Flood Management Organization

Culvert maintained by community

members

Hazard map

Evacuation Drills

DRM Training in School

First Aid Training

DRM posters

JICA’s Assistance in Disaster Risk Management in Kenya

2. Drought Management Adaption of Community Managed Disaster Risk

Reduction (CMDRR) Approach What is CMDRR?

Community engage in the identification, analysis, monitoring

and evaluation of the risks; plan and take actions!

Community can reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities to cope with disasters!

Source: Building Resilient Communities (CORDAID)

Empowerment of Community Drought Resilience in Northern Kenya through Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction Approach

Sustainable Natural Resource Management

Livelihood Diversification

Improvement of Livestock value chain

Stra

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Past

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Reso

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Man

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ovem

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Agric

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vest

ock

prod

ucts

pr

oces

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Outputs

Activities

Wat

er p

oten

tial S

urve

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Purpose

Capacity Development

of Government

Smal

l sca

le fa

rmin

g

Sem

inar

s / T

rain

ings

Polic

y / A

dvoc

acy

Community Empowerment

Enhancing Community Resilience against Drought in Northern Kenya (ECORAD) 2012-2015

Combination of Structural and Nonstructural Measures

For Enhancing Community Resilience against Drought… Nonstructural

Measures Structural Measures

Natural Resource Management Resource

Mapping Water ＆

Pasture Management,

etc.

Water Resource

Development Water Pan Rock Catchment Borehole

with Solar Pump, etc.

Market Structure Development Rehabilitation

of Market Rehabilitation

of roads, etc.

Livelihood Activities Poultry Goats Honey production,

etc.

Livestock Value Chain Heifer

Program Trainings for

Market Associations

,etc.

Capacity Building of the Community

Government’ Support

Structural Measures

Rock Catchment

Market Structure

Rehabilitation of Pipeline

Water Pan

Nonstructural Measures

CMDRR Trainings Livestock Value Chain

Livelihood Activities

Children’s Peace Camp

Resource Mapping

Thank You

Children of Rendille and Gabra At Children’s Peace Camp